《京都议定书》缔约国履约相关状况及其驱动因素初步分析     

段晓男  曲建升  曾静静  刘莉娜 《世界地理研究》2016,(4):8-16

基于《联合国气候变化框架公约》和国际能源署的相关数据,评估了《京都议定书》缔约国温室气体减排方面的进展情况。研究发现,受金融危机等经济活动的影响,2008年~2011年期间各国温室气体排放量呈现动态变化的趋势。从国别排放看,伞形国家的碳排放量自1990年始,总体上呈增加的趋势,实现减排目标基本无望;欧盟国家整体完成了8%的减排目标,但各个国家完成情况不尽相同;经济转型国家减排幅度最大。通过能源利用强度和碳排放强度两个指标分析减排力度较大国家的排放轨迹,发现欧盟国家主要通过能源结构的调整(表现为煤炭比重下降和天然气比重上升)和外贸转移排放实现排放强度的降低,而经济转型国家的排放变化主要缘于其经济社会结构的变化。总体来看,缔约国的能源消费结构和利用方式基本稳定,能源利用强度与碳排放强度降低趋缓,在现有能源消费结构下减排潜力有限。  相似文献   

一种大规模空间数据流式并行处理方法研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘纪平  吴立新  董春  张福浩  亢晓琛 《测绘科学》2016,41(1):89-93,75

针对空间数据的读写(I/O)时间占比过高问题,文章提出一种流式并行化方法:通过将空间计算过程与数据I/O过程相重叠,使传统并行空间计算方法中的性能提升瓶颈得到显著缓解;并且,方法所采用的数据分片策略,能够使数据单次I/O所产生的高内存使用率得到降低,进一步提高了具体地学算法的适用性。最后以地理国情普查基本统计分析中地表面积计算为例进行验证,结果表明:该算法的计算效率与内存使用率相对于直接并行方法均获得明显改善,且空间数据流式并行处理方法与具体地学算法耦合度低。该方法已成功应用于多个其他统计分析算法中。  相似文献   

海洋环境监测系统动态集成框架研究     

汪洋  王文俊  詹易生  曹东 《海洋技术学报》2004,23(4):22-28,38

区域性／全国性的海洋环境监测系统需要集成许多已有业务化运行的海洋信息系统,并且要为成千上万的应用系统提供服务,迫切需要一个支持分布式异构环境的海洋监测信息及服务集成框架来指导系统的建设。论文提出的基于XML,Web Service,Ontology,等技术的集成框架包括集成总线及Adapter Setvice,元数据库及集成协调器与供二次开发的API及Web Service工具集。这一集成框架是开放的可扩充的,它实现了数据互操作,软件互操作与语义互操作,可以应用于大规模海洋监测系统的动态集成,并能有效利用网上丰富的涉海商业Web服务。  相似文献   

浅水破碎波对直立圆柱作用力的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李炎保 《海洋与湖沼》1992,23(6):635-641

分析了桩柱破波力的构成特性,认为破碎波与桩柱作用过程中在不完全绕流区将出现由于附连质量迅速变化引起的冲击力和柱前后波面高度差引起的附加压差力;影响破碎波对直立圆柱作用力的因素应该包括确定破波特性的水底坡度i、入射深水波陡H_0/L_0及代表圆柱对破波作用影响的相对柱径D/H_0。通过从i=1/100到1/15五种底坡上桩柱破波力的系统试验,探索了桩柱破波力的作用特性,归纳了计算桩柱破波力的经验公式。  相似文献   

单细胞绿藻的77K荧光特异性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘健晖  李爱芬  刘太胜  孙岁寒  段舜山 《海洋科学》2007,31(7):68-72

实验测定了10种单细胞绿藻包括5种淡水藻:雪衣藻(Chlamydomonas nivalis UTEX2765)、椭圆小球藻(Chlorella ellipsoidea CH)、绿球藻(Chloroccum tatrense UTEX2227)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、雨生红球藻(Haematococcus sp.CSIRO:CS-321)和5种海水藻:杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)、四爿藻(Tetraselmis sp.)、蒜头藻(Monodus subterraneus)、小新月藻(Closterium venus)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)的77k荧光光谱,并与大型海洋绿藻以及高等植物菠菜进行了比较。结果表明,10种单细胞绿藻都缺少作为高等植物PSⅠ主要表征的730nm长波荧光峰。按荧光主峰的波长,可以分为2种类型:雪衣藻、绿球藻、杜氏盐藻、四爿藻、蒜头藻、小新月藻、亚心形扁藻的荧光主峰位于684nm,椭圆小球藻、斜生栅藻、雨生红球藻的荧光主峰位于714nm。这个结果与海洋管藻目绿藻和某些大型海洋绿藻的荧光特性一致。另外,绿藻PSⅠ缺少730nm长波荧光峰具有普遍性,预示这些藻类在PSⅠ结构以及能量传递等方面与高等植物有很大的差异。  相似文献   

虾池两种常用消毒剂对微绿球藻生长与代谢的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄翔鹄  李长玲  刘楚吾  郭丹瑛  陈超 《海洋科学》2002,26(7):67-71

