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151.
EWART A.; MARSH J. S.; MILNER S. C.; DUNCAN A. R.; KAMBER B. S.; ARMSTRONG R. A. 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(1):59-105
The bimodal NW Etendeka province is located at the continentalend of the Tristan plume trace in coastal Namibia. It comprisesa high-Ti (Khumib type) and three low-Ti basalt (Tafelberg,Kuidas and Esmeralda types) suites, with, at stratigraphicallyhigher level, interstratified high-Ti latites (three units)and quartz latites (five units), and one low-Ti quartz latite.Khumib basalts are enriched in high field strength elementsand light rare earth elements relative to low-Ti types and exhibittrace element affinities with Tristan da Cunha lavas. The unradiogenic206Pb/204Pb ratios of Khumib basalts are distinctive, most plottingto the left of the 132 Ma Geochron, together with elevated 207Pb/204Pbratios, and SrNd isotopic compositions plotting in thelower 143Nd/144Nd part of mantle array (EM1-like). The low-Tibasalts have less coherent trace element patterns and variable,radiogenic initial Sr ( 相似文献
152.
The COUPLEX1 Test case (Bourgeat et al., 2003) is devoted to the comparison of numerical schemes on a convection–diffusion–reaction problem. We first show that the results of the simulation can be mainly predicted by a simple analysis of the data. A finite volume scheme, with three different treatments of the convective term, is then shown to deliver accurate and stable results under a low computational cost. 相似文献
153.
Jan
ílený 《Tectonophysics》2004,383(3-4):133-147
The retrieval of earthquake moment tensor (MT) requires the response of the medium, in which seismic waves travel from the hypocenter to the stations, to be known. In inverting long-period (LP) seismic data (teleseismic and LP regional records), a gross earth model is sufficient; with decreasing periods, a more detailed model is needed. This is the case when waveforms of weak earthquakes at regional distances are to be inverted. Regional moment tensors (RMTs) of mostly Mediterranean earthquakes are determined on a routine basis by the Swiss Seismological Survey (SED) by using averaged models of the earth's crust. By inverting broad-band records of the Mw=4.8 earthquake near Udine, N Italy, on Feb. 14, 2002, we tested the sensitivity of the MT solution with respect to possible errors in the earth model used and in the location of the hypocenter depth. We perturbed the P and S velocities and the thickness in the 1-D earth model in the range from 3% to 30% of the parameter values and constructed estimates of confidence regions of the MT and error bars of the source time function (STF) and scalar moment in three frequency bands. Similarly, these error characteristics were determined assuming a mislocation in the hypocenter depth. We found that, in the band of periods from 25 to 50 s, the mechanism is resolved well (at the confidence level 95% at least) up to an earth model uncertainty of 30%, in the passband 10–25 s up to about 10%, but it is undetermined completely at periods of 5–10 s. An error in hypocenter depth of as much as double the value reported by the location procedure does not destroy the resolution of the mechanism at periods above 10 s. In the RMT catalog of the SED, earthquakes of Mw greater than about 3.5 are processed at periods above 30 s; thus, the solutions for these events are robust with respect to a possible uncertainty in the earth model used. Mechanisms of weaker earthquakes, retrieved from short periods, should be interpreted with caution. 相似文献
154.
155.
156.
MODIS 1B影像几何纠正方法研究及软件实现 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
MODIS影像是一种新型和重要的数据。对MODIS 1B影像几何畸变原因进行了深入分析,选择了一种合适的纠正方法。对于1km分辨率MODIS 1B影像,直接采用1km分辨率的空间坐标进行几何纠正;对于250m和500m分辨率的MODIS 1B影像,先用三次样条曲线对坐标进行插值生成同分辨率的坐标,然后利用坐标插值结果对其进行几何纠正。由于MODIS影像在空问分布上的特殊性,采用前向和后向映射相结合的方式确定纠正后某一像素点在原始影像中的位置。根据该位置的条带重叠度,可以确定参与计算像素个数、搜索窗口的大小以及窗口的精确位置;采用归一化反距离加权插值法计算纠正后像素点的属性值。上述优化算法不仅保证了纠正后影像的质量,而且提高了数据处理速度。作者在Visual C 6.0环境下开发实现了上述算法。从坐标插值和几何纠正结果分析,无论是数据处理速度还是纠正后的影像质量和精度均达到要求。 相似文献
157.
