差异升降运动的物理模拟及其对黄珏南地区构造解释     

王彤达  戴俊生  张继标  张振  陈红磊  商琳 《华北地质》2011,34(4):268-273

为研究黄珏南地区阜宁组断裂平面组合及发育顺序,针对断阶带设计了两个系列的物理模拟实验模型。从不同湿度的沙、黏土、沙泥混合物中优选出干黏土作为实验材料,详细记录了实验过程,并做出相应的地质解释。实验结果表明：黄珏南地区阜宁早期在拉张力的作用下形成了东西向的断层,构成了断阶带的基本构造格架,阜宁晚期在拉张力和差异升降运动的...  相似文献   

煤样自燃性升温程序实验研究     

景兴鹏 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(4):11-13,22

以铜川煤矿煤样为测试样品,利用自主研发的煤层自燃性升温的实验系统,对煤层的自燃过程进行实验模拟。根据实验测试数据对煤温与供气量以及实验过程的指标气体情况进行分析,得出煤层自燃性的临界温度、干裂温度等各个自燃特性。实验结果对煤矿分析和预测煤层自燃的过程具有指导意义。  相似文献   

Variability of wave-induced ripple migration in wave-flume experiments and its implications for sediment transport   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Naofumi Yamaguchi  Hideo Sekiguchi 《Coastal Engineering》2011

A thorough discussion of results from laboratory experiments with regular waves sheds light on the gap that lies between the sediment transport associated with ripple migration and the performance of a standard bedload transport formula in terms of bed shear concept. It is found that the extent of deviations of the bedload transport formula by Ribberink (1998) from the measured rate of sediment transport associated with ripple migration becomes systematically apparent under conditions of increasing settling time factor Ω_s (= η/(w₀T); η is the ripple height, w₀ the settling velocity and T the wave period). Re-examination of previous two field studies demonstrates a further reinforcement for phase-lag argument addressed in this paper.  相似文献   

Bacterioplankton responses to iron enrichment during the SAGE experiment     

J. Kuparinen  J. HallM. Ellwood  K. SafiJ. Peloquin  D. Katz 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(6):800-807

We studied the microbial food web in the upper 100 m of the water column in iron-limited sub-Antarctic HNLC waters south-east of New Zealand in the SAGE experiment in 2004, with focus on bacterioplankton. Samples were collected daily from inside and outside the iron enriched patch. Short term enrichment experiments were conducted on board in 4 L polycarbonate bottles with water outside the iron enriched patch to study single and combined effects of micronutrient additions on microbial food web. Low bacterial growth was recorded in the study area with community turnover times of 50 h or more during the study period. Measurements of bacterial standing stocks and production rates in the study show minor responses to the large scale iron enrichment, with increase in rates and stocks after the first enrichment and at the end of the study period after the third iron enrichment when solar radiation increased and wind mixing decreased. The average daily bacterial production rates were 31.5 and 33.7 mgCm⁻² d⁻¹ for the OUT and IN stations, respectively; thus overall there was not a significant difference between the control and the iron-enriched patch. In the bottle experiments bacterial thymidine incorporation showed responses to single iron and silicic acid enrichments and a major growth response to the combined iron and sucrose enrichments. Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a showed clear stimulation by single additions of iron and silicic acid and silicic acid enhanced the iron impact. Cobalt additions had no effect on bacteria growth and a negative effect on phytoplankton growth. Low bacterial in situ growth rates and the enrichment experiments suggest that bacteria are co-limited by iron and carbon, and that bacterial iron uptake is dependent on carbon supply by the food web. With the high iron quota (??mol Fe mol C⁻¹) bacteria may scavenge considerable amounts of the excess iron, and thus influence the relative importance of the microbial food web as a carbon sink.  相似文献   

The response of phytoplankton to iron enrichment in Sub-Antarctic HNLCLSi waters: Results from the SAGE experiment     

Jill Peloquin  Julie HallKarl Safi  Walker O. Smith Jr.Simon Wright  Rick van den Enden 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(6):808-823

Areas of high nutrients and low chlorophyll a comprise nearly a third of the world’s oceans, including the equatorial Pacific, the Southern Ocean and the Sub-Arctic Pacific. The SOLAS Sea-Air Gas Exchange (SAGE) experiment was conducted in late summer, 2004, off the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. The objective was to assess the response of phytoplankton in waters with low iron and silicic acid concentrations to iron enrichment. We monitored the quantum yield of photochemistry (F_v/F_m) with pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry, chlorophyll a, primary productivity, and taxonomic composition. Measurements of F_v/F_m indicated that the phytoplankton within the amended patch were relieved from iron stress (F_v/F_m approached 0.65). Although there was no significant difference between IN and OUT stations at points during the experiment, the eventual enhancement in chlorophyll a and primary productivity was twofold by the end of the 15-day patch occupation. However, no change in particulate carbon or nitrogen pools was detected. Enhancement in primary productivity and chlorophyll a were approximately equal for all phytoplankton size classes, resulting in a stable phytoplankton size distribution. Initial seed stocks of diatoms were extremely low, <1% of the assemblage based on HPLC pigment analysis, and did not respond to iron enrichment. The most dominant groups before and after iron enrichment were type 8 haptophytes and prasinophytes that were associated with ∼75% of chlorophyll a. Twofold enhancement of biomass estimated by flow cytometry was detected only in eukaryotic picoplankton, likely prasinophytes, type 8 haptophytes and/or pelagophytes. These results suggest that factors other than iron, such as silicic acid, light or physical disturbance limited the phytoplankton assemblage during the SAGE experiment. Furthermore, these results suggest that additional iron supply to the Sub-Antarctic under similar seasonal conditions and seed stock will most likely favor phytoplankton <2 ??m. This implies that any iron-mediated gain of fixed carbon will most likely be remineralized in shallow water rather than sink and be sequestered in the deep ocean.  相似文献   

