Computational hydrodynamic analysis of the propeller–rudder and the AZIPOD systems     

Hassan Ghassemi  Parviz Ghadimi 《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(1):117-130

A computational method has been developed to predict the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller–rudder systems (PRS) and azimuthing podded drive (AZIPOD) systems. The method employs a vortex-based lifting theory for the propeller and the potential surface panel method for the steering system. Three propeller models along with three steering systems (rudder and strut, flap and pod (SFP)) are implemented in the present calculations for the cases of uniform and non-uniform conditions. Computed velocity components show good agreement with the experimental measurements behind a propeller with or without the rudder. Calculated thrust, torque and lift also agree well with the experimental results. Computations are also performed for an AZIPOD system in order to obtain the pressure distributions on the SFP, and the hydrodynamic performance (thrust, torque and lift coefficients). The present method is useful for examining the performance of the PRS and AZIPOD systems in the hope of estimating the propulsion and the maneuverability characteristics of the marine vehicles more accurately.  相似文献   

Experimental Research on Wave Transmission over Submerged Rubble-Mound Breakwaters     

左其华  Valeri PENCHEV  李鹏  Dorina DRAGANCHEVA  王登婷 《海洋工程》2008,(4):575-584

This paper discusses some previous, and presents some new experimental results on wave transmission oversubmerged breakwaters. The objective of this study is to evaluate wave transmission coefficient and develop two-dimensional (2D) model as an improvement to the existing wave transmission coefficient models. Factors which affect wave transmission over submerged breakwaters are discussed through series of laboratory experiments. Basic recommendations for evaluation and design of submerged rubble-monud breakwaters are presented.From the test results, calculation formula of wave transmission coefficient is proposed.  相似文献   

结合时间序列Sentinel-1数据和面向对象的湿地信息提取方法     

常文涛  陈欢  常伟纲 《北京测绘》2020,(3):365-370

基于光学影像的遥感技术受云雨等天气条件影响较大,而合成孔径雷达(SAR)由于具有穿透能力可以很好的克服这一缺陷。本文以黑龙江流域扎龙湿地为研究区域,采用时间序列C波段双极化(VV、VH)Sentinel-1数据,结合面向对象的图像分析技术对扎龙湿地进行分类。对比分析了5种机器学习算法得出随机森林算法的精度最高,总体精度为88.43%,Kappa系数为0.8646,其中沼泽的制图精度达到84.68%,用户精度达到89.47%。使用Sentinel-1数据对扎龙湿地进行湿地信息提取的最佳时相为5月、7月和8月。  相似文献   

Hydrological regimes in a tropical valley of New Caledonia (SW Pacific): Impacts of wildfires and invasive fauna     

Caroline Marie Clémence Tramier  Pierre Genthon  Quentin Réginald Camille Paul Delvienne  Nicolas Luc Sauvan  Jean-Jérôme Olivier Cassan  Etienne Ebrard  Pascal Sébastien Dumas  Yann Queffélean 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14071

In New Caledonia wildfires and invasive mammals (deer and wild pigs) constitute the major agents of land surface degradation. Our study reveals the linkage between land cover and water balance on the northeast coast of New Caledonia (2400 mm annual rainfall) located on a micaschist basement. The hydrological regime of characteristic and representative land surfaces is assessed using a 1-year record from three 100 m² plots each, located in a forest area degraded by an invasive fauna, in a woody savannah which is regularly burned, and in a healthy forest area. The three plots present highly contrasting hydrological regimes, with annual and maximum runoff/rain ratios during a rain event of, respectively, 0.82, 0.16, 0.03, and 2.7, 0.7, 0.2, for the degraded forest, the savannah and the healthy forest. Such results suggest that subsurface flow originating from the contributing area above the degraded forest plot should exfiltrate inside the plot. A conceptual model for the degraded forest plot shows that water exfiltrating inside the plot represents 61% of the observed runoff. In savannahs, water should mainly be transferred downstream by subsurface flow within a thick organic soil layer limited by an impervious clay layer at a 20–30 cm depth. Savannahs are generally located above forests and generate the transfer of rainwater to downslope forests. Exfiltration into the forests can be the result of this transfer and depends on the thickness and permeability of the forest topsoils and on topographic gradients. Water exfiltration in forest areas highly degraded by pigs and deer enhances erosion and increases further degradation. It probably also limits percolation in the areas located downstream by increasing the amount of superficial runoff concentrated in gullies.  相似文献   

荒漠绿洲交错区景观稳定性与维持机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常学礼  李秀梅  白雪莲  季树新  王理想 《中国沙漠》2020,40(3):43-50

景观稳定性与维持机制是景观生态学理论的重要基础。由于人类活动干扰和景观斑块自然属性及资源条件约束，荒漠绿洲交错区景观稳定性研究成为干旱区生态学研究热点。选取描述景观斑块大小（MPA）、数量（PD）、大斑块优势度（LPI）和斑块空间关系（ENN）等4个指数，采用统计学中的变异系数和景观稳定性指数分析了荒漠绿洲交错区不同景观水平稳定性。从景观指数稳定性来看，无论是景观或斑块类型水平，斑块间平均距离指数稳定性最高，平均斑块面积指数次之，斑块密度指数居第三，大斑块优势度指数最低。景观与斑块类型水平比较而言，景观尺度同类指数稳定性都高于斑块类型尺度。从景观稳定性时间尺度依赖特征来看，线性趋势分析表明景观水平尺度依赖特征达到了显著水平（P=0.003），低于斑块类型水平的沙质荒漠（P<0.001）与砾质荒漠（P<0.001）。从景观稳定性维持机制来看，Pearson相关分析显示人类活动导致的绿洲化和地下水埋深是影响荒漠绿洲交错区景观稳定性的主要原因（双侧检查都为P<0.01）；沙漠化过程（0.01 < P < 0.05）和相邻斑块属性等自然现状是次要原因。  相似文献   

