巷道复杂岩层中钻孔原位注浆试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄华元  刘振兴  范成洲  秋实  刘俊鹏 《煤田地质与勘探》2013,41(1):67-71

针对大漏失地层,探索增强某巷道复杂岩层抗渗性的技术途径,采用钻孔原位注浆方法开展了注浆试验研究。钻孔采取两步法注浆工艺,大漏失地层和一般漏失地层一次注浆的堵水效率一般可达80%以上,部分可达100%,微漏失地层的堵水效率可达100%。但有一些大漏钻孔采用现有注浆方法不能有效封堵,应进一步研究其他注浆措施,并需研究对注浆孔口及周边表面的快捷有效的封堵技术。   相似文献   

生态学实验的分类概况、欠缺及其完善     

肖显静  林祥磊 《地理研究》2013,32(4):653-662

对于生态学实验分类,国内外专门研究的文献很少,国内主要根据生态学学科分支和教学需要进行,国外主要根据具体的生态学实验特征进行,两者都不系统。进一步根据分类的一般原则以及文献研读,发现现有文献中对生态学实验的分类存在一定的欠缺:标准不统一、划分不全、多出子项、越级划分、概念混淆等。在此基础上,本文对生态学实验进行了系统分类:①根据研究对象的组织层次、与其它自然科学和社会科学交叉、研究动机,分为各个生态学分支学科实验;②根据教学需要分为基础性实验、综合性实验和研究性实验;③按照实验自身的时空特征、对象特征、作用特征等,分为野外实验和实验室实验、操纵(受控)实验和非操纵(受控)实验、定性实验和定量(测量)实验、自然实验和非自然实验等。  相似文献   

Individual transferable quotas versus auctioned seasonal quotas: An experimental investigation     

Erling Moxnes 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):339-349

Fishery policies have largely developed in response to revealed problems with existing policy instruments. The last major innovation is the introduction of individual transferable quotas, ITQs. Experience thus far is promising. However, if history repeats itself, it is pertinent to start exploring further improvements. Among other things, concerns may be raised about the efficiency of ITQs, financial risks to owners of quotas and fishing vessels, and problems with fairness and collection of resource rent. These issues are studied with a laboratory experiment. Different from previous experiments it allows for trade of both quotas and vessels. In addition, the experiment tests an alternative institutional arrangement, namely auctioned seasonal quotas, ASQs. Neither of the two systems turns out to be as perfect as economic theory predicts. While the two systems are similar in some respects, the ASQ system allows for taxation of resource rent, and surprisingly, it may be the system with the lowest financial risk for fishing firms.  相似文献   

Experimental study of pore water pressure and bed profile change under regular breaking waves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程永舟  蒋昌波  赵利平  潘昀  李青峰 《中国海洋工程》2012,26(3):457-468

  相似文献   

烟台市龙口港污损生物生态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冷宇  李继业  刘一霆  赵升  刘旭东 《海洋通报》2012,31(4):454-459

于2007年03月22日至2008年03月21日在山东省烟台市龙口港附近海域,进行了为期1年的挂板试验,本次调查共记录该海域污损生物32种,优势种为内枝多管藻(Polysiphonia morrowii)、软丝藻(Ulothrix flacca.)、肠浒苔(Entermorpha intestinalis)、中胚花筒螅(Tubularia mesembryanthemum)等.该海域全年均有污损生物附着,月板平均生物量为525.18 g/m2,5-11月的生物附着量较高,最高值出现在7月;季板平均生物量为1569.39 g/m2,生物群落的种类组成和生物量变化明显,其中秋季板生物量最高,龙口海域污损生物的附着种类受季节性水温变化的影响比较明显,藻类开始附着的温度低于动物.4个季度污损生物的种群多样性指数(H忆)春季最高,均匀度指数(J)和种群丰富度指数(M)则夏季最高.统计分析表明,龙口港海域污损生物群落可大致划分为 4个组群,秋季附着的污损生物代表了试验海域的主要特征,同时揭示出污损生物附着季节、演替时间长短等是影响群落种类组成的重要因素  相似文献   

Field experiments to improve the efficacy of gargoor (fish trap) fishery in Kuwait’s waters     

������ 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):535-546

Fish traps were investigated to understand the effects of season, bait type, trap size, and trap soak time on catch rates, catch composition, and trap loss rates from March 2004 to September 2005, to improve the performance and management of Kuwait’s gargoor (cage style fish trap) fishery, which used to be the nation’s most important one in terms of value and landings volume. Catch rates were the highest in April/May (5-8 kg/trap haul) and again in December (7 kg/trap haul). Bait type and trap size also affected catch rates and species composition. Of the seven baits tested, the best catch rates, >5 kg/trap haul, occurred with cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis), but wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab) and mullet (Liza klunzingeri) also produced good results (4-5 kg/trap haul). Within the five tested sizes, the two largest-sized traps captured more fish and larger size fish. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences of catch rate among traps with different baits as well as among traps of different sizes. Duncan test further revealed these differences between two specific baits and sizes. Cluster Analysis of species composition showed more differences among different baits than among different trap sizes. Longer soak times did not result in larger catch rates, but increased trap loss. About 10-day soak time resulted in trap loss 7%, while 40-day soak time could result in a loss of around 20%. Consequently, it is recommended that the gargoor be checked every 10 or fewer days. The average overall catch rate during the study period was lower than that of 1980s (4.5 vs. 5.8 kg/trap haul), indicating a possible decline of fish abundance in Kuwait’s waters. It is recommended that the number of gargoor fishing boats and gargoors from each boat should be limited to allow stock rehabilitation.  相似文献   

