乡村生产空间系统要素作用关系视域下的产业振兴路径研究——以重庆市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王成  程贵山 《地理科学进展》2022,41(10):1795-1805

乡村生产空间系统是实施乡村产业振兴的空间集合体,系统各要素间的作用关系与强度直接关乎系统运行,稳定有序的系统是实现产业振兴的基础保障。论文在充分解析乡村生产空间系统各要素作用关系的基础上,通过文献梳理寻求共性指标、政策文本分析寻求个性指标,共性和个性2个维度相结合构建指标体系,分析系统各要素的空间表征,并运用结构方程模型分析系统要素间的作用关系和强度,同时以重庆市为研究区域予以检验并因地施策提出其产业振兴路径。结果表明：从共性和个性2个维度构建指标体系具有科学性、合理性和可实践性;重庆市乡村生产空间系统要素间的作用关系与强度各异,乡村生产空间系统要素的空间表征呈“圈层”分异;从夯实产业基础设施、构建产业振兴人才培育体系、产业升级增效3个层面提出了推动重庆市产业振兴的路径。  相似文献   

基于多尺度标准化降水指数的陕西苹果主产区气象干旱分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王景红  张勇  刘璐 《气象》2013,39(12):1656-1662

利用陕西省30个苹果基地县气象站1961—2010年50年月降水资料,计算陕西苹果主产区3、6、9和12个月各尺度的标准化降水指数SPI3、SPI6、SPI9和SPI12。结果表明陕西苹果主产区年SPI12、春夏秋SPI9以及秋季SPI3整体呈线性下降趋势(P<0.05),总体趋于干旱,且干旱强度有所加重。陕西苹果主产区轻度、中度、重度和极度气象干旱发生频率分别为16%、6%、4%和0%。使用克里格插值法绘制1961—2010年陕西苹果主产区年气象干旱频率分布图,其分布表现为自南向北间隔分布且关中果区干旱频率最高;春夏秋气象干旱频率分布上表现与年气象干旱频率近似;冬春气象干旱频率分布上大体表现为南高北低,东西中间低两边高,春夏气象干旱频率分布在东西南北上均大体表现为中间高两边低;季节气象干旱频率分布表现不一,总体上除春季关中果区气象干旱频率最高外,其余季节均为渭北东部果区气象干旱频率最高。加之陕西苹果基地县中76.4%的苹果园不具备灌溉条件,故该研究对建立具有针对性的防旱抗旱措施及应急预案均具有重要意义。  相似文献   

稻田土壤中甲烷产生率的实验研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

上官行健  王明星  R.Wassmann 《大气科学》1993,17(5):604-610

本实验旨在研究稻田土壤中甲烷产生率对稻田CH_4排放的影响.观测结果表明:土壤各深度的甲烷产生率有很大的变化范围(1—4639ng·h~(-1)·g~(-1)d.w.).主要的甲烷产生区域是7—17cm深的土壤层,其中以13cm深的土壤层上的生成速率最大.土壤中甲烷产生率与稻田CH_4排放率在水稻生长的某些阶段有较好的相关性,但它的季节变化却不能与排放的季节变化完全耦合.在水稻生长期,土壤中甲烷产生率随时间而增大,并在8月份水稻收割前达到最大,其日平均值在38—767 ng·h~(-1)·g~(-1)d.w.间变动.稻田土壤中甲烷产生率也存在日变化,一般在下午达到最大值,但却没有发现它与土壤温度有明显的相关关系.在不同施肥及水稻品种的稻田土壤中也观测到不同的甲烷产生率.在土壤中产生的甲烷最多只有28.8％被排放到大气中,而其余多于71.2％的则被氧化在土壤中.  相似文献   

A climate-informed,ecosystem approach to fisheries management     

《Marine Policy》2015

This paper outlines the benefits of using the framework for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) for dealing with the inevitable yet unclear impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on coastal fisheries. With a focus on the Asia-Pacific region, it summarizes the projected biological and socio-economic effects of increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) for coastal fisheries and illustrates how all the important dimensions of climate change and ocean acidification can be integrated into the steps involved in the EAFM planning process. The activities required to harness the full potential of an EAFM as an adaptation to climate change and ocean acidification are also described, including: provision of the necessary expertise to inform all stakeholders about the risks to fish habitats, fish stocks and catches due to climate change; promotion of trans-disciplinary collaboration; facilitating the participation of all key stakeholders; monitoring the wider fisheries system for climate impacts; and enhancing resources and capacity to implement an EAFM. By channeling some of the resources available to the Asia-Pacific region to adapt to climate change into an EAFM, developing countries will not only build resilience to the ecological and fisheries effects of climate change, they will also help address the habitat degradation and overfishing presently reducing the productivity of coastal fisheries.  相似文献   

