Nature and biological composition of the New Caledonian outer barrier reef slopes     

Benoit Flamand  Guy Cabioch  Claude Payri  Bernard Pelletier 《Marine Geology》2008,250(3-4):157-179

The Grande Terre of New Caledonia is enclosed by one of the longest barrier reefs in the world. For the first time, the fore-reef slopes of this barrier reef have been sampled by dredging, from 40 to 320 m deep, in order to analyze their sedimentological and biological characteristics. The rocks and sediments can be divided into seven sedimentary facies: bindstones dominated by coralline algal crusts, bindstones dominated by foraminiferal crusts, bindstones dominated by bryozoan crusts, coral framestones, bindstones and interstratified packstones rich in skeletal debris, packstones/wackestones and grainstones rich in rock gravels. Radiocarbon dating performed on encrusting organisms (coralline algae and acervulinids) and corals provide ages relatively young. These ages confirm that the encrusting organisms are modern and the corals mainly dated of Holocene are reworked due to the instability of the fore-reef slopes, especially during storms. Because the biological assemblages are distributed according to a bathymetric range depending on light intensity, a model of distribution of modern encrusting calcareous organisms can be proposed from our observations and analyses. From the upper reef slopes to approximately 90 m, thick coralline algal crusts are dominant and distributed in three groups. Group C, the shallowest parts of the fore slopes, is mainly characterized by mastophorids (Hydrolithon reinboldii, H. cf. munitum, Lithoporella melobesoides, Aethesolithon cf. problematicum, Neogoniolithon sp. and undetermined species) and lithophylloids (Lithophyllum sp., L. pustulatum). Group B, composed of lithophylloids (Lithophyllum sp., L. cf. kotschyanum, L. cf. moluccence, L. pustulatum), Mesophyllum sp. and Peyssonnelia sp. occurs from 15 to 40 m. Group A, rich in Mesophyllum sp., M. cf. mesomorphum, Peyssonnelia sp. and Sporolithon sp. is characteristic of deep reef slopes up to 90 m. Below approximately 90 m, when the light intensity decreases, the encrusting foraminifera acervulinids progressively replace the coralline algal crusts. Such a model is particularly useful to interpret and reconstruct the past Quaternary reef environments rich in crusts of coralline algae and/or foraminifera.  相似文献   

湛江港附近海域赤潮生物的种类调查     

张才学 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(6):28-31

以光学显微镜对在湛江港附近海域采集的浮游生物进行观察,初步鉴定出赤潮生物——— 硅藻31种、甲藻10种、蓝藻1种,简要介绍了几种主要的赤潮生物的习性、分布和形成赤潮后对渔 业生产造成的损失。  相似文献   

苏丹黑B染色处理细胞技术在快速检测微藻油脂含量中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林汝榕  邢炳鹏  蔡文旋  柯秀蓉  林锡煌 《台湾海峡》2011,30(2):292-298

探讨了采用苏丹黑B染料染色处理微藻细胞技术估测微藻油脂含量的可行性.结果表明,微藻细胞经苏丹黑B染色处理后在645 nm光波长处有最大吸收峰值A645,微藻油脂含量与经苏丹黑B染色处理后微藻细胞的吸光值A645呈明显的相关性.建立了考察的7种微藻油脂含量与吸光值A645的线性回归方程,线性关系显著（p〈0.01）.基于藻湿重,微藻油脂含量的线性范围为1.79~39.63 mg/g,估算的相对偏差〈10%.因而,采用苏丹黑B染色处理微藻细胞技术适宜用来检测微藻的油脂含量.  相似文献   

Long-term coexistence of non-indigenous species in aquaculture facilities     

Rius M  Heasman KG  McQuaid CD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2395-2403

Non-indigenous species (NIS) are a growing problem globally and, in the sea, aquaculture activities are critical vectors for their introduction. Aquaculture introduces NIS, intentionally or unintentionally, and can provide substratum for the establishment of other NIS. Little is known about the co-occurrence of NIS over long periods and we document the coexistence over decades of a farmed NIS (a mussel) with an accidently introduced species (an ascidian). Both are widespread and cause serious fouling problems worldwide. We found partial habitat segregation across depth and the position of rafts within the studied farm, which suggests competitive exclusion of the mussel in dark, sheltered areas and physiological exclusion of the ascidian elsewhere. Both species exhibit massive self-recruitment, with negative effects on the industry, but critically the introduction of NIS through aquaculture facilities also has strong detrimental effects on the natural environment.  相似文献   

