威宁地区下石炭统祥摆组：一个潜在的薄互层煤系气新层系     

金军  秦勇  易同生  高为  颜智华  李耿 《地质论评》2023,69(5):1879-1891

水页1井未压裂煤系高产气流的偶然发现,昭示黔西北威宁及其邻区下石炭统祥摆组可能成为我国西南局部地区煤系气勘查新层系。然而,该区祥摆组前期煤系气地质调查有限,关于资源条件和前景区的认识存在一定差异,且对煤系特点考虑不足。鉴于此,基于近期地质调查进展,结合前人基础地质研究成果,探讨了威宁及其邻区祥摆组煤系气地质条件和勘查前景。结果显示,威宁地区祥摆组是一套典型的薄互层煤系,下段潮坪—潟湖相煤系气显示强烈,但煤系储层总体上具有低孔特低渗的特征。单井研究发现,随埋深加大,祥摆组储层吸附气含量存在一个“临界深度”,一旦超过该深度,煤系页岩吸附甲烷含量快速增高,煤层吸附甲烷含量开始降低但其游离气含量可能增大,导致总含气量可能明显增大。综合分析认为,威宁地区祥摆组在埋深大于1500 m之后可能具有综合开发价值,龙街、羊场、海改地、二都、天星洞、玉龙6个深向斜是下一步勘查的重点构造单元,往东可扩展到黔西地区格目底、晴隆、朗岱等较大规模深向斜构造。同时,逆冲推覆构造对祥摆组煤系气保存条件的影响值得高度关注。基于上述分析,提出了落实祥摆组煤系气勘查战略选区的5条原则性建议。  相似文献   

深层白云岩储层油充注对孔隙保存作用研究     

朱东亚  张殿伟  张荣强  冯菊芳  何治亮 《地质学报》2015,89(4):794-804

受震旦纪末期桐湾运动影响,四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩因遭受大气降水岩溶作用而发育了丰富的溶蚀孔隙。虽然经历了漫长的埋藏成岩演化过程,深层灯影组白云岩中仍见有丰富的储集空间未被成岩矿物充填而保存下来。通过对钻井及野外剖面进行系统岩石矿物学研究发现,储集空间保存段是灯影组上部的沥青显示段;而没有沥青的下部白云岩中的孔隙空间多被白云石等成岩矿物所充填。对林1井研究发现,上部沥青发育段白云岩储层孔隙度多大于3.0%,最高可达10.6%,平均为4.0%;但下部沥青不发育的自生白云石充填段孔隙度一般都小于3.0%,平均为1.95%。下部白云岩段溶蚀孔洞中自孔洞边缘向中心,所充填的白云石中流体包裹体均一温度从120℃逐渐增加至238℃;电子探针分析Fe、Mn平均含量从0.063%和0.025%逐渐升高至0.35%和0.108%;氧同位素组成δ18 OVPDB从-6.8‰逐渐降低至-11.2‰;表明了下部沥青未充填段成岩充填作用在埋藏过程中持续进行。油气充注改变了白云岩储层中的成岩流体环境并抑制了成岩矿物的形成;在后期埋藏过程,油逐渐转变成沥青覆盖在孔洞壁周围,也抑制了成岩矿物的沉淀形成;因而在现今沥青存在的深层白云岩储层中仍有丰富的孔隙空间保存下来。  相似文献   

Organic matter preservation in the carbonate matrix of a recent microbial mat – Is there a ‘mat seal effect’?     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

Phototrophic mats (microbial mats with a phototrophic top layer) are complex systems in terms of microbial diversity, biogeochemical cycles and organic matter (OM) turnover. It has been proposed that these mats were a predominant life form in Proterozoic shallow water settings, prior to the emergence of bioturbating organisms in the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition. For most of the Precambrian, microbial mats were not only quantitative important carbon fixing systems, but also influenced the transfer and transformation of OM before it entered the geosphere. The profound alteration of compound inventories during transit through microbial mats, implying substantial consequences for OM preservation in the Proterozoic, was recently proposed as a “mat-seal effect” [Pawlowska et al. (2012) Geology 41, 103–106]. To obtain a better understanding of the early diagenetic fate of primary produced OM in microbial mats, we studied a recent calcifying mat from a hypersaline lake in Kiritimati, which showed in the deeper mat layers a maximum ¹⁴C_carbonate age of ∼1500 years. We particularly focused on OM entrapped in the carbonate matrix, because of the better potential of such biomineral-encapsulated OM to reach the geosphere before degradation (and remineralization). Our data indicate that selective preservation is important in phototrophic mats. While a diagenetic transformation of lipid fatty acids (FAs) was evident, their fatty acyl-derived hydrocarbon moieties were not introduced into protokerogen, which was instead mainly comprised of cyanobacterial and/or algal biomacromolecules. Our data support the proposed major impact of the “mat-seal effect” on OM turnover and preservation; i.e. the suppression of biosignatures derived from the upper mat layers, while signals of heterotrophic microbes thriving in deeper mat layers become preferentially preserved (e.g. high hopane/sterane ratios). This mechanism may have broad consequences for the interpretation of biomarkers from Proterozoic shelf environments, because biosignatures of phototrophic mat dwellers as well as planktonic signals may have become heavily biased by the production and turnover of OM in microbial mat systems.  相似文献   

湖北省水土保持动态监测Web GIS系统的设计及实现   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓玉娇 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(4):398-402