Genders in Production: Making Workers in Mexico's Global Factories     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):306-308

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Revisiting gateway cities: connecting hubs in global networks to their hinterlands     

Sören Scholvin  Moritz Breul  Javier Revilla Diez 《Urban geography》2013,34(9):1291-1309

Gateway cities have received much attention from urban geographers. In spite of outstanding contributions being made, we think that the concept needs to be revisited with regard to regional development implications. Bringing together research on global production networks (GPNs) and world cities, this article shows that gateway cities are critical for development in networks, generating impulses for peripheral locations by engaging them in processes of “strategic coupling.” Yet, gateway cities also concentrate segments of GPNs to the detriment of their hinterlands. We conceptualize gateway cities with the aid of five features: logistics and transport, industrial processing, corporate control, service provision and knowledge generation. Our concept allows for an understanding of cities in global and regional economic processes beyond corporate headquarters, corporate services and governance – that is, beyond the boundaries of existing research. It unsettles traditional understandings of strategic coupling and world cities, filling a lacuna on city–hinterland connections.  相似文献   

1980年以来中国棉花生产向新疆集中的主要原因   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

朱会义 《地理研究》2013,32(4):744-754

1980年以来中国棉花生产格局发生了明显变化,在空间上逐步向新疆集中,这一变化不仅促进了新疆地区耕地的扩张,也强化了新疆地区在我国农业生产中的地域功能,同时还加速了该地区的荒漠化进程。目前对这一现象的研究主要立足于区域尺度,关注棉花生产对当地农民收入的影响以及区域棉花产业的优势与发展战略,对生产格局变化的成因还缺乏清晰认识。本文从生产要素配置效率的角度,利用全国农产品成本收益数据,通过比较全国主要植棉省市棉花生产中土地生产率、劳动生产率和资本产出率的差异,来探讨这一现象的成因。结果表明:劳动生产率的区域差异是市场经济条件下中国棉花生产向新疆集中的主要原因。这一结论对于判断中国棉花生产格局变化的未来趋势以及其他农产品生产格局变化研究都具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

农业市场化对农户种植效益的影响——基于沪苏皖农户调查的实证研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高珊  黄贤金  钟太洋  陈志刚 《地理研究》2013,32(6):1103-1112

通过沪苏皖3省16个村的分层抽样农户调查发现,农业市场化的发育程度决定着农户种植经济收益的高低,不同农产品基本遵循高投入、高产出的规律,地区差异明显。根据定量分析和CD扩展模型检验表明,生产要素市场和农产品市场共同影响农户土地种植效益。为提高土地产出,农户更重视种子、化肥、农药等农资的增产性投入,劳工和机械投入随家庭非农活动情况而变化。农产品市场销售行为对农户种植效益的提高呈较明显的正向刺激作用,市场价格是关键要素,销售率和销售成本对商品型农产品影响更显著。另外农户素质及收入结构对种植效益也产生显著影响,人力资本水平与种植效益成正相关关系。  相似文献   

Satellite Monitoring of the Biomass Production in Southern Greenland     

Birger Ulf Hansen M.Sc. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):94-99

Birger Ulf Hansen: Satellite Monitoring of the Biomass Production in Southern Greenland. Geografisk Tidsskrift 88:94–99. Copenhagen, 1988.

Based on satellite data from Southern Greenland the application of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for monitoring biomass production has been evaluated. Field measurements of spectral reflectance data are quantitatively correlated with clipped samples of total above-ground biomass production. The relation between NDVI measured on the ground and biomass production is discussed. The seasonal and geographical variation in NDVI is correlated with the climate and water balance. The potential production is estimated as the product of mean NDVI and the length of the growing season. The results suggest that operational satellite monitoring of NDVI provides valuable assistance in agricultural management and forward planning of the potential breeding capacity in an arctic/subarctic environment.  相似文献   

A Review of “The New Economy of the Inner City: Restructuring,Regeneration and Dislocation in the Twenty-First-Century Metropolis”     

Michael L. Indergaard 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):144-146

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