海洋教育：教育思想与实践的嬗变          下载免费PDF全文

肖圆  郭新丽  宁波 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(3):101-105

当今世界,国与国之间海洋实力的竞争,已经从最初对海洋资源的竞争变成海洋人才竞争,而海洋教育则是海洋人才的摇篮,逐渐成为教育体系中不容忽视的重要实践。从少数人海洋教育意识的觉醒,再到如今面向普罗大众的社会海洋教育,由海洋教育衍生的知行、创新、问题思维教育模式,成为推动教育思想与教育实践嬗变的活力因素。文章梳理海洋教育思想及教育实践发展的特点,围绕发展过程中存在的优势与不足,提出海洋教育发展的新路径,使海洋教育更好地服务建设“海洋强国”等国家战略。  相似文献   

Multilateralism in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore     

《Marine Policy》2014

This paper analyzes International Maritime Organization (IMO) involvement in maritime cooperation regime in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore through multilateralism. It begins by introducing the maritime cooperation regime prior to 2001, which was mainly trilateral in nature through Tripartite Technical Expert Group on the Safety of Navigation (TTEG). Although TTEG managed to increase the level of safety of navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore through the implementation of the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in 1981 and Mandatory Ship Reporting System (STRAITREP) in 1998, such cooperation was beset by financial strain and conflict of interests. Subsequently, there was a change in the cooperation regime after 9/11 incident. This paper identifies that the change was contributed by the IMO through a methodology called multilateralism. Three important principles were adopted by IMO in implementing multilateralism in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, namely generalized principles of conduct (respect for sovereignty and compliance with burden sharing principle under Article 43 of UNCLOS 1982), diffuse reciprocity, and indivisibility. This paper concludes that multilateralism by IMO has transformed trilateral cooperation into multilateral cooperation in the Straits of Malacca, combining state actors (littoral states and user states) and non-state actors (non-governmental organizations and international shipping industries).  相似文献   

福建沿海“海丝”文化旅游资源空间结构与开发潜力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭鹏飞  李积普  杨璐  谢红彬 《世界地理研究》2022,31(1):214-224

应用定量统计和GIS分析方法研究福建沿海“海丝”文化旅游资源的类型结构、空间结构特征及资源群开发潜力,为“海丝”文化旅游资源的保护和旅游目的地开发提供决策依据。结果表明：（1）福建沿海“海丝”文化旅游资源分为海上交通、商业贸易、文化融合和宗教文化4大类及12个亚类;（2）从整体空间结构看,资源呈集聚型分布,形成“一带四区”格局,即宁德-福州-莆田-泉州-厦门-漳州的沿海带状区域和以泉州为中心的极核区、以漳州和福州为中心的两个高密度区、以莆田为中心的次级密度区;（3）从各类型资源空间分布特征看,海上交通类资源在沿海港口处高度聚集,商业贸易类资源在福州和泉州的城区及内陆山区河流两岸聚集,文化融合类资源高度聚集在泉州、漳州和福州,宗教文化类资源以泉州为中心在沿海广泛分布;（4）从资源群开发潜力看,泉州为开发潜力最大城市;宗教文化类资源群为最具开发潜力的资源类型。基于以上研究结果,提出构建以“点-轴-网”为格局的福建“海丝”文化旅游资源空间开发格局设想。  相似文献   

GB／T19000—ISO9000国家标准简介及在地勘单位贯彻中面临的间题     

张小琳 《河南国土资源》1996,(2)

ＧＢ／Ｔ１９０００—ＩＳＯ９０００系列标准等同采用了国际通行的质量管理标准。贯彻该标准不仅能提高地勘单位质量管理水平、产品质量，也为地勘单位开展质量体系认证、产品质量认证提供技术依据，增强地勘单位参与国内、外市场竞争的能力。目前在贯标工作中制约因素主要有：地质成果形成特点及地质成果质量管理的特殊性、地质工作投入的减少及现有地质技术人员素质等。然而，贯标是我国经济体制改革深入的要求，是地勘队伍走出低谷、求生存和发展的基本手段。贯标和建立新的经济运行机制之间存在有相互依存、相互促进的关系。  相似文献   

