Nautical cartography competences and their effect to the realisation of a worldwide Electronic Navigational Charts database,the performance of ECDIS and the fulfilment of IMO chart carriage requirements     

《Marine Policy》2017

This paper is concerned with the implementation and realisation of a Worldwide Electronic Navigational Charts Database (WEND), adopted by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and its members in supporting marine navigation. It identifies the issue of gaps and overlaps between adjoining Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) and explores its consequences to the operation of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) and the fulfilment of International Maritime Organization (IMO) chart carriage requirements. As the ENCs production is directly dependent on states’ cartographic competences, this paper delves into the coastal states’ jurisdiction in accordance with international law of the sea, and in particular the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and ΙΗΟ and IMO instruments. Through a case study on recently produced ENCs in the Mediterranean and more specifically in the Aegean Sea, this paper documents the necessity to respect states’ cartographic competences in realising the WEND concept and cautions that, otherwise, new and extended overlaps emerge, which pose a risk to the safety of navigation, and, at the same time, become means through which states may promote their geopolitical aspirations as to jurisdiction over certain marine areas.  相似文献   

我国海洋科技创新发展的回顾与思考          下载免费PDF全文

曲探宙 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(10):6-9

文章系统回顾了党的十八大以来我国海洋科技创新在顶层设计、高端技术和惠及民生等方面的重要成果,包括规划编制、体制机制改革、载人深潜、海洋调查、海水淡化、海洋能、海洋卫星、海洋标准计量以及促进民生和经济发展等内容,提出加快海洋科技创新、推动海洋科技向创新引领型转变的思考。  相似文献   

海上丝绸之路起点——泉州港岸线变化的遥感动态研究     

施婷婷  徐涵秋  王帅  方灿莹  林中立  王美雅  唐菲 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(3):407-416

泉州港作为古代海上丝绸之路的起点,今天又成为21世纪“一带一路”的新起点。本文以泉州港1990-2014年共6期的Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,综合应用遥感和GIS技术提取了泉州港的海岸线及海域变化信息,从海岸线的长度、变化速率、分形维数、海域变化面积和海域利用类型5个方面进行海岸线变化及其驱动力分析。研究表明：近24年来,泉州港海岸线长度增加了37.78 km,海岸线的形状总体稳定,但在局部有明显变化。海岸线变化导致的海域变化面积为68.02 km²,其中,建设用地(城市和港口建设)占用的比例最大,围海养殖也是一个重要的利用类型。但泉州港围填海新增面积的利用率不高,超过一半的围填海面积尚未被合理地开发利用。总的来看,新城区建设、临港工业产业兴起和农渔业发展导致了泉州港海岸线的变化。  相似文献   

海上丝路背景下南亚地缘格局的解构与再建构     

马亚华  周亚兰  黄丹华 《世界地理研究》2020,29(3):439-450

印巴战略平衡是南亚地区格局形成的基础,是影响中国海上丝路地缘安全最重要的变量之一。进入21世纪以来,由于印度和巴基斯坦在经济和军事尤其是核力量方面持续不平衡增长以及美国南亚战略发生转向,持续多年的南亚地区均势走向瓦解,以中美印大三角为核心的弹性均势体系正逐步取代过去中印巴和美印巴并行的双三角体系。一个缺少制衡且向西方倾斜的印度,可能会给中国印度洋海上油路安全以及西南边疆稳定带来更多不确定性;巴基斯坦的战略处境更加困难,其作为中国与穆斯林世界桥梁、屏蔽极端势力向新疆渗透的能力会有所削弱。未来中国应积极参与南亚地区再平衡建设,在利用经济合作增进地区互信的同时,还应强化对巴基斯坦的经济和军事支持,并在南亚次大陆周边寻找更多战略立足点,谨防在西太平洋和北印度洋两个方向被美日印联合压制,力求把海上丝路沿线地缘安全风险降到最小。  相似文献   

The stamp of neoliberalism on the UK tonnage tax and the implications for British seafaring     

Victor Oyaro Gekara 《Marine Policy》2010

In 2000 the UK adopted a tonnage tax strategy on ships and related businesses as the main strategy for revitalising its declining shipping industry. In line with EU policy on shipping, UK registered shipping companies were offered fiscal incentives based on reduced corporation taxes while labour was offered support for training. Almost a decade since the introduction of the tax it is clear that the strategy has delivered for business but not for labour. This paper considers the nature and limits of state intervention per se in declining economic sectors in the context of globalisation and a neoliberal approach to governance. It concludes that the problem is often not state intervention but rather the form of intervention, namely one that panders to, and is constrained by, neoliberalism.  相似文献   