背景误差水平相关结构对四维变分资料同化的影响研究     

龚建东  张林  王金成 《气象学报》2020,78(6):988-1001

为考察GRAPES全球四维变分同化（4DVar）的分析增量在谱空间的时间演变特征,分析当同化时间窗起始时刻与终止时刻背景误差水平相关特征明显不一致时对分析与预报造成的影响,对GRAPES全球4DVar的背景误差水平相关采用二阶自回归模型（SOAR）、集合资料同化生成扰动样本估计的水平相关模型以及基于这两者的背景误差谱空间融合模型进行比较。结果表明,SOAR的分析增量在20波以上的天气尺度波动的分析信息明显不足,而将集合资料同化样本所计算的水平相关的功率谱方差与SOAR功率谱方差进行融合,水平相关特征呈现出多尺度水平相关的特点,可以更好地吸纳观测信息,显著改善北半球形势场、温度与风场预报效果,南半球也有改善,对赤道地区的影响中性。表明研究发展的融合水平相关方案合理、实用。   相似文献   

集合预报误差在GRAPES全球四维变分同化中的应用研究Ⅰ：局地化方案设计与动力平衡特征分析     

龚建东  王瑞春 《气象学报》2021,79(1):31-47

通过引入流依赖的集合预报误差,使得同化分析与天气形势紧密相关,是改善初值分析质量的重要途径。文中在GRAPES（Global Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System）全球四维变分资料同化（4DVar）中研究了如何有效应用集合预报误差,包括增加扩展控制变量时如何降低其计算消耗以及如何在局地化过程中保持不同变量之间的动力平衡。利用高斯分布的谱滤波实现水平局地化,利用垂直正交经验函数分解实现垂直局地化,并采用前8个主导特征模态来限制控制变量空间维数增加。引入20至180个集合样本,在水平二维局地化情形下,控制变量总数的增长可以限制在1.1—1.8倍,而在三维局地化情形下,控制变量总数的增长限制在1.7—7.1倍。对60个集合样本和1°水平分辨率内循环,4DVar引入扩展控制变量后墙钟时间增加了约30%。进一步,通过采用在非平衡分析变量上进行水平局地化,然后再将风压地转平衡关系重新叠加到非平衡分析变量上,使得分析更好地保持了风压平衡关系,初始场地面气压倾向变化减小。此外,虽然垂直局地化对分析平衡影响较大,但依靠目标函数中的数字滤波弱约束,分析变量之间仍能较好满足动力平衡关系。结果表明,GRAPES全球4DVar中发展的增加扩展控制变量、谱滤波实现水平局地化、非平衡分析变量进行水平局地化等有效应用集合预报误差的方法,适合集合样本数超过100个的情况,在分析质量改善的同时,4DVar系统的计算和存储消耗没有显著增加。   相似文献   

Experimental investigation of bedload transport processes under unsteady flow conditions     

Kwan Tun Lee  Yi‐Liang Liu  Kai‐Hung Cheng 《水文研究》2004,18(13):2439-2454

Hydraulic engineering is usually based on theoretical analysis and/or numerical modelling simulation. As the dynamic behaviour of sediment movement under unsteady flow is still unclear, and field measurement is comparatively difficult during a large flood, prior investigations through flume experiments are required. A series of flume experiments, conducted using different inflow hydrographs without sediment supply from upstream, was carried out to investigate the sediment transport process under unsteady flow conditions. A series of triangular hydrographs were performed in the experiments. The results indicate that a temporal lag was found between the flow hydrograph peak and the sediment hydrograph peak because large size sand dunes lasted for a short period in the falling limb of the flow hydrograph. The temporal lag was found to be about equal to 6–15% of the flow hydrograph duration. Owing to the temporal lag, the total bedload yield in the rising period was less than that in the falling period. Furthermore, the measured total bedload yield in the unsteady flow experiments was larger than the predicted value, which was estimated by using the results obtained from the equivalent steady flow experiment. The peak bedload transport rate for unsteady flow conditions was also larger than the predicted value. The ratios of the measured to the predicted quantities mentioned above were found to be constant values for different shapes of hydrographs. It is, therefore, expected that the analytical results of sediment transport from equivalent steady flow can be a good reference for sediment transport under unsteady flow conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

GM(1,1)预测效果数值试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邹长武  贺孝刚  丁晶 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(4):403-407

采用不同类型原始数据对传统GM(1，1)进行了预测效果数值试验，然后通过对预测结果及传统GM(1，1)基本思想进行深入分析提出传统GM(1，1)存在的问题，并提出了相应的改进思路。  相似文献   

仿真实验的应用与大学物理实验的教学改革   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

蔡青 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(1):113-115

分析传统教学模式下物理实验教学存在的问题,介绍计算机仿真物理实验系统在具体教学实践中获得的良好教学效果,探讨其中还存在的一些不足之处.提出只有把各种教学手段合理而有效地结合起来,才能收到最佳的教学效果,达到优化实验教学的目标.  相似文献