高频电磁法在探测预选区岩体构造中的应用研究     

龚育龄  张华 《铀矿地质》2013,29(4)

地质处置库是处理高放废物的有效途径,而预选区内的岩体构造则是影响地质处置库稳定性的关键因素之一.为了探明预选区内花岗岩岩体的断裂构造、空间形态,以甘肃北山新场-向阳山预选区岩体为例,简述了EH4系统的工作原理、野外数据采集以及数据处理与解释的全过程.结果表明,应用该方法查明了研究区内断裂的发育情况、岩体的空间形态以及岩体中的不良地质体的分布,为高放废物地质处置库场地的稳定性和完整性评价提供了参考.  相似文献   

Seismic isolation using granulated tire–soil mixtures for less‐developed regions: experimental validation     

Wei Xiong  Yaozhuang Li 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(14):2187-2193

In this study, shaking‐table experiments were conducted with a novel seismic isolation system (Geotechnical Seismic Isolation, GSI) to validate its dynamic performance during earthquakes. This isolation technique uses shredded rubber–soil mixtures to reduce the structural response to earthquakes, and thus may not only provide economical structural safety for buildings in less‐developed regions, but could also consume a large amount of waste tires worldwide. The present experimental results show that the GSI system has potential to significantly mitigate seismic hazards. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The Excess of Modernity: Garbage Politics in Oaxaca,Mexico     

Sarah A. Moore 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):426-437

In the last several decades, garbage strikes have taken place around the world. In this article, I examine the case of garbage strikes in Oaxaca, Mexico, a rapidly growing city. Here, garbage, which is normally considered a hazard, is revealed also to be an effective political tool for people demanding “rights to the city.” Processes of modernization that have produced an expectation of cleanliness in modern cities have, at the same time, relied on production and consumption patterns that create more and more garbage. It is this inherent contradiction that provides a space for marginalized people to use garbage as a political tool.  相似文献   

External Influences on Environmental Decision Making: A Case Study of Packaging Waste Reduction     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):105-116

The amount of packaging sent to landfill sites for disposal has gained increased prominence as an environmental issue in Canada as a result of the 1990 National Protocol on Packaging. Recognizing that a number of factors affect a corporation's decisions to modify its packaging, this study seeks to understand forces external to the firm that motivate companies to reduce their packaging waste. Firms in two sectors—soap and cleansing compounds and cosmetics and toiletries—were surveyed by mail questionnaires and personal interviews. Government policies, consumer preferences, and retailer demands were among the external pressures found to affect packaging decision making. Access to external sources of information from suppliers, subcontractors, producer services, and industrial associations was also found to play a role in a firm's decision to modify packaging. In some instances, the impact of external factors was related to differences in the internal characteristics of firms. The paper concludes with policy recommendations arrived at from the data analysis.  相似文献   

Hydro-mechanical properties of the Red Salt Clay (T4) – Relevancy of the minimum stress criterion for barrier integrity     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2013

The so-called Red Salt Clay (T4) is deposited as clay-rich clastic sediment at the base of the Aller-series forming a persistent lateral layer of up to 20 m thickness above the lower Zechstein-series. The clay layers may act as a protective shield in the hanging wall of gas storages or underground repositories in salt formations, thus resulting in a multi-barrier system. As a proof of its reliability comprehensive hydro-mechanical investigations were performed on clay samples recovered at different sites in Germany. Most important, rock tightness against various fluids was confirmed in the lab and field-scale. Remarkably, only if the fluid pressure equalises the acting minimal stress (i.e. violence of the “minimum stress criterion”) a significant increase of permeability is observed (“pathway dilatation”) but no macro-frac. However, the material properties from different locations showed a significant variability according to different burial depths. Thus the Red Salt Clay may act as natural analogue, representing the material variability of various indurated clays. In addition, the existing knowledge gained from practical mining activities can be used to evaluate extreme in situ loading conditions.  相似文献   

