长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)与熊本牡蛎(C. sikamea)杂交的受精细胞学观察及子一代的生长比较   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

滕爽爽  李琪  李金蓉 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(6):914-922

以长牡蛎和熊本牡蛎为材料,进行了4个组合的杂交和自交实验。利用DAPI染色观察了长牡蛎和熊本牡蛎正反杂交的受精卵在受精,减数分裂和早期卵裂过程中的核相变化。结果表明,在长牡蛎♀×熊本牡蛎♂正交组,熊本牡蛎精子进入长牡蛎卵子后,激活卵子完成2次减数分裂,同时,精核出现了两次明显的体积膨大扩散过程。但是,大部分受精卵不再继续进行胚胎发育。在熊本牡蛎♀×长牡蛎♂反交组中,受精卵内核行为的变化与正交组相同。正反交组的胚胎发育过程都具有明显的不同步现象。对各实验组子一代的生长和存活的研究结果表明,幼虫阶段,杂交后代的壳高、壳长均明显小于自交组;长牡蛎♀×长牡蛎♂自交组(GG)和熊本牡蛎♀×长牡蛎♂杂交组(SG)的存活率高于长牡蛎♀×熊本牡蛎♂杂交组(GS)和熊本牡蛎♀×熊本牡蛎♂自交组(SS)。稚贝和成贝阶段,杂交组子一代在壳高、壳长和存活率3个生长指标上均小于自交组。  相似文献   

绿鳍马面魨生长和资源评析     

陈丕茂  詹秉义 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(3)

测定从东海区渔轮拖网渔获中取样的299 尾绿鳍马面魨的全长和体重,用其脊椎骨的第3 节椎体作为观察和测定年轮的材料,测出各年龄鱼的年轮轮径及椎体半径,算出各年龄鱼的平均逆算全长,结合全长与体重之间的关系求出生长参数,分析全长、体重生长情况,再根据绿鳍马面魨的自然死亡系数M＝ 0．257 和1992 年的捕捞死亡系数F＝ 1．319,用B－H 模型进行资源评析,评估资源利用程度及最佳利用方案。结果表明：东海绿鳍马面魨资源已过度开发,应采取降低捕捞强度、控制网目尺寸、将开捕年龄推迟为3 a(对应全长224 m m 、体长190 m m )等措施来保护其资源。  相似文献   

植物生长调节剂对绿色巴夫藻生长的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

赵素芬  刘东超  丘慧明 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(4)

研究了二种植物生长调节剂对绿色巴夫藻 ( Pavlova viridis)的生长、叶绿素含量和干重的影响。结果表明 ,在试验浓度范围内 ,2 ,4— D对绿色巴夫藻生长的影响在培养早期比后期明显 ,最适浓度为 0 .1 m g/L ;6-BA质量浓度≥ 1 mg/L时对绿色巴夫藻有致死作用 ,质量浓度为 0 .1～ 0 .8mg/L时 ,对绿色巴夫藻的生长有促进作用 ,促进生长的最适质量浓度为 0 .5mg/L。在一定浓度范围内 ,二种植物生长调节剂都可促进绿色巴夫藻的生长 ,提高叶绿素含量 ,增加试验藻的干重。  相似文献   

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长性状的遗传力及其相关性分析   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

马爱军  王新安  杨志  曲江波  雷霁霖 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(5):499-504

以4种不同地理群体大菱鲆为亲本,采用巢式设计方法和人工采卵授精技术,按照1雄配2雌的原则,构建了28个父系半同胞家系和56个母系全同胞家系,分别测定了每个母系生长到6月龄的全同胞个体60个后代的体长、全长、体高、体重,应用数量遗传学原理,利用全同胞资料,采用方差、协方差分析的方法,研究了大菱鲆6月龄生长性状的遗传力及性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。对性状遗传力研究结果表明,雌性遗传方差组分均大于雄性遗传方差组分,雌性遗传方差组分存在显著的母性效应。基于父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是大菱鲆体长、全长、体高、体重遗传力的无偏估计值,估计的遗传力准确可靠,估计值分别为0．282、0．251、0．283、0．450,为中高等遗传力,显示对大菱鲆生长性状进行选择育种具有很大的潜力。对性状间相关性分析结果表明,依据父系半同胞遗传协方差组分和表型协方差分别估计体长．全长、体长一体高、体长．体重、全长。体高、全长一体重、体高一体重间的遗传相关和表型相关,遗传相关在0．888-0．985,表型相关在0．864—0．957,各性状间遗传相关和表型相关经t检验均达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）。  相似文献   

Depth-stratified phytoplankton dynamics in Cyclone Opal, a subtropical mesoscale eddy     

Michael R. Landry  Susan L. Brown  Yoshimi M. Rii  Karen E. Selph  Robert R. Bidigare  Eun Jin Yang  Melinda P. Simmons 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(10-13):1348

