港珠澳大桥首级控制网四期测量成果比较与分析     

吴迪军  熊伟  何婵军 《测绘科学》2013,38(4)

在主体工程开工前,港珠澳大桥首级控制网完成了四期观测.通过对四期测量成果的比较分析,进一步验证了控制网的测量精度,评定了控制点的稳定性.本文运用误差分析理论和方法,制定了首级控制点工程坐标、观测高差及高程较差的限差标准,用以评定控制点稳定性,可供后续各期复测及其他类似跨海工程控制网参考.  相似文献   

Making Space: Residential Trajectories in Hong Kong     

《Urban geography》2013,34(7):756-778

Hong Kong is a city with very high densities and low per capita space standards, given its wealth. Most people live in very small apartments in high-rise buildings. Drawing on a survey of more than 2,000 interviewees, this study explores household mobility and changes in consumption of residential space in Hong Kong. Space standards have increased for most households, although increases are small in absolute terms. Distinct from much of the international experience, changes in space consumption of movers appear to be driven mostly by the fundamental limits of household living arrangements under the tight space standards of Hong Kong. Household circumstances and the life-cycle effect also play a role. However, the aggregate level of space consumption is influenced by economic, social, and ecological factors more than the immediate circumstances of individual households.  相似文献   

Extreme Temperature Days in Hong Kong     

《自然地理学》2013,34(6):476-491

Extreme temperature days for the period from 1947 to 1998 in Hong Kong were investigated. Significant decreasing trends of both warm and cold days were discovered. Warm days were more variable than cold days. It is found that extreme days were less persistent in the last decade. In winter, cold days were related to the intensified Siberian anticyclone bringing a cold, polar air mass and Northeast monsoon to south China, while zonal flow would create more frequent warm days. In summer, apart from the influence of tropical cyclones to the east or southeast of Hong Kong, the effect of strong and persistent southerly flow was another prominent factor producing extreme temperature days.  相似文献   

Measurement and interpretation of connectivity of Chinese cities in world city network, 2010   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Ben DERUDDER  Peter J TAYLOR  Michael HOYLER  NI Pengfei  LIU Xingjian  ZHAO Miaoxi  SHEN Wei  Frank WITLOX 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(3):261-273

This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which business services firms play the crucial role in city network formation, information is gathered about the presence of global service firms in cities. This information is converted into data to provide the′service value′of a city for a firm′s provision of corporate services in a 526(cities)×175(firms) matrix. These data are then used as the input to the interlocking network model in order to measure cities′connectivity and its predominant geographical orientation. Here we focus on the position of some key Chinese cities in this regard, and discuss and interpret results in the context of the urban dimensions of the′opening up′of the Chinese economy.  相似文献   

香港近岸海域营养盐结构特征及其对浮游植物生长的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

宋秀贤  俞志明  殷克东  钱培元 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(4):846-852

本文利用2000年3月至2001年5月在香港近岸牛尾海海域(Porter Shelter, Hong Kong)14个航次的现场调查数据, 对水体中营养盐组成结构和叶绿素a含量进行了分析研究。结果表明, 该海域表层和底层水体中溶解无机氮(DIN, 包括NO3?-N+NO2?-N, NH4+-N)平均浓度范围分别为1.24—9.72mol/L及1.30—7.49mol/L, 均表现为冬季最高、秋季最低。不同季节表层水体中PO43?-P浓度范围为0.14—0.46mol/L, 夏季平均浓度最底; 底层 PO43?-P浓度变化不大, 但夏季仍低于其他季节。不同季节表层和底层水体中SiO32?-Si的变化趋势基本相似, 平均浓度范围分别为7.80—18.47mol/L 和8.13—16.87mol/L, 均在冬季最高, 其它季节差别不大。叶绿素 a分析结果显示, 表层水体高生物量大多出现在夏末秋初季节(如8月份), 春季(4月份)次之; 底层水体叶绿素 a秋季最高, 夏季次之。进一步分析了该海域营养盐对浮游植物生长的可能限制因子, 结果表明表层水体春季呈现氮–磷协同限制的可能性、夏季磷限制较明显, 秋季表现为显著的氮限制。底层水体春、夏季呈现氮–磷协同限制的趋势, 秋季也表现为明显的氮限制。冬季磷酸盐浓度相对氮、硅的含量较低, 但各种营养盐相对于浮游植物生长的最低阈值都比较丰富, 所以, 冬季表、底层水体中营养盐对浮游植物的生长均不形成限制因素。另外, 除了夏季表层水体外, 其它季节该水域浮游植物生长受溶解无机硅限制的可能性较少。  相似文献   