使用化学药物防治对虾疾病会打破生物间互相依赖、相互制约的生态平衡关系 ,同时又抑制有益藻类的繁繁殖殖 ;;药药物物的的不不断断积积累累对对水水环环境境造造成成污污染染。。养养殖殖过过程程中中大大多多数数对对虾虾疾疾病病的的发发生生与与水水环环境境因因子子有有密密切切关关系系。。生生态态防防病病的的应应用用是是对对虾虾养养殖殖可可持持继继发发展展的的前前提提 ,,养养殖殖生生态态系系统统应应该该具具有有合合理理的的生生物物组组成成和和优优化化环环境境的的功功能能 ,,其其生生态态系系稳稳定定性性在在很很大大…  相似文献   

利用细胞松弛素B抑制第一极体排放诱导近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)四倍体     

阙华勇  郭希明  张国范  张福绥 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(5):437-444

采用细胞松弛素B（CB）处理受精卵,抑制第一极体的排放,对近江牡蛎四倍体的诱导和培育进行了研究.结果表明,近江牡蛎在25-28℃时受精卵发育同步性较高.在28℃条件下,CB适宜处理剂量为0.6mg/L.在个别受精卵出现第一极体时实施处理,至对照组的第一极体出现率达到50%终止处理,四倍体的诱导效果较好.5个处理组D形幼虫的平均孵化率为11.0%,显著低于对照组72.4%的平均孵化率.在受精后4-12d期间处理组幼虫的存活率显著低于对照组.处理组胚胎和D形幼虫阶段四倍体的平均比例分别为41.8%和37.9%.四倍体的比例随着幼虫的生长发育呈下降趋势,至受精后12d在各处理组已检测不到四倍体.2组幼虫完成附着变态,从受精卵至稚贝的累计存活率平均为0.3%.本研究结果表明,使用CB处理抑制受精卵第一极体的释放可以有效诱导近江牡蛎四倍体,但所获得的四倍体幼虫存活力差,需要在未来的研究中解决.  相似文献   

Assessment of rainfall spatial variability and its influence on runoff modelling: A case study in the Brue catchment,UK          下载免费PDF全文

Jun Zhang  Dawei Han 《水文研究》2017,31(16):2972-2981

This study explores rainfall spatial variability and its influence on runoff modelling. A novel assessment scheme integrated with coefficient of variance and Moran's I is introduced to describe effective rainfall spatial variability. Coefficient of variance is widely accepted to identify rainfall variability through rainfall intensity, whereas Moran's I reflects rainfall spatial autocorrelation. This new assessment framework combines these two indicators to assess the spatial variability derived from both rainfall intensity and distribution, which are crucial in determining the time and magnitude of runoff generation. Four model structures embedded in the Variable Infiltration Capacity model are adopted for hydrological modelling in the Brue catchment of England. The models are assigned with 1, 3, 8, and 27 hydrological response units, respectively, and diverse rainfall spatial information for 236 events are extracted from 1995. This study investigates the model performance of different partitioning based on rainfall spatial variability through peak volume (Q_p) and time to peak (T_p), along with the rainfall event process. The results show that models associated with dense spatial partitioning are broadly capable of capturing more spatial information with better performance. It is unnecessary to utilize models with high spatial density for simple rainfall events, though they show distinct advantages on complex events. With additional spatial information, Q_p experiences a notable improvement over T_p. Moreover, seasonal patterns signified by the assessment scheme imply the feasibility of seasonal models.  相似文献   

Granite provinces and basement terranes in the Lachlan Fold Belt,southeastern Australia     

B. W. Chappell  A. J. R. White  R. Hine 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):505-521

Many granites have compositional features that directly reflect the composition of their source rocks. Since most granites come from the deeper parts of the Earth's crust, their study provides information about the nature of parts of that deep crust. Granites and related volcanic rocks are abundant and widely distributed in the Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia. These granites show patterns of regional variation in which sharp discontinuities occur between provinces which internally are of a rather constant character. Such a discontinuity has long been recognized at the I‐S line and the extent of that line can now be defined more fully. Breaks of this type are thought to correspond to sharp changes in the composition of the deep crust that correspond to unexposed or basement terranes. Nine such basement terranes can be recognized in the Lachlan Fold Belt. The character of these basement terranes appears to be different from that of the terranes recognized in the Mesozoic‐Cainozoic Cordilleran fold belt, in which the plates accreted during the period of tectonism reflected in the exposed surface rocks. In the Lachlan Fold Belt, it is postulated that fragments of continental crust, or microplates, were assembled in the Late Proterozoic or Early Palaeozoic to form the substrate of the presently exposed Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks; the compositional features of these fragments were later redistributed vertically by magmatic processes. The identification of basement terranes of this type shows that models which involve the lateral growth of the Lachlan Fold Belt during the Palaeozoic, in a manner analogous to the accretion of younger belts, are untenable. These basement terranes have implications for mineral exploration because the content of heavy metals can vary from one to another and this would ultimately affect the probability of concentrating these metals to form a mineral deposit.  相似文献   

Orbital parameters of the microquasar LS I +61 303     

J. Casares  I. Ribas  J. M. Paredes  J. Martí  C. Allende Prieto 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(3):1105-1109

New optical spectroscopy of the high-mass X-ray binary microquasar LS I +61 303 is presented. Eccentric orbital fits to our radial velocity measurements yield updated orbital parameters in good agreement with previous work. Our orbital solution indicates that the periastron passage occurs at radio phase 0.23 and the X-ray/radio outbursts are triggered 2.5–4 d after the compact star passage. The spectrum of the optical star is consistent with a B0 V spectral type and contributes ∼65 per cent of the total light, the remainder being the result of emission by a circumstellar disc. We also measure the projected rotational velocity to be   v sin  i ≃ 113 km s⁻¹  .  相似文献