Mobility of lowland stream Trichoptera under experimental habitat and flow conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Piet F.M. Verdonschot  Anna A. Besse-LototskayaDorine B.M. Dekkers  Ralf C.M. Verdonschot 《Limnologica》2012,42(3):227-234

The species-specific mobility of six species of lowland stream Trichoptera was studied in flume experiments with different habitats and current flows. The test species were selected according to their occurrence along the environmental gradient from more natural towards highly disturbed sandy, lowland streams of the North-West European plain. Two groups of species were distinguished, three species occurring more frequently towards the natural end versus three occurring more frequently towards the disturbed end of the stream disturbance gradient. Experiments were conducted in a temperature and light controlled environment in indoor, re-circulating, man-made stream channels with four replicate gutters each. The bottom of each gutter held ten trays filled with five selected habitat materials (two trays each), which provided refugia and food. Three flow treatments with constant current velocities of 10, 30, or 50 cm/s were applied. Movements were scored based on visual observations of the position of each individual at fixed time points. The first day after release, individuals moved around very actively; this ‘release effect’ was removed from further analyses. The trichopteran species occurring near the more natural end of the disturbance gradient exhibited significantly less mobility (on average 10-15% of individuals actively moved around) than the species from the more disturbed end of the gradient (on average 30-40% of individuals actively moved around). The first group of trichopteran species also spent significantly longer times in the leaves habitat compared to the other three species, which moved more or less independent of habitat. With increasing current velocity, all test species moved more frequently, particularly the species from the more disturbed end of the gradient. This could indicate behavior to avoid dislodgement. The mobility of all species exceeded the mobility needed to use habitat resources of food and shelter, both present in excess. Therefore, short-term movement could also be (partly) a random behavior. Overall, the more tolerant species from the disturbed end of the gradient showed more mobility and flexibility than the species occurring under more or less natural stream conditions. This was consistent with the hypothesis that mobility is an adaptation of tolerant, ubiquitous species. Mobility is an adaptation of r-strategists.  相似文献   

构造应力场与煤及瓦斯突出的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程军  张丽红  吴国代  刘敬青  刘梓萱 《煤田地质与勘探》2012,40(4):1-4,11

地质构造对煤与瓦斯突出具有明显的控制作用,以往多是定性的分析和统计研究。通过构造应力场理论及相似模拟实验,分析了构造应力场与煤及瓦斯突出的关系。对相似实验结果进行对比分析,结合煤及瓦斯突出与褶曲构造展布关系实例,研究了褶曲构造不同部位应力分布特征及其对瓦斯突出的控制作用。结果显示:背斜翼部挤压区和转折区是煤及瓦斯突出的最危险地带;背斜轴部区一般不会出现严重的煤及瓦斯突出。   相似文献   

ATOVS 不同卫星资料在台风模拟中的同化试验研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

李兴武  董海萍  郭卫东  高太长 《热带气象学报》2012,(2):157-166

利用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)开发的中尺度模式WRF(ARW)V3.2 及其三维变分同化系统WRF-3DVAR,以1011 号超强台风“ 凡亚比” 为个例,采用连续循环同化的方法对ATOVS 卫星资料进行同化试验,探讨了同化ATOVS 不同卫星资料对“ 凡亚比” 模拟的影响。结果表明,强度影响方面:同化ATOVS不同资料均可有效改善台风强度,台风中心海平面气压平均偏差从42 hPa 下降到18 hPa,但不同资料间的差异并不显著,平均在6 hPa 以内,这表明仅同化ATOVS 资料对台风强度的改善相对有限。路径影响方面:(1)不同卫星的同一种传感器资料效果略有不同,同化NOAA-18 和NOAA-15 的AMSU-A 资料效果较好,NOAA-16 的AMSU-A 效果较差;同化NOAA-15 和NOAA-16 的AMSU-B 资料效果相当,且均优于AMSU-A 资料。(2) 同一颗卫星不同传感器资料的差异较大,同化AMSU-B 资料的改善较为明显,HIRS-3 次之,AMSU-A较差,而同时同化不同资料并没有带来更为明显的改善。(3) 同时同化多颗卫星ATOVS 资料的试验表明,将多种资料引入到同化系统的同时,也带来相应的累积误差,因而仅同化一颗卫星可能比同时同化两颗或三颗卫星ATOVS 资料的效果要好。   相似文献   

侧向应力扰动对断层摩擦影响的实验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

崔永权  马胜利  刘力强 《地震地质》2005,27(4):645-652

利用双向伺服控制装置,对含有与最大主压应力σ1呈45°夹角的预切面的花岗闪长岩标本进行了摩擦实验,结果表明,在σ1方向位移速率恒定、侧向应力σ2恒定的条件下,粘滑间隔随滑动面上正应力的增加而增加,粘滑应力降也随滑动面上正应力的增加而呈线性增加。但当σ2叠加了高频小振幅的正弦波扰动时,这种相关性发生了明显的变化,应力降大小和粘滑间隔的离散度均显著提高,特别是应力降可能会大幅度增加。与σ1扰动的实验结果相比,σ2扰动对断层粘滑的影响更为显著,这主要归因于正应力变化使滑动面的非均匀性加剧  相似文献