Common bivalve larvae from New Zealand: Mytilacea     

J. D. Booth 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):407-440

The late stage larvae of five common mytilid bivalves (Mollusca: Pelecypoda: Mytilacea) are described and provisionally identified as Mytilus edulis aoteanus, Modiolus areolatus, Perna canaliculus, Xenostrobus pulex, and Modiolarca impacta. All are readily distinguishable on the basis of larval shell features, including hinge structure. However, one common species, Aulacomya maoriana, was not discerned, and thus the identifications must remain tentative.

The larvae were recovered from plankton samples from Bay of Islands (35° 15’ S, 174° 10’ E), Wellington Harbour (41° 16’ S, 174° 51’ E), and Raumati Beach (40° 56’ S, 174° 58’ E), New Zealand, during 1970–72. Their seasonal occurrences in the plankton are described and related to the condition index of the adults as far as possible.  相似文献   

Deposit feeding ecology of Amphibola crenata I. Long‐term effects of deposit feeding on sediment micro‐organisms     

S. Kim Juniper 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):235-246

Short‐term effects of deposit feeding on benthic micro‐organisms are known from several marine environments, but longer‐term influences of deposit feeders have not been extensively investigated. The long‐term microbial response to deposit feeding by the gastropod Amphibola crenata was monitored in a 10‐month field study where deposit feeding intensity was controlled in artificial enclosures. The presence of the snail resulted in a minor decrease in bacterial numbers and a slight increase in heterotrophic activity relative to bacterial cell numbers. This effect may have been the long‐term signature of a previously reported pulse in bacterial production during the recolonisation of Amphibola faeces. Normal snail density had a strong inhibitory effect on primary productivity by the benthic microalgae, reducing CO₂ fixation to 29–47% of levels that could be attained when snails were excluded. Variations in the effect of deposit feeding on micro‐organisms over the experimental period suggest that it may be modified by seasonal factors acting on benthic communities. In a similar interaction of influences, seasonal changes in microbial biomass and activity appeared to vary with snail density.  相似文献   

Semiconducting Mineral Photocatalytic Regeneration of Fe²⁺ Promotes Carbon Dioxide Acquisition by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans     

LI Yan  LU Anhuai  WANG Xin  DING Hongrui  WANG Changqiu 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(3):761-766

Chemoautotrophic organisms have once been excluded from the development of universally applicable CO2 fixation technology due to its low production yields of biomass. In this study, we used Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.f.) as a model chemoautotrophic microorganism to test the hypothesis that exogenetic photoelectrons from semiconducting mineral photocatalysis can enable the regeneration of Fe2+ that could be then used by A.f. and support its growth. In a simulated electrochemical system, where exogenetic electrons were provided by an electrochemical approach, an accelerated growth rate of A.f. was observed as compared with that in traditional batch cultivation. In a coupled system, where light-irradiated natural rutile provided the primary electron source to feed A.f., the bacterial growth rate as well as the subsequent CO2 fixation rate was demonstrated to be in a light-dependent manner. The sustaining flow of photogenerated electrons from semiconducting mineral to bacteria provided an inexhaustible electron source for chemoautotrophic bacteria growth and CO2 fixation. This finding might contribute to the development of novel effective CO2 fixation technology.  相似文献   

不同成烃生物的拉曼光谱特征     

鲍芳  腾格尔  仰云峰  谢小敏  张美珍  王汝成 《高校地质学报》2012,18(1):174-179

为了区分不同的成烃生物,本文利用拉曼光谱对烃源岩中两种常见的成烃生物,即浮游藻类和底栖藻类进行了研究。
发现不同生源有机质成烃后的拉曼光谱各具特征。G 峰与D 峰间的位移差能够指示不同成烃生物分子结构中芳环的稠合程
度,D 峰和G 峰的强度比可以反映有机质芳香结构有序度。通过对比不同成烃生物的拉曼光谱参数,发现成烃后浮游藻类
的芳环稠合程度明显小于底栖藻类,芳香结构有序度也低于底栖藻类。相同层位烃源岩中不同成烃生物的G 峰与D 峰位移
差有明显区别,即可以通过拉曼光谱检测芳环的稠合程度来区分不同的成烃生物。D 峰与G 峰强度比不仅受成熟度控制,
而且成烃生物的性质对其有重要的影响,也能作为区分不同成烃生物的参考标准。  相似文献   

Management of exogenous threats to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic Islands: balancing risks from TBT and non-indigenous marine organisms     

Lewis PN  Riddle MJ  Hewitt CL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):999-1005

