海水淡化排放的高盐废水对海洋生态环境的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄逸君  陈全震  曾江宁  江志兵 《海洋学研究》2009,27(3):103-110

盐度是海洋环境中最重要的生态因子之一,每种生物各有其适宜生长盐度要求,当环境盐度超过该范围时,生物体的生长、发育、生殖、行为和分布都会受到影响.近10年来,随着淡水资源紧缺和海水淡化处理成本的下降,海水淡化厂数量急剧增加,大量浓盐水进入海区导致受纳海域盐度升高.高浓度盐水给海洋生态环境带来许多负面影响,有关浓盐水的海洋生态安全问题备受人们关注.在总结和分析浓盐水对海洋浮游生物、底栖动物、甲壳类动物、鱼类和海草等影响的基础上,指出海水淡化厂排放的高盐废水对海洋生态的潜在威胁,浓盐水的排放使一些经济水产种类产量减少,给渔业资源和海洋经济带来损失.不同地域环境对海水淡化厂排放水的敏感程度不同,且潮流、海流和水团等水文因素以及海水淡化厂的日处理量和规模等因子决定了排放的高盐废水对海域生态影响的程度.为减少排放的高盐废水对出水口附近海域的影响,提出了海水淡化工程合理规划和布局的可行措施,要选择水体交换良好的海域作为海水淡化工程所在地,对排水口要进行因地制宜地设计,做好高盐废水的再利用工作,以最大限度地减少排放的高盐废水对海区环境的负面影响.建议对海水淡化厂附近海域进行有针对性的水质调查和监测,并做好环境风险影响的评价工作;制定及完善相关的法律法规,建立统一的高盐废水排放标准,而该标准则要以排放的高盐废水对当地海洋生态不造成较大的影响为依据,使海水淡化产业的发展有法可依.  相似文献   

Identifying Indicator Species in Habitats Created by Coastal Structures   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chun-Han SHIH  Ying-Chou LEE  Wei-Tse CHANG  Ta-Jen CHU 《中国海洋工程》2010,24(1):117-134

In this paper,three approachs were developed to find indicator species from the habitat created by coastal structures.These approachs consist of a model of species co-occurrence probability,a model of k-environmental factor probability and a composite model.Simultaneously,a case study was conducted in Hsinchu Fishing Port of north-western Taiwan.Based on the aforementioned models,three primary producer species,Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis,Chondrus ocellatus and Sarcodia montagneana,were chosen as the indicator species which had the highest co-occurrence probabilities and showed greater tolerance to more critical environment.It is imperative to understand how the three species under particular co-occurring conditions and environmental factors influence the composition of sessile assemblages in coastal water.The results indicate that for the purpose of increasing biodiversity,these models are feasible to find indicator species of artificial structures,and to help make it possible to design coastal structures based on biological considerations.This study provides an innovative approach for further advanced application in the artificial habitat of coast management.  相似文献   

淡水湖泊中类蛭弧菌的分离方法     

曾佳  梁小兵  陆婷 《矿物学报》2010,30(1)

从贵州阿哈湖、百花湖及云南滇池不同深度的湖水中筛选出2株宿主菌株。经16SrRNA基因序列分析,这2株宿主菌分别鉴定为肠杆菌(Enterobacteriales)和黄色单胞菌(Xanthomonadales)。分别利用这2株宿主菌,从湖水样品中获得到了类蛭弧菌噬菌斑。通过吸光度分析、用淡水类蛭弧菌的特异性引物进行基因扩增、DNA序列分析等一系列方法,证实了所分离的菌株为类蛭弧菌。建立了用同一生长环境中的宿主菌来分离类蛭弧菌的方法,并用该方法从淡水湖泊中分离出了不同类群的类蛭弧菌菌株。  相似文献   

Acute toxicity of the insecticide cypermethrin to three common European mayfly and stonefly nymphs     

《Limnologica》2021

Freshwaters are particularly vulnerable to pesticide contamination from adjacent agriculture and forestry. Cypermethrin is a commonly used pyrethroid insecticide, but information on its toxicity to non-target freshwater invertebrates is limited to a small number of taxa. We assessed cypermethrin toxicity to nymphs of the common European mayflies Baetis rhodani and Ecdyonurus venosus, and the stonefly Isoperla grammatica in 96 h static bioassays. The 96 h median lethal concentrations (LC50) we recorded for the three species were 0.08 μg/L, 0.15 μg/L, and 0.13 μg/L, respectively. The effective concentration (EC50), quantified as lack of escape response (implying inability to avoid drift, predation or abiotic stress), was usually 32 % of the LC50. All 96 h LC50 values were lower than the maximum concentrations detected in streams in UK and continental Europe. Alarmingly, the 96 h LC50 for B. rhodani was below the currently applied single-pesticide EU safe drinking water standard of 0.1 μg/L. Contrasts among species were most evident at 24 h LC50, when B. rhodani was approximately ten times more sensitive than the other two taxa. B. rhodani is a key algal grazer, ubiquitous in European streams, and its decline could exacerbate algal blooms. The order of taxa sensitivity to cypermethrin in our study contrasts with their sensitivity to organic pollution in the same region, which suggests a tolerance trade-off, and thus a compounding effect of simultaneous stressors. Mayflies and stoneflies are important prey for instream and riparian predators, and key components of most eutrophication indices globally, all of which could be compromised in presence of cypermethrin.  相似文献   

莱州湾及东营近岸海域生物体中有机氯农药 和多氯联苯污染状况与风险评价     

刘慧慧  徐英江  邓旭修  张华威  孙岩  田秀慧  宫向红 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(5):1325-1332