东南亚地震活动与b 值的时空分布特征     

王冠禾  刘绍文  祝文婧 《高校地质学报》2022,28(5):776-786

东南亚地区是“21世纪海上丝绸之路”（以下简称“海洋丝路”）的重要组成部分,该区历史上曾发生十余次巨大地震,地震及其次生地质灾害是威胁东南亚地区经济社会发展和国际合作的主要自然灾害。系统梳理该区地震活动的时空分布特征及评估未来灾害风险格局,对于推进“一带一路”倡议实施及区域经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。文章基于东南亚地区1900年以来M≥5地震的时空分布统计分析和地震b值计算,揭示出该区的地震活动在时间上表现出活跃期与平静期交替变化的特征;空间上表现出明显的聚集效应,成丛性强且主要集中在5个地震统计区内,其中印尼—马来多岛弧盆系地震区和菲律宾群岛地震区的地震活动最为活跃。总体而言,东南亚5个地震区的b值偏低,在0.42~0.91之间。该区内的地震b值也存在时空差异,受大地震事件、俯冲带年龄、活动断裂带和震源深度等众多因素影响,但主控因素在不同区域有所不同。地震b值时空变化特征对区域地震活动预测具有启示作用。上述认识为推进“海洋丝路”工程建设和“一带一路”防灾减灾对策提供了科学支撑。  相似文献   

GIS-based cost distance modelling to support strategic maritime search and rescue planning: A feasibility study     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Geographic information system (GIS) based methodologies are widely used to various problems. However, its potential for application to strategic maritime search and rescue (SAR) planning remains largely unexplored. To investigate the applicability of GIS-based tools to this problem, this paper presents an approach to evaluate accessibility and response times in a sea area. Such information aids to objectify the response effectiveness of a SAR system, which is important for rational resource allocation. The presented methodology accounts for the main characteristics of maritime response, namely spatial accessibility, capabilities of search and rescue units (SRUs) and prevailing wave conditions, which affect the attainable SRU speeds. An application to the Finnish areas of the Gulf of Finland is shown. Despite the existence of some difficulties with currently available tools (e.g. accurate and user-friendly spatial wave models and challenges with using raster-based methods in topologically complex areas) and limitations in knowledge (e.g. the SRU capabilities in actual operations), the results indicate that the methodology provides good opportunities for enhancing maritime decision making.  相似文献   

CONNECTION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON TO MARITIME CONTINENT CONVECTION AND ENSO     

谷德军  李天明  纪忠萍  郑彬 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(1):1-9

The relationship between the intensity of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) and the Nino3.4 index and anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns associated with a strong and weak SCSSM are investigated using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) data and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) data. The SCSSM is significantly positively correlated with the Nino3.4 index in the succeeding northern autumn and winter. In the strong minus weak SCSSM composite, a positive East Asia-Pacific teleconnection (EAP) pattern and a negative Europe-Asian-Pacific teleconnection (EUP) pattern appear in the 500 hPa height difference field; low-level cross-equatorial flows are strengthened over the Maritime Continent (MC) region; positive (negative) precipitation anomalies occur in the South China Sea and western north Pacific (MC). A possible mechanism through which SCSSM affects ENSO is proposed. A strong (weak) SCSSM strengthens (weakens) cross-equatorial flows over the MC. The anomalous cross-equatorial flows cool (warm) the SST around the MC through enhanced (reduced) surface latent heat fluxes. The cooling (warming) further leads to suppressed (enhanced) convection over the MC, and causes the anomalous westerly (easterly) in the equatorial western Pacific, which favors the onset of El Ni?o (La Ni?a) through modulating the positive air-sea feedback process.  相似文献   