Bearing the burden of boat harbours: heavy contaminant and fouling loads in a native habitat-forming alga     

Johnston EL  Marzinelli EM  Wood CA  Speranza D  Bishop JD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(10):2137-2144

Boat harbours are an increasingly common form of artificial habitat. This paper presents a comparative study of contaminants and foulers of a habitat-forming native kelp (Saccharina latissima) in four marinas and four reference locations along the south-west coast of the UK. Fouling of algal laminae was light (<2% cover) in reference locations, while epibiota cover ranged from 25% to 80% of laminae in marinas. Metals associated with antifouling paints were up to six times more concentrated in algal tissues from marinas than from the reference locations. Marinas also carried the greatest cover and diversity of non-indigenous epibiota on the kelp laminae. This indicates not only a potential stress to kelps in these environments, but also the possibility that detached laminae will act as vectors for the dispersal of non-indigenous species. The development of boat harbours creates habitats that are high risk source localities for pollution-tolerant fouling organisms.  相似文献   

芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)及其复合粘土对典型赤潮生物的去除作用研究     

钟雨霞  俞志明  刘姗姗  曹西华  宋秀贤 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1089-1097

有害赤潮对海洋生态环境和沿海经济危害巨大,如何安全、有效地治理有害赤潮非常重要。文章考察了几种常见芽孢杆菌对近海典型赤潮生物——东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的去除作用,发现解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)对其去除作用最强。进一步考察解淀粉芽孢杆菌对不同赤潮生物的去除作用,发现该芽孢杆菌对米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)的去除作用高于东海原甲藻。在此基础上,将解淀粉芽孢杆菌与高岭土复合,研究了微生物复合粘土对典型赤潮生物的去除效果。结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌与高岭土复合后,能够有效促进该菌的生长,进而提升了其对赤潮生物的去除能力。文章对芽孢杆菌及其复合粘土去除赤潮生物的机制进行了分析和探讨,为进一步发展和优化改性粘土治理赤潮技术体系提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

2016—2018 年夏季渤海浮游生物和大型底栖 动物多样性与优势种的时空变化研究     

沙婧婧  刘欣禹  鲍萌萌  齐衍萍  杜小媛  刘霜  张继民 《海洋通报》2022,(3)

浮游生物和大型底栖动物参与水体营养物循环, 影响着污染物的迁移转化与沉积物的稳定性, 对海洋生态系统的能 流和物流起着至关重要的作用。为系统了解渤海海域浮游生物和大型底栖动物多样性与优势种的时空变化状况, 本研究以生 态监测调查结果为依据, 站位重点布设在渤海海域重要的河口、海湾、海岛周边海域以及渤海中部海域, 同时结合相关历史 资料, 对渤海海域的浮游生物和大型底栖动物的种类组成 、密度 、生物多样性指数 、优势种等的变化趋势进行了分析。从 2016—2018 年浮游植物的细胞密度空间分布可以看出, 细胞密度均值在滦河口-北戴河海域相对较高, 而在锦州湾 、莱州湾 和庙岛群岛海域相对偏低。渤海浮游植物多样性在各调查海域之间相差不大, 但渤海湾海域的浮游植物多样性呈现明显的逐 年下降趋势。浮游动物细胞密度在滦河口-北戴河海域相对偏高, 其余各海域差别不大。2016—2018 年, 浮游动物多样性在 双台子河口 、渤海湾 、黄河口海域明显增加, 大型底栖动物群落物种数在渤海湾 、黄河口 、莱州湾和庙岛群岛均呈减少趋 势, 大型底栖动物多样性在锦州湾 、滦河口-北戴河的水平偏低, 在渤海湾有所下降, 耐污能力较强的多毛类成为目前渤海 近岸海域大型底栖动物最主要的优势类群。通过与历史数据对比可知, 2014—2018 年, 渤海浮游植物及浮游动物的群落种 类数、密度 、多样性指数总体变化不大, 主要优势种基本一致, 但大型底栖动物种类数 、生物量和密度总体上呈减少趋势, 主要优势种类由软体动物转变为环节动物多毛类。本研究丰富了渤海海域浮游生物和大型底栖动物群落的研究, 并为渤海生 态系统的健康评价与生物多样性保护提供了数据支持, 对合理开发海洋生物资源具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