The discovery of high levels of tributyltin compounds in Antarctic marine sediments has prompted managers to consider the banning of such substances in this region. We propose that the banning of antifouling coatings may result in an increase in the risk of non-indigenous species invasions. Our studies show that un-treated vessels carry a more diverse community of fouling organisms than treated hulls on which fouling is restricted to specific untreated niches. Up to 40% of the species recruited to the hulls of Southern Ocean vessels are species with invasive histories. Viable fouling assemblages can survive prolonged voyages to high-latitude coastlines, yet passage through sea-ice may remove fouling communities due to mechanical abrasion reducing the hazard of introductions to ice-bound coastlines. The banning of antifouling compounds may be of particular concern for the ice-free sub-Antarctic islands which represent a common anchorage point for vessels on-route to Antarctica.  相似文献   

The effect of copper-treated net pens on farmed salmon (Salmo salar) and other marine organisms and sediments     

Solberg CB  Saethre L  Julshamn K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):126-132

Samples of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), saithe (Pollacius virens), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) and sediment were collected from six different fish farms. Five of the farms used net pens treated with copper-containing coatings, whereas one farm did not use copper-containing coating (this was used as a reference location). Samples of muscle, liver and gills of Atlantic salmon and saithe, blue mussel and brown seaweed were freeze dried, homogenised, wet digested and analysed for copper by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed no significant differences in copper concentrations among the samples from the different locations. The copper contents of some of the samples appeared to be in the upper part of the normal concentration range. From a nutritional point of view, the use of copper-coatings on net pens did not affect the quality of the seafood products either within, or around the net pen.  相似文献   

Heavy metal concentration and its evaluation in the organisms from Meizhou Bay     

高淑英  邹栋梁 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1994,12(4):325-330

The present paper reports Zn,Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Fe,Mn and Co contents in the tissues of oyster,solen,red-tail prawn,sea eel and kelp,taken from Meizhou Bay(and analysed by flame atomicabsorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion)in June 1992,and also the concentration factors esti-mated from the mean metal concentrations in the organisms and water there.Heavy metal concentrationsin every species of the organisms followed the pattern:Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn>Pb,Cd,Ni,Co and in variousorganisms showed considerable variation.In general,levels of most of these metals were in the order:softtissues of the bivalves>the kelp>muscles of the red-tail prawn,the sea eel.The greatest concentrationof most metals was found in the gill or viscera of the sea eel,whereas the muscle tissues,in general,con-tained only low concentrations of them.The Cu,Zn concentration factors of the oyster were higher by1—2 orders of magnitude than that of the other organisms.The observed heavy metal levels were closeto those reported from various waters  相似文献   

A fossil record of shell boring: Possible evidence for sea level changes in the Red Sea     

Ehud Spanier   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1987,24(6)

An aggregation of fossil shells of the Indo-Pacific muricid snails Chicoreus ramosus was found in the northern part of the island of Tiran, Red Sea. The site was 7 m above the present mean sea level. Radiocarbon dating of these shells indicated an age of 1570±80 years BP. Some of these shells bore-drilled holes, most of them uncompleted. Biological study revealed that such holes were probably drilled by conspecifics in the absence of alternative food after they had been disconnected from the sea. Since there is no evidence of human activity in this part of Tiran, I suggest that such conditions could be caused only by a physical process that changed the relative water level. In accordance with the character of the drilled holes and the short period which muricids maintain reproductive aggregates, I also postulate that such a physical process must have been a relatively rapid one.  相似文献   

西施舌育苗水体污损生物及其防治   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘德经  张克存  黄德尧 《台湾海峡》2005,24(2):195-199

2000年6月-2001年8月与2002年5月-2003年8月，先后在福建长乐和广东汕头进行西施舌人工育苗的研究．发现西施舌育苗水体的污损生物21种，其中影响较大的有10种．加强水质和底质处理，改进育苗技术工艺，寻找污染源，以防为主．是治理育苗污损生物行之有效的方法．  相似文献   

三烃基系有机锡化合物的制备及防污效果优选评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄修明  刘建军  尹建德  彭树杰  潘华德  付芳信  方群欣 《海洋与湖沼》1992,23(1):56-62

本文报道了17种三烃基系有机锡及其酯的制备方法和含锡量的测定结果。用它们与沥青和高分子聚合物这两种膜物质配制成两个系列共34个防污涂料配方，进行了主污效果优选评价实验。海上静态挂板历时2年3个月，经历了3个生物繁殖附着旺季，筛选出三丁基氟化锡D－21，LIR107三苯基氢氧化锡LIR109等，3个防污效果最好的配方。  相似文献