面向海陆统筹的综合航海地图集基础地理框架构建     

黄丽娜  杨柳多姿  姚翔宇  侯孟营  任福 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(9):1647-1661

设计和编制海陆统筹的综合航海地图集服务于国家“构建海洋命运共同体”发展目标,同时也是促进海陆文化共融和海陆睦邻合作的重要推力,在当前地图学领域受到普遍关注。本文通过与航海专题图、陆地专题图的对比分析,从地图选题、比例尺、投影、地理分幅等方面探讨了海陆统筹地图集的表达特点,并从海陆并蓄视角出发,提出综合航海地图集基础地理框架的内容体系和构建策略。在此基础上,结合《世界航海地图集》的编制实践设计了其基础地理框架的具体建立方案：(1)中小比例尺地图使用WGS84坐标系,较大比例尺地图使用CGCS2000坐标系;(2)根据专题内容、制图区域、变形需要,制图单元可以使用等差分纬线多圆锥、墨卡托、古德等多种投影;(3)地理底图分为世界地图、典型区域地图、陆地地图、海域地图、航区地图、港口地图6种图型,其系列比例尺内容需按一定规则进行取舍和化简派生得到;(4)地图制图单元采用北方定向,联合地理分幅和地图分幅可生成灵活的图面布局。世界航海专题图集的编制实践表明,应用本文建立的基础地理框架能较好实现海洋与陆地的协调统一表达。  相似文献   

九十年代的中国城市和城市地理研究     

崔功豪 《云南地理环境研究》1990,2(2):36-41

建国以来,尤其是近十年来,中国城市取得了很大发展。但从数量上、质量(结构、功能、水平)上均与经济社会发展要求和现实需要相距甚远。未来十年是中国城市走向现代化的关键时期,中国城市应当走稳定、提高、发展的道路。因此应当有计划地设置城市,加快培育区域核心城市,促进新的城市空间组织的形成发展,积极引导以县城为中心的小城镇建设,提高现有城市的设施和管理水平。城市地理学要加强微观的、各类城市的典型调查和深层研究,着力探索中国城市发展规律,进一步深化城市规划的应用实践,努力进行学科理论和方法论总结的研究。  相似文献   

Public preferences for policy intervention to protect public health from maritime activities: A 14 European country study     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Marine ecosystems provide a wide range of goods and services that directly and indirectly benefit economies and support human health and wellbeing. However, these ecosystems are vulnerable to anthropogenic influences such as climate change, pollution and habitat destruction. The European Union (EU) recognises the role of the blue economy in providing jobs and contributing to economic growth, with the EU Integrated Maritime Policy being a cross-sectoral framework within which maritime activities are managed and coordinated. Sustainability is a central tenet, ensuring that sectors such as aquaculture and offshore wind energy, which are earmarked for growth, must develop in ways that do not negatively impact the health of the marine environment. However, there is currently little consideration of how these activities might impact public health. The current research used survey data from 14 European countries to explore public perceptions of these issues, broadly focusing on 10 maritime activities, with a specific focus on five activities related to the EU’s 2012 Blue Growth Strategy. The respondents appreciated the interconnections between these maritime activities, environmental protection and public health, as well as the potential trade-offs. Preferences for policy intervention to protect public health from different activities were predicted by both marine contact (marine sector employment, recreational activities) and socio-demographic (political attitudes, gender, age) variables, potentially aiding future engagement and communication initiatives. Substantive differences observed across countries in terms of policy preferences for different activities, however, warn against generalising for the European population as a whole.  相似文献   

Ex-seafarers shore-based employment: the current UK situation     

S.J. Pettit  B.M. Gardner  P.B. Marlow  M.M. Naim  R. Nair 《Marine Policy》2005,29(6):521-531

The decline of the British shipping industry has had a significant impact on those sectors of the UK economy which have traditionally relied on ex-seafarers as a source of skilled labour. An in-depth study of the impacts of this problem was undertaken in 2003 to consider the implications of developments which have taken place in the industry since 1996. The UK economy's requirement for people with seafaring experience to fill land-based jobs was assessed, together with the implications of any shortfall. This paper considers the demand aspects of changes which have occurred since 1996.  相似文献   

The policy implications of market failure for the land-based jobs market for British seafarers     

B.M. Gardner  P.B. MarlowM.M. Naim  R. NairS.J. Pettit 《Marine Policy》2007

People with seafaring experience and skills are employed in the maritime sector of the UK economy in land-based jobs as well as in seagoing ones. This paper examines the balance of supply and demand in the land-based jobs market. It then considers the likely effects of a shortfall in the supply of British ships’ officers to fill net vacancies in jobs ashore, including the policy implications of this and the consequences for the economy's maritime skills base if the Government fails to act decisively now to correct market failure.  相似文献