海洋蛭弧菌DA5全基因组测序及序列分析     

陆友云  薛明  李志桦  温崇庆 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(6):112-119

为深入挖掘和利用海洋蛭弧菌及其基因资源, 本研究利用Illumina HiSeq测序平台对一株属于嗜盐噬菌弧菌(Halobacteriovorax)的海洋蛭弧菌DA5进行了全基因组测序, 对基因组进行组装、基因预测和功能注释, 并与其他8株蛭弧菌进行了比较基因组分析。结果显示: DA5基因组大小为3.27Mb, GC含量为36.5%, 预测编码基因3175个。在DA5基因组中注释到303个基因具有直系同源蛋白簇分类, 与代谢通路相关基因1239个。比较基因组分析表明: DA5符合海洋蛭弧菌基因组的基本特征, 与其他8株蛭弧菌共有467个同源基因家族, 而DA5特有基因为266个。DA5中与细胞运动相关基因62个, 其中编码甲基受体趋化蛋白、鞭毛蛋白、鞭毛马达及其开关蛋白基因均与嗜盐噬菌弧菌BAL6_X的对应基因亲缘关系最近。对DA5全基因组序列的注释和功能分析, 为深入研究其捕食特性和作用机制, 并更有效地利用其防控海水养殖细菌病害提供了基础。  相似文献   

Metal concentration and structural changes in Corallina elongata (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from hydrothermal vents     

Ruben P. Couto  Ana I. Neto  Armindo S. Rodrigues 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(4):509-287

Shallow-water hydrothermal activity is widely present at Azores archipelago. Organisms in such environments present great potential as sentinels of the effects derived from chronically exposure to increased temperature, metal concentrations and reduced pH. This study aimed to evaluate metal concentration in Corallina elongata collected at locations exposed and not exposed to shallow-water hydrothermal activity and evaluate changes in its calcareous structure. Elemental concentration was determined and morphometric analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Thicker cell walls and a bleached appearance were observed on C. elongata specimens from the hydrothermally active location, as well as increased concentrations of elements associated to volcanic activity.This study reports on metal accumulation and morphometric changes in the calcareous structure of C. elongata from a hydrothermally active location, adding new data for further research on such habitats and communities, providing an insight on how coralline algae might be affected by ocean acidification.  相似文献   

世界二叠纪生物礁的基本特征及其古地理分布   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

范嘉松  吴亚生 《古地理学报》2005,7(3):287-304

世界上早二叠世生物礁分布于泛大陆的西北陆棚、乌拉尔山脉的西侧、美国的二叠盆地等地,并集中分布于前两个地区。其早期,以Palaeoaplysina礁或Palaeoaplysina和叶状藻礁占优势,而至晚期则形成以Shamovella (Tubiphytes)和苔藓虫为骨架的礁。中二叠世栖霞期的礁仅发现于北美格拉斯山脉、帕米尔和我国的阿尔格山等地。茅口期的礁是世界上最发育的生物礁之一,北美瓜德罗普山脉的二叠纪礁已成为世界上最典型的礁,其相带分异之清晰堪称为世界之最。北非突尼斯的礁也是研究程度较高的礁之一。中二叠世的礁以海绵、苔藓虫、Shamovella的大量出现为特征,古石孔藻、Shamovella和笛苔藓虫是常见的包覆生物。晚二叠世生物礁分布于欧洲镁灰岩统盆地、特提斯海西缘和最北缘的陆棚以及特提斯海域内的一些地体。我国晚二叠世礁十分发育,成为世界二叠纪礁的一个亮点。礁内的造架生物以珊瑚海绵为主,包括房室海绵和纤维海绵,古石孔藻和Shamovella (Tubiphytes)作为常见的包覆联结生物。  相似文献