A self-adapting model for assessing hazardous environmental releases     

Darrell W. Pepper  Xiuling Wang 《Natural Hazards》2008,44(3):387-397

Simulation results are presented by using an h-adaptive mass consistent finite element method (FEM) coupled with a Lagrangian particle transport technique (LPT) for dispersion associated with hazardous atmospheric releases. A three-dimensional wind field is first constructed from the adaptive FEM model. Lagrangian particles that define the contaminant dispersion are then produced with the LPT scheme, employing a random walk/stochastic approach. The application of FEM permits flow patterns with irregular geometries to be easily simulated, while the LPT permits contaminant particle dispersion patterns to be quickly depicted. The hybrid model is fast, runs on PCs, and appears well suited for emergency response dispersion predictions and assessment.  相似文献   

An environmental geomorphologic approach to site selection for hazardous wastes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Irfan Yesilnacar  Hasan Cetin 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(8):1659-1671

Geomorphological features are essential parts of the environment and they represent an important conditioning factor for the development and distribution of certain biological assemblages, as well as for a variety of human activities. However, environmental geomorphology usually receives very limited or no attention at all in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA). Nevertheless, the site selection process for hazardous wastes in environmental impact studies for individual projects plays an essential role. In order to determine the most suitable site in a region for municipal/hazardous wastes, several criteria are used, including geology, groundwater condition, climate, and land use. The present work describes a methodology taking advantage of environmental geomorphological features, and reducing these criteria in the site selection procedure in land disposal of waste; in addition, a case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The validity of the adopted site screening method is explained. This methodology comprises the use of a single geomorphological map to locate suitable landfilling sites for hazardous waste, instead of using separate maps for geological features, climatic features (temperature, precipitation, and speed and direction of the prevailing wind), slope and erosion. Furthermore, the present study is compared with a previous study performed in the GAP region, where the use of land resources is crucial for agricultural and water management purposes. The application of the described selection process and the verified method in this region shows that the adopted method and detailed criteria are valid.  相似文献   

Geoenvironmental Testing     

Pierre Delage  Enrique Romero 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):729-749

Geoenvironmental concerns involve unsaturated soils in problems like soil contamination, waste disposal and ground-atmosphere interactions. This paper deals with the two first points. To tackle geoenvironmental problems in unsaturated soils, it is necessary to identify experimentally the retention and transfer phenomena that govern the movements of fluids and chemical species in the unsaturated soil. Some of the experimental techniques used in unsaturated soils can be adapted to face these problems, but extensions accounting for the various physico-chemical processes involved in soil contamination and waste disposal are necessary, including temperature effects and the mechanical couplings resulting from the changes in temperature and chemical concentrations. After an introduction to the geoenvironmental problems that are related to unsaturated soils, the paper presents a series of experimental developments carried out in relation to retention and transfer properties of water (pure or with dissolved species), hydrocarbons and gas, also accounting for temperature effects and chemical effects. The techniques presented are applicable to soil contamination and waste disposal, with a special concern addressed to nuclear waste disposal, in which the effects of desaturation of the geological barrier together with the unsaturated nature of compacted engineered barriers appeared to be quite important.  相似文献   

Simulation of groundwater and nuclide transport in the near-field of the high-level radioactive waste repository with TOUGHREACT     

Xun Li  Zeping Yang  Zhihong Zheng  Hongmei Wu 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(3):299-305

In order to know the mechanism of groundwater transport and the variation of ion concentrations in the near-field of the high-level radioactive waste repository, the whole process was simulated by EOS3 module of TOUGHREACT. Generally, the pH and cation concentrations vary obviously in the near-field saturated zone due to interaction between groundwater and bentonite. Moreover, the simulated results showed that calcite precipitation could not cause obvious variations in the porosity of media in the near-filed if the chemical components and their concentrations of groundwater and bentonite pore water are similar to those used in this study.  相似文献   

Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

XU Xiaochun  XIE Qiaoqin  CHEN Fang  WANG Jun  WU Wentao 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(1):146-153

Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area.  相似文献