2011年5月采集莱州湾及东营近岸海域鱼、贝、甲壳(蟹、虾)、头足四类235个生物体样品, 用气相色谱法测定其中六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)及多氯联苯(PCBs)含量, 对其残留水平、分布、组成特征及污染源进行分析, 对污染现状及人体健康风险进行了评价。结果表明, 研究海域生物体中HCHs含量(湿重) N.D.—5.73?g/kg; DDTs含量(湿重) 0.122—304?g/kg; PCBs含量(湿重) N.D.—6.51?g/kg。根据各同分异构体百分比组成分析, 莱州湾及东营近岸海域近期无新的大面积HCHs、DDTs污染输入。与同类研究相比, 莱州湾及东营近岸海域生物体PCBs含量处于较低水平, 而HCHs和DDTs含量处于中间水平。通过污染指数分析得出: 所有生物体HCHs、PCBs均未受到污染; 55%生物体DDTs受到不同程度污染。研究海域生物体HCHs、DDTs、PCBs含量低于各国食品安全限量; 以美国环保局推荐方法评价本海域生物体HCHs、PCBs食用致癌风险为可接受风险, 但是DDTs含量存在一定的致癌风险。  相似文献   

Assessment of toxicity of dissolved and microencapsulated biocides for control of the Golden Mussel Limnoperna fortunei     

《Marine environmental research》2013

Biological invasions currently pose major threats to ecosystems worldwide. Invasive bivalves such as the Golden Mussel Limnoperna fortunei can act as ‘environmental engineers’, altering biogeochemistry, reducing biodiversity, and literally changing the landscape of aquatic environments. The risk that this mussel will invade the Amazon basin is a great concern for environmental authorities, especially because no efficient control methods presently exist. In this study, we tested new microencapsulated chemicals, along with the traditional dissolved chlorine and KCl, as alternatives to control L. fortunei infestation in industrial and water supply plants along rivers. Because these bivalves can close their valves when they sense toxic substances in the water, microencapsulation has improved the effectiveness of the chemicals in controlling L. fortunei, reducing variation in the application and increasing toxicity compared to dissolved chemicals. Microencapsulation should be seriously considered as an alternative to replace hazardous chlorine.  相似文献   

福宁湾底栖生物群落生态研究     

林建杰 《海洋科学》2013,(8)

2012年对围海造地后的福宁湾特殊生境海区开展春季、夏季两季的生态调查,研究底栖生物群落生态现状。两航次调查共鉴定底栖动物57种,其中软体动物24种,多毛类19种,甲壳动物9种等。总栖息密度407.5个/m2,其中软体动物占有65.6％的明显优势;总生物量为338.44g/m2,其中软体动物占有98%的绝对优势。种类数、生物密度和生物量三项指标,均为春季显著高于夏季,堤内高于堤外;聚类分析表明,季节是影响群落时空变化的主要因子;堤内外群落的差异主要与沉积物类型密切相关。  相似文献   

湖泊中磷的循环与沉积作用   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

东野脉兴 《化工矿产地质》1996,18(4):258-262

地壳存在大量微溶性磷酸盐矿物，是湖泊中无限的磷源。中国云南省的滇池周围分布着大量早寒武世梅树村期磷块岩，其可溶性大于内生磷灰石，因此滇池湖水中磷的浓度提高，达０．０４～０．３８ｍｇ／Ｌ，是一般湖水中磷浓度的４～１０倍。藻类与细菌在滇池大量繁殖，摄取磷等营养物质，死亡后又被分解生成可溶性颗粒有机磷，磷质又返回湖水中，而那些分解后的水溶部分、不易分解的顽性组分或者不能为后来的生物所利用的组分，形成泥状沉积物或有机泥浆沉入湖底加入湖相沉积物。  相似文献   

湛江港污损生物挂板试验     

严岩  严文侠  董钰 《热带海洋学报》1995,(3)

１９９１年４月至１９９２年３月在湛江港内的试验浮筏上进行了污损生物周年挂板调查。共记录５９种生物。优势种是浒苔Ｅｎｔｅｒｍｏｒｐｈａｓｐ．和网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ。表层月板附着量变化幅度１０．０—２５０．０ｇ·ｍ－２，底层月板附着量变化幅度为３．０—５６８０．５ｇ·ｍ－２，年板全年附着量为２２３４７·１ｇ·ｍ－２。  相似文献   

Acoustic interaction of humpback whales and whale-watching boats     

Au WW  Green M 《Marine environmental research》2000,49(5):469-481

The underwater acoustic noise of five representative whale-watching boats used in the waters of west Maui was measured in order to study the effects of boat noise on humpback whales. The first set of measurements were performed on 9 and 10 March, close to the peak of the whale season. The ambient noise was relatively high with the major contribution from many chorusing humpback whales. Measurements of boat sounds were contaminated by this high ambient background noise. A second set of measurements was performed on 28 and 29 April, towards the end of the humpback whale season. In both sets of measurements, two of the boats were inflatables with outboard engines, two were larger coastal boats with twin inboard diesel engines and the fifth was a small water plane area twin hull (SWATH) ship with inter-island cruise capabilities. The inflatable boats with outboard engines produced very complex sounds with many bands of tonal-like components. The boats with inboard engines produced less intense sounds with fewer tonal bands. One-third octave band measurements of ambient noise measured on 9 March indicated a maximum sound pressure level of about 123 dB re 1 microPa at 315 Hz. The maximum sound pressure level of 127 dB at 315 Hz was measured for the SWATH ship. One of the boats with outboard engines produced sounds between 2 and 4 kHz that were about 8-10 dB greater than the level of background humpback whale sounds at the peak of the whale season. We concluded that it is unlikely that the levels of sounds produced by the boats in our study would have any grave effects on the auditory system of humpback whales.  相似文献