考虑局部冲刷的跨海桥梁桩基基础波流力          下载免费PDF全文

孙天霆  王树鹏  潘军宁  王登婷  刘清君 《水科学进展》2019,30(6):863-871

跨海桥梁桩基基础所受的波流荷载是跨海桥梁设计中重点考虑的荷载之一,实际工程中波流力的计算多参考《港口与航道水文规范:JTS145—2015》中推荐的单桩桩基基础波流力计算方法,未合理考虑局部冲刷形状的影响。以港珠澳大桥为例,在桩基基础波流力和冲刷试验结果的基础上,通过对计算模型中流速、C_D、C_M等参数的选取进行修正,提出了考虑局部冲刷形状的桩基基础波流力计算方法,在保证工程安全性的同时兼顾了工程的经济性,并成功应用于港珠澳大桥桥梁桩基的设计中。  相似文献   

Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of the rhyolitic tuff on Port Island,Hong Kong: Implications for early Cretaceous tectonic setting     

Longlong Zhao  Lulin Wang  Mingzhong Tian  Fadong Wu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(3):565-581

Early Cretaceous rhyolitic tuffs, widely distributed on Port Island, provide insights into the volcanism and tectonic setting of Hong Kong. In this paper we present petrological, geochronological and geochemical data of the rhyolitic tuff to constrain the diagenesis age and petrogenesis of the rocks, tectonic setting and early Cretaceous volcanism of Hong Kong. The first geochronological data show that the zircons in the volcanic rocks have U-Pb age of 141.1–139.5 Ma, which reveals that the rhyolitic tuff on Port Island was formed in the early Cretaceous (K₁). Geochemically, these acid rocks, which are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs), belong to the high K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series with strongly-peraluminous characteristic. The geochemical analyses suggest that the volcanic rocks were derived from deep melting in the continental crust caused by basaltic magma underplating. Based on the geochemical analysis and previous studies, we concluded that the rhyolitic tuffs on Port Island were formed in a back-arc extension setting in response to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.  相似文献   

EEMD在雷暴日趋势特征分析中的应用     

陈则煌  张云峰  谢菲  霍光  曹洪亮 《热带地理》2015,35(4):601-606

首先利用整体经验模态分解算法（EEMD）对加入高斯白噪声后的香港地区雷暴日时间序列进行本征模态函数（IMF）分解;其次对各IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,提取雷暴日波动特征参量,并给出雷暴日序列的Hilbert谱和边际谱;最后对各雷暴日IMF分量进行显著性检验。结果表明：香港地区近67 a雷暴日序列可分解为1项趋势项和5个中心频率不同的IMF分量,其中能量主要集中在0.35~0.5 Hz和0~0.05 Hz频段;通过分析IMF能量谱密度-周期分布,得出雷暴日变化周期为2.8 a左右的年际变化和25 a左右的代际变化为主要变化周期,其次是4.5 和7.1 a左右的年际变化为次要变化周期,从趋势项可知香港地区雷暴日呈波动上升趋势。EEMD算法可较好地用于雷暴日趋势特征分析。  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial variations in nutrient stoichiometry and regulation of phytoplankton biomass in Hong Kong waters: influence of the Pearl River outflow and sewage inputs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xu J  Ho AY  Yin K  Yuan X  Anderson DM  Lee JH  Harrison PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):335-348