Deep structures in the Maritime Territory-Sea of Japan continental margin from seismic data     

V. B. Piip  A. G. Rodnikov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(2):123-129

This paper discusses the results of interpreting seismic profiles on the Earth’s crust of the Maritime Territory and Sea of Japan performed during the 20th century by the Sakhalin Integrated Research Institute and by the Schmidt Joint Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences. The seismic profiles confirmed the presence of structural features under the Maritime Territory and the Sea of Japan that were revealed previously from geological data, such as spreading zones, rifts, deep-seated faults, overthrusts, and subduction zones, suggesting an active type of continental margin in the Far East region. We assumed that a high occurrence of the asthenospheric layer enclosing magmatic chambers explains the high activity of tectonic processes in the Far Eastern continental margin. The identified system of rifts and spreading centers supports this assumption.  相似文献   

矿山巷道三维建模数据组织与算法研究     

侯建光  朱月霞  宋震 《国土资源信息化》2014,(5):29-33

巷道作为矿山的重要组成部分,在矿山开发建设过程中发挥着重要作用,基于虚拟现实技术的巷道三维模拟能够为采矿工程、安全生产、施工、人员及设备管理等提供直观的数据展示和决策支持,其精确程度直接影响着矿山的工程质量与采选能力。本文主要探讨巷道三维建模数据组织方法,直壁拱形断面巷道三维建模的关键算法,并基于实验数据,利用OGRE三维引擎技术完成巷道三维自动建模,验证了数据组织和算法的有效性和优越性。  相似文献   

夏季厄尔尼诺-Modoki和东部型ENSO海表温度异常分布型特征及其与海洋性大陆区域气候异常的联系     

汪婉婷  管兆勇 《气象学报》2018,76(1):1-14

2007年,Ashok等揭示了赤道太平洋区域存在一种三极型分布海表温度异常并称之为厄尔尼诺-Modoki,同时定义了相应的海表温度异常指数EMI（记为I_EM）。在此基础上,利用英国哈得来中心逐月海表温度资料、美国NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析数据集、美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）逐月降水资料（CMAP）,通过在太平洋海表温度异常中扣除厄尔尼诺-Modoki信号后,在Nino1+2区域上定义了东太平洋型海表温度异常指数EPNI（I_EPN）。据此,由I_EPN和I_EM可构成描述热带太平洋海表温度异常变化的一对指数。分析了两个指数相应的海气状态及对海洋性大陆区域气候异常的影响。结果表明,厄尔尼诺-Modoki和东太平洋型海表温度异常及其影响存在显著差异。在北半球夏季,当I_EM处于正位相时,热带太平洋海表温度异常呈现“负-正-负”的结构,海洋性大陆大部分区域海表温度异常为负,此时对流层低层太平洋地区辐合,海洋性大陆地区辐散,对流层高层太平洋地区辐散,海洋性大陆地区辐合。对应于辐合辐散中心,存在着自赤道中太平洋分别向赤道东太平洋和海洋性大陆中东部地区的异常垂直环流圈,同时也存在自海洋性大陆西部向印度洋西部的垂直环流。大气在海洋性大陆区域北部加热,南部冷却;在太平洋地区西部加热而东部冷却;在海洋性大陆区域10°N以南降水偏少,而10°N以北降水偏多。当I_EPN处于正位相时,热带太平洋海表温度异常呈现“西负东正”分布型,海洋性大陆区域海表温度异常呈现“西正东负”分布,对流层低层海洋性大陆地区辐散中心范围偏大、位置偏东、强度偏强,太平洋地区辐合中心范围偏小、位置偏东,热带环流异常在垂直方向上呈斜压结构,海洋性大陆区域北部大气加热而南部冷却,太平洋地区大气均呈加热正异常,海洋性大陆大部分区域降水均偏少,赤道太平洋降水偏多。以上这些结果有利于深刻理解热带太平洋海表温度异常的特征及其对海洋性大陆区域气候的影响。   相似文献