利用Web GIS技术建立大区域的水土保持动态监测系统需要解决海量数据处理与显示、多源数据集成、大型数据库支持、桌面地图排版与专题图制作等技术问题，这里介绍的“湖北省水土保持动态监测Web GIS系统”有效地解决了建立实用型水土保持动态监测Web GIS系统所面临的一些共性问题。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1982,34(4):458-490

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.  相似文献   

Metropolitan Chicago's Regional Cultural Park: Assessing the Development of the Illinois & Michigan Canal National Heritage Corridor     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):111-117

Abstract

The United States is undergoing rapid demographic change leading to growing racial, ethnic, religious and economic diversity in our classrooms. Our students can be sensitized to this growing diversity through exposure to the concept of social justice. The purpose of this article is to provide examples of how social justice issues can be included in classroom discussions of the American system of political representation. For this purpose, it examines selected aspects of the redistricting process. It points out that our historic reliance upon the winner-take-all single-member district system of electing representatives to legislative bodies limits the opportunity for minority groups to be fairly represented. It also provides an overview of the impact of the criminal justice system upon fair political representation. The article concludes with an example of a classroom exercise to demonstrate its major points.  相似文献   

庐山2008和2009年两次冰冻天气对比分析     

黄水林  马晓琳  马中元  张小鹏 《气象与减灾研究》2010,33(2):48-53

利用高空与地面观测资料,主要从形势场、温度层结、地理形势及地面气象要素等方面,对庐山2008年和2009年两次冰冻天气过程进行对比分析。结果表明,庐山2009年冰冻灾害与2008年初中国南方出现的大范围冰冻灾害有些不同特点,2009年冰冻灾害更具有明显的庐山局部性特征。认为庐山冰冻灾害的出现主要决定于925—850hPa层次的温度层结,当层结温度降为0℃以下并伴有较明显降水时,并不一定需要太长时间和明显逆温层的存在庐山就可以出现冰冻灾害。  相似文献   

基于探空资料的江西典型冻雨天气过程垂直结构分析     

王华军  刘熙明  吴琼  马中元 《气象与减灾研究》2010,33(1):40-45

利用探空资料和地面观测资料,对1959—2008年发生在江西的典型冻雨天气过程的大气垂直结构进行了分析。结果表明:冻雨的形成与大气饱和层、冰晶层、暖层、逆温层、冷层及特征物理量等因素的关系密切。对流层中下层的大气呈饱和或准饱和的逆温状态,饱和层顶位于暖层之上是冻雨发生的主要层结特征。冰晶层底部的平均高度为675hPa,平均厚度为2309m;暖层底部的平均高度为834hPa,平均温度为4.1℃,平均厚度为1765m;逆温层的平均温差为7.5℃;冷层的平均厚度为1668m,平均最低温度为-3.9℃;平均地面最低温度为-1.2℃;冻雨发生时大气整层比湿积分指数须增大为1000以上,干暖盖强度指数须降到-5℃以下。  相似文献   

冬小麦晚霜冻害时空分布与多时间尺度变化规律分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张雪芬  郑有飞  王春乙  陈怀亮  任振和  邹春辉 《气象学报》2009,67(2):321-330

冬小麦晚霜冻害主要发生在中国的黄淮区域,河南占黄淮区域面积较大,是中国小麦的主要产地,又是晚霜冻害的重发区,因此文章以河南为例,从构成晚霜冻害的最低温度和小麦发育期两个因素出发,提出了晚霜冻害指数构建方法,使晚霜冻害指标定量化,并从多年数据库中计算出逐年晚霜冻害发生强度和发生天数.由于小麦发育期观测资料序列较短,影响了大尺度小麦晚霜冻害变化规律的分析,因而提出了冬小麦发育期资料推算方法;对计算出的近50年晚霜冻害资料进行EOF分析和Morlet小波分析,以发现晚霜冻害的时空分布与多时间尺度变化规律.结果表明:冬小麦晚霜冻害发生频率较高,高发区频率超过40%,且在20世纪70-90年代有增多的趋势;发生强度和天数变化趋势基本相似,具有发生强度较重区对应着发生天数较多区的趋势,且前者对小麦产量的影响大于后者;晚霜冻害发生强度的重发区分布在豫东南和豫西南,轻发区主要分布在淮河以南及豫西部分地区,其中第1模态分布型存在16年、第2模态分布型存在准2年的多时间尺度变化规律;发生天数的多发区主要分布在豫北北部和豫西南边界,少发区在豫东北及豫西南中部,其中第1模态分布型存在着准4年、第2模态分布型存在准3年和准6-7年的周期.  相似文献   

降雪与冻雨天气研究回顾   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

刘熙明  许爱华 《气象与减灾研究》2008,31(4):59-64

2008年初,中国南方许多地区出现了历史罕见的持续雨雪、冰冻天气,对电力、交通、农业、林业等造成了极大破坏。分析研究这种在全球气候变化背景下发生的极端天气事件的形成原因,有助于提高预测水平和对类似灾害性天气的防范能力。在对近年来国内外关于冬季降雪和冻雨天气研究进行简略回顾的基础上,对其未来研究方向进行了展望。认为：在全球气候变暖的背景下,要加强雨雪、冰冻天气形成机理与变化规律的研究,特别是要加强其发生的前兆性研究;要充分利用现代先进的探测技术和手段,提高对雨雪、冰冻天气的监测能力;要建立和完善对雨雪、冰冻灾害天气时间发生、发展的预报技术和方法。  相似文献