In 2001, the Hong Kong government implemented the Harbor Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) under which 70% of the sewage that had been formerly discharged into Victoria Harbor is now collected and sent to Stonecutters Island Sewage Works where it receives chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), and is then discharged into waters west of the Harbor. The relocation of the sewage discharge will possibly change the nutrient dynamics and phytoplankton biomass in this area. Therefore, there is a need to examine the factors that regulate phytoplankton growth in Hong Kong waters in order to understand future impacts. Based on a historic nutrient data set (1986-2001), a comparison of ambient nutrient ratios with the Redfield ratio (N:P:Si=16:1:16) showed clear spatial variations in the factors that regulate phytoplankton biomass along a west (estuary) to east (coastal/oceanic) transect through Hong Kong waters. Algal biomass was constrained by a combination of low light conditions, a rapid change in salinity, and strong turbulent mixing in western waters throughout the year. Potential stoichiometric Si limitation (up to 94% of the cases in winter) occurred in Victoria Harbor due to the contribution of sewage effluent with high N and P enrichment all year, except for summer when the frequency of stoichiometric Si limitation (48%) was the same as P, owing to the influence of the high Si in the Pearl River discharge. In the eastern waters, potential N limitation and N and P co-limitation occurred in autumn and winter respectively, because of the dominance of coastal/oceanic water with low nutrients and low N:P ratios. In contrast, potential Si limitation occurred in spring and a switch to potential N, P and Si limitation occurred in eastern waters in summer. In southern waters, there was a shift from P limitation (80%) in summer due to the influence of the N-rich Pearl River discharge, to N limitation (68%) in autumn, and to N and P co-limitation in winter due to the dominance of N-poor oceanic water from the oligotrophic South China Sea. Our results show clear temporal and spatial variations in the nutrient stoichiometry which indicates potential regulation of phytoplankton biomass in HK waters due to the combination of the seasonal exchange of the Pearl River discharge and oceanic water, sewage effluent inputs, and strong hydrodynamic mixing from SW monsoon winds in summer and the NE monsoon winds in winter.  相似文献   

Seasonal and spatial dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in Victoria Harbour and its vicinity before and after sewage abatement   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ho AY  Xu J  Yin K  Yuan X  He L  Jiang Y  Lee JH  Anderson DM  Harrison PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):313-324

This study investigated the seasonal and spatial dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass at 12 stations in Hong Kong (HK) waters during a three year period from 2004 to 2006 after upgraded sewage treatment and compared these results to observations before sewage treatment. Pearl River estuary (PRE) discharge significantly increased NO(3) and SiO(4) concentrations, particularly in western and southern waters when rainfall and river discharge was maximal in summer. Continuous year round discharge of sewage effluent resulted in high NH(4) and PO(4) in Victoria Harbour (VH) and its vicinity. In winter, spring and fall, the water column at all stations was moderately mixed by winds and tidal currents, and phytoplankton biomass was relatively low compared to summer. In summer, the mean surface phytoplankton chl biomass was generally > 9 microL(-1) in most areas as a result of thermohaline stratification, and high nutrients, light, and water temperature. In summer, the potential limiting nutrient is PO(4) in the most productive southern waters and it seldom decreased to limiting levels ( approximately 0.1 microM), suggesting that phytoplankton growth may be only episodically limiting. The mean bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) remained > 3.5 mg L(-1) at most stations, indicating that the eutrophication impact in HK waters was not as severe as expected for such a eutrophic area. After the implementation of chemically enhanced primary sewage treatment in 2001, water quality in VH improved as indicated by a significant decrease in NH(4) and PO(4) and an increase in bottom DO. In contrast, there were an increase in chl a and NO(3), and a significant decrease in bottom DO in southern waters in summer, suggesting that hypoxic events are most likely to occur in this region if phytoplankton biomass and oxygen consumption keep increasing and exceed the buffering capacity of HK waters maintained by monsoon winds, tidal mixing and zooplankton grazing. Therefore, future studies on the long-term changes in nutrient loading from PRE and HK sewage discharge will be crucial for developing future strategies of sewage management in HK waters.  相似文献