基于灰色模型的诸多优点,作者选用GM(1,1)模型分析和预报形变监测序列。然而直接应用GM(1,1)灰色模型分析和预报具有季节性的监测序列时往往精度不高。因此,作者提出运用基于季节指数的“去季节波动”法与GM(1,1)混合建模,对监测资料进行分析与预报。基于均方差和平均绝对误差两个精度准则,作者对此方法与周期函数拟合模型进行了比较。结果表明,此方法提高了具有季节性波动监测序列的预报精度,且建模方法简便、快捷。 相似文献
158.
J.-M. Gherardi L. Labeyrie J.F. McManus R. Francois L.C. Skinner E. Cortijo 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):710-723
A first study from the subtropical western Atlantic, using 231Pa/230Th ratios as a kinematic proxy for deep water circulation, provided compelling evidence for a strong link between climate and the rate of Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) over the last deglaciation. However, these results warrant confirmation from additional locations and water depths because the interpretation of the sedimentary 231Pa/230Th ratio in terms of circulation vigor can be biased by variations in particle flux and composition. We have measured 231Pa/230Th in a core from the Iberian margin, in the Northeastern Atlantic basin, and have compared these new results to the data from the western Atlantic basin. We find that the reduction in the circulation during H1 and YD and the subsequent increases first recognized in the sediment deposited on Bermuda Rise are also evident in the eastern basin, in a totally different sedimentary regime, confirming that sedimentary 231Pa/230Th ratios record basin-wide changes in deep water circulation. However, some differences between the eastern and western records are also recognized, providing preliminary evidence to differentiate between renewal rates in the two North Atlantic basins and between shallower and deeper overturning. Our results suggest the possible existence of two sources of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Deep Water (GNAIW), one in the south Labrador Sea and another west of Rockall Plateau. Both sources contributed to the meridional overturning but the two had different sensitivity to meltwater from the Laurentide and the Fennoscandian ice sheets during the deglaciation. These results indicate that additional information on the geometry and strength of the ventilation of the deep Atlantic can be obtained by contrasting the evolution of sediment 231Pa/230Th in different sections of the Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
159.
Suspended sediment and total dissolved solid yield patterns at the headwaters of Urumqi River,northwestern China: a comparison between glacial and non‐glacial catchments 下载免费PDF全文
In order to understand the differences in the suspended sediment and total dissolved solid (TDS) yield patterns between the glacial and non‐glacial catchments at the headwaters of Urumqi River, northwestern China, water samples were collected from a glacier catchment and an empty cirque catchment within the region, during three melting seasons from 2006 to 2008. These samples were analyzed to estimate suspended sediment and TDS concentrations, fluxes and erosion rates in the two adjoining catchments. There were remarked differences in suspended sediment and TDS yield patterns between the two catchments. Suspended sediment concentrations were controlled mainly by the sediment source, whereas TDS concentrations were primarily related to the hydrologic interaction with soil minerals. Generally, the glacial catchment had much higher suspended sediment and TDS yields, together with higher denudation rates, than the non‐glacial catchment. Overall, glacial catchment was mainly dominated by physical denudation process, whereas the non‐glacial catchment was jointly influenced by physical and chemical denudation processes. The observed differences in material delivery patterns were mainly controlled by the runoff source and the glacial processes. The melting periods of glacier and snow were typically the most important time for the suspended sediment and TDS yields. Meanwhile, episodic precipitation events could generate disproportionately large yields. Subglacial hydrology dynamics, glaciers pluck and grind processes could affect erodibility, and the large quantities of dust stored on the glacier surface provided additional sources for suspended sediment transport in the glacial catchment. These mechanisms imply that, in response to climate change, the catchment behaviour will be modified significantly in this region, in terms of material flux. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
160.
孙建军 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(3)
将ITRF2008解算结果 GPS、SLR、VLBI实测站速度信息和北美CORS网络、中国陆态网络、欧洲CORS网络站速度信息进行基准统一,联合解算IERS组织划定的全球14个主要大陆板块的欧拉矢量,对原有的板块运动参数进行精化;提出了基于最小二乘法的海量台站选择方法,实验结果表明,该台站选取方法能够有效提高海量台站的筛选效率和可靠性。稳定台站的数量越多,分布越均匀,越能够体现板块运动的现势性。 相似文献