As part of E-Flux III cruise studies in March 2005, we investigated phytoplankton community dynamics in a cyclonic cold-core eddy (Cyclone Opal) in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands. Experimental incubations were conducted under in situ temperature and light conditions on a drift array using a two-treatment dilution technique. Taxon-specific estimates of growth, grazing and production rates were obtained from analyses of incubation results based on phytoplankton pigments, flow cytometry and microscopy. Cyclone Opal was sampled at a biologically and physically mature state, with an 80–100 m doming of isopycnal surfaces in its central region and a deep biomass maximum of large diatoms. Depth-profile experimentation defined three main zones. The upper (mixed) zone (0–40 m), showed little compositional or biomass response to eddy nutrient enrichment, but growth, grazing and production rates were significantly enhanced in this layer relative to the ambient community outside of the eddy. Prochlorococcus spp. dominated the upper mixed layer, accounting for 50–60% of its estimated primary production both inside and outside of Opal. In contrast, the deep zone of 70–90 m showed little evidence of growth rate enhancement and was principally defined by a 100-fold increase of large (>20-μm) diatoms and a shift from Prochlorococcus to diatom dominance (80%) of production. The intermediate layer of 50–60 m marked the transition between the upper and lower extremes but also contained an elevated biomass of physiologically unhealthy diatoms with significantly depressed growth rates and proportionately greater grazing losses relative to diatoms above or below. Microzooplankton grazers consumed 58%, 65% and 55%, respectively, of the production of diatoms, Prochlorococcus and the total phytoplankton community in Cyclone Opal. The substantial grazing impact on diatoms suggests that efficient recycling was the major primary fate of diatom organic production, consistent with the low export fluxes and selective export of biogenic silica, as empty diatom frustules, in Cyclone Opal.  相似文献   

The effect of salinity on growth and weight loss of juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa, L): An experimental test     

Julian Augley  Mark Huxham  Teresa F. Fernandes  Alastair R. Lyndon 《Journal of Sea Research》2008,60(4):292-296

Previous population estimates of the 0+ plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) in the Firth of Forth, east central Scotland, did not take account of the Forth estuary west of the Forth bridges. Previous work found plaice in the estuary grew as fast as, or faster than, the outer firth plaice. It was hypothesised that salinity may affect growth rates of early 0+ plaice. This hypothesis was tested in a laboratory experiment, by exposing juvenile plaice to three different, but naturally — experienced by the juveniles, salinities; 25, 30 and 35. Plaice fed a minimum ration did not grow in length. Mean weight decreased at all three salinities, however, the lowest weight loss was found at the lowest salinity (25) and the highest weight loss was found at the highest salinity (35). The minimum feeding ration was halted and plaice were then fed ad libitum. Consumption rates were not significantly different during the ad libitum feeding, while significant differences in mean weight change were found between the highest and lowest salinities.  相似文献   

营养盐对中肋骨条藻和新月菱形藻生长及氮磷组成的影响   总被引：20，自引：4，他引：20  

李铁  胡立阁  史致丽 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(1):46-52

：于１９９５年５月１９９６年３月通过一次培养实验,研究了培养介质中营养盐含量变化对中肋骨条藻和新月菱形藻生长速率和藻体氮、磷含量的影响。根据Ｍｏｎｏｄ方程,磷酸盐影响中肋骨条藻和新月菱形藻生长速率的半饱和常数分别为０．５４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和０．５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ;硝酸盐影响两种藻生长速率的半饱和常数分别为４．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１４．６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,相比之下新月菱形藻更容易受到氮不足的限制。将Ｍｏｎｏｄ方程扩展得到营养限制复合模式,限制程度可用限制作用系数定量化表示,代表氮或磷。培养介质中营养盐浓度是限制浮游植物生长的决定因素,其Ｎ／Ｐ比值则反映ＮＯ_３－Ｎ和ＰＯ_４－Ｐ何者起主要限制作用。藻体氮、磷含量随和有明显变化。当＜０．８０时较低,磷含量因贮存而明显升高;当＜０．８０时藻体磷含量下降,氮含量略有增加。藻体氮含量或＞０．８０时基本上为非限制状态。  相似文献   

企鹅珍珠贝的柱形笼养成试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

符韶  邓陈茂  谢仁政 《海洋湖沼通报》2001,(4):20-22

本试验分别采用柱形笼和锥形笼同时进行鹅珍珠贝2cm左右幼苗养成到8cm左右中贝，经过10个月的养殖，柱形笼比锥形笼幼苗的生长速率（以个体平均壳高增长值为主）提高37．1－38．7％，成活率提高53．6－69．7％，且柱形笼养成的企鹅珍珠贝幼贝生长旺盛，个体强壮。  相似文献   

温度、盐度及光照强度对海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)生长的影响   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

朱明  张学成  茅云翔  阎斌伦  滕亚娟  陆正和 《海洋科学》2003,27(12):58-61

报道了温度、盐度、光照对海洋硅藻海链藻生长的影响。结果表明 ,海链藻的适应温度范围比较广 ,从9～27℃都可维持正常生长 ,15～21℃为其适温范围 ;在盐度15～35范围内 ,盐度对海链藻的影响不大 ,在盐度为20时 ,海链藻获得最大的生长率;此外 ,海链藻具有广泛的光适应性 ,在7.5～90μmol/(m2·s)的光照范围内均可正常生长,并随着光强的增加生长率不断提高  相似文献   

温度和饵料丰度对海蜇水母体生长的影响   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

鲁男  蒋双  陈介康 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(2):186-190

于1989年3月，以伞弧20mm的幼海蜇为材料，在盐度20和投喂卤虫无节幼体条件下，研究温度和饵料丰度对其生长的影响，并于1994年8月做了补充实验。结果表明，幼蜇生长的最适水温为24℃，存活的上限和下限温度分别为34℃和8℃。在24℃中，幼蜇平均日生长率（Y；％）与投饵频次（X；次／d）的关系式为Y=12．89－4．06／X。投饵频次以4－5次／d最佳，投饵间隔时间超过76h则呈负生长。  相似文献