Savonius型桨叶水动力特性研究     

吴映江  宋瑞银  郑堤  吴烨卿  陈炫光 《海洋工程》2020,38(2):143-150

Savonius桨叶是一种典型的垂直轴阻力型桨叶,在风力发电中广泛应用。这种桨叶具有在多风向作用下单向转动的特性。利用该特性,将其应用于捕获水质点运动方向发生周期性或非周期性改变的波浪能的相关研究。采用Fluent数值仿真软件并基于UDF二次开发技术建立桨叶三维数值模型,分析叶片重叠率、相对入水深度和开口率等参数对桨叶动转矩和功率等水动力特性的影响,搭建实验平台,开展物理模型对照试验。研究结果表明:叶片重叠率有助于减小S型桨叶负转矩;当桨叶在水面上高度与波幅相等时,其功率系数达到最大;在叶片上增加弹片阀开口,可以增大桨叶动转矩系数,当开口面积达到一半时,动转矩系数比未开口桨叶提高28.3%。  相似文献   

苯并15-冠-5—离子液体体系多级逆流萃取分离锂同位素研究          下载免费PDF全文

王兴权  贾永忠  姚颖  肖江  王苏  景燕 《盐湖研究》2019,27(4):70-76

锂的两种天然同位素(~6Li和~7Li)在能源、环境和国防安全等领域具有重要应用价值。以氯化锂溶液为原料,选用苯并15-冠-5和咪唑类离子液体体系对其进行了模拟逆流萃取实验,考察了多级逆流萃取过程中锂的萃取率和锂同位素分离系数的变化规律。同时,对锂同位素富集浓度和富集行为进了研究探讨。结果表明,经10级逆流萃取后,锂的萃取率和同位素分离系数有了明显提高,~6Li富集在有机相,丰度提高了0.299 6%。  相似文献   

Vertical Distribution of Momentum Exchange Coefficient and Sediment Concentration in Estuarine and Coastal Waters     

黄惠明  王义刚  闻云呈  祝慧敏 《中国海洋工程》2010,(4)

Vertical structures of momentum exchange coefficient and sediment concentration are the keys in the research on estuarine and coastal suspended sediment transport. Based on the parabolic mixing length distribution pattern,the distribution pattern of vertical momentum exchange coefficient which is suitable for estuarine and coastal waters is constructed. A comparison with steady flow and measured momentum exchange coefficient during one tidal cycle in the Menai Strait of England shows that the result of this...  相似文献   

Determination of synthetic wind functions for estimating open water evaporation with Computational Fluid Dynamics     

P. Vidal‐López  V. Martínez‐Alvarez  B. Gallego‐Elvira  B. Martín‐Górriz 《水文研究》2012,26(25):3945-3952

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based methodology is proposed to derive convective mass‐transfer coefficients (wind functions) that are required for estimating evaporation of water bodies with the mass‐transfer method. Three‐dimensional CFD was applied to model heat transfer in two water bodies: a Class‐A tank evaporimeter and an on‐farm artificial pond. The standard k–? model assuming isotropic turbulence was adopted to describe turbulent heat transport, whereas the heat and mass transfer analogy was assumed to derive the wind functions. The CFD‐derived wind functions were very similar to those empirically derived from the experimental water bodies. The evaporation rates calculated with the synthetic wind functions were in good agreement with hourly and daily evaporation measurements for the tank and pond, respectively. The proposed CFD‐approach is generalisable and cost effective, because it has low input data requirements. Besides, it provides additional capability of modelling the spatial distribution of the evaporation rate over the water surface. Although the application of CFD to water bodies evaporation modelling is still in development, it looks very promising. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

电位落差法与氧化系数法对砂岩型铀矿氧化还原环境判定研究     

乔浩  李鹏飞  邓长生  王斌堂  梁文展 《铀矿地质》2022,(1):143-148

岩石的电位差(△Eh)的变化与成矿机理及探矿找矿有密切关系。文章以高锰酸钾作为氧化剂,采用电位落差法、氧化系数法来研究砂岩型铀矿的氧化还原电位,系统研究两种方法对砂岩型铀矿△Eh测定结果的影响,提升砂岩型铀矿氧化还原性的检测效率。结果表明,通过矿物成分中的Fe3+/Fe2+值判断矿化带的氧化还原特性,与电位落差法测定的结果相吻合,两种方法得到佐证。可将该电位落差法测砂岩型铀矿氧化还原电位引入铀矿勘测现场,对环境影响较小,现场初步检测工作效率提升。为野外寻矿探矿现场快速地对砂型铀矿氧化还原性判断提供了理论及技术支持。  相似文献