Drained instability analysis of sand under biaxial loading using a 3D material model     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

The diffused and localized instabilities in sand under drained biaxial loading have been analyzed here following a plane strain bifurcation framework, where the rate independent material is defined using a generalized 3D non-associative constitutive model. This study is focused on how various instability modes emerge with respect to initial density, confining pressure, and the applied boundary conditions. Results from large deformation framework have been compared with those from small deformation approximation and the later is noticed to fail in capturing the emergence of diffused modes and predicts delayed onset of localization. The theoretical predictions compares well with existing experimental observations.  相似文献   

Influence of yaw-roll coupling on the behavior of a FPSO: An experimental and numerical investigation     

《Applied Ocean Research》2015

An inconvenience in the experimental set-up of a FPSO in regular waves highlighted occurrence of parametric-roll events promoted by yaw-roll coupling and motivated a combined physical and numerical analysis on the relevance of this phenomenon on the roll resonance, as well as on the water shipping. The model tests examine the ship in head- and bow-sea waves in the zone of the first parametric resonance. Numerically, it is adopted a 3D Domain-Decomposition (DD) strategy combining a weakly-nonlinear potential-flow solver based on the weak-scatterer theory with a shallow-water approximation for the shipped liquid and with a bottom-slamming solution. Detailed comparisons against these and other seakeeping experiments validated the numerical method in its different aspects with global success.At first, a 2-dof equivalent linearized yaw-roll coupled system is examined and the measurements are used to estimate hydrodynamic coefficients required to complete the mathematical model of the problem. Then the DD method is applied to verify the instability occurrence and compared against the experiments. From the analysis, the parametric-roll instability does not occur if all nonlinearities in the roll restoring load are not accounted for. However the amplitude of the resonant roll is affected by the coupling with the other degrees of freedom. Especially the coupling with yaw tends to increase the steady-state roll amplitude. It also affects the water shipping with the trend in reducing its severity for the vessel, this is opposite to the influence of the parametric roll in head-sea waves on the water on deck, as documented in Greco et al. (2014) [4].  相似文献   

淮河流域东北部一次异常特大暴雨的数值模拟研究 Ⅱ: 不稳定条件及其增强和维持机制分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王亦平  陆维松  潘益农  王元 《气象学报》2008,66(2):177-189

利用"淮河流域东北部一次异常特大暴雨的数值模拟研究Ⅰ"的数值模拟结果,分析了几种不稳定对流涡度矢量(CVV)与中尺度深湿对流系统之间的关系,并分析了不稳定条件的增强和维持机制,结果表明:(1)中低层对流不稳定是深湿对流系统发生的先决条件,由于低层存在辐合,使得周围湿空气向暴雨区集中,对流单体在暴雨区汇聚,且发生合并增强,台风左前方向暴雨区输送对流不稳定能量等,是使得暴雨区对流不稳定重新建立和加强的重要机制.(2)深湿对流系统的中低层不仅有对流不稳定,而且还有斜压不稳定、条件对称不稳定,而中高层必须有湿斜压不稳定和条件对称不稳定.深湿对流系统中高层西(北)侧为负MPV2柱,东(南)侧为正MPV2柱;(3)深湿对流系统中惯性不稳定柱与惯性稳定柱相间分布,西(南)侧为负CVV柱,东(北)侧为正CVV柱,负CVV柱对深湿对流起激发作用;(4)惯性不稳定、湿倾斜不稳定和条件不稳定产生强的倾斜式对流,而强的倾斜式上升运动加强了深对流系统北侧高层的南风分量,因深对流系统南侧低层出现补偿性下沉气流,因而低层南风加强,高低空急流中心的加强会进一步加强对流的发展,使得惯性不稳定、湿倾斜不稳定及条件不稳定增强和维持,这是一个正反馈过程.(5)在暴雨中心以东维持一顺切变环流,同时暴雨中心的浅对流单体吸收来自南方的水汽和不稳定能量,中尺度辐合线与β中尺度涡旋对对流单体起组织和增强作用,对流系统中辐合、辐散柱相间分布,强散度柱与强涡柱互伴互耦,都有利于形成中尺度深湿对流系统,使不稳定向纵深方向发展,从而使得不稳定得到增强和维持.  相似文献   

Geomorphic context of channel locational probabilities along the Lower Mississippi River, USA     

Thad A. Wasklewicz  Shawn Anderson  Pin-Shou Liu   《Geomorphology》2004,63(3-4):145-158

Channel change is an important aspect of geomorphological evolution and habitat dynamics in large alluvial rivers. Planimetric maps of channel locations were used to investigate spatio-temporal alluvial channel changes in a geomorphic context along the Lower Mississippi River (LMR). Analyses were conducted with the aid of a time-weighted locational probability map. The locational probability map was constructed in ArcGIS and covered a period of 205 years. An examination of the pixel data from the probability maps indicates a high occurrence of low probability pixels along the Lower Mississippi River, which is in accordance with the dynamism of alluvial rivers. The northern section of the Lower Mississippi River (Columbus, KY to Memphis, TN) has been much more stable than the southern river segments (Helena, AR to Natchez, MS). Areas of high channel probability (channel stability) were often associated with alluvial channel confinement from a combination of flood-plain deposits, geologic structures and large stable islands. Low channel probability locations were found along sections exhibiting the following geomorphic characteristics: changes in meander amplitude, meander neck and chute cutoffs, meander extensional processes and islands lost in channel migrational processes. The results provide a strong foundation for understanding channel change on the Lower Mississippi River and serves as a valuable instrument for future management and restoration schemes.  相似文献   

武汉地区“98.7”暴雨过程大气稳定性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

安洁  张立凤 《应用气象学报》2005,16(3):313-321

文章从环境场的稳定性角度进行研究，取boussinesq近似的二维数学模型，从数值模式每小时输出的预报场中提取暴雨过程中的环境场，通过计算函数极小值的方法，求取层结参数及加热率，讨论实际暴雨过程中不稳定的作用。其结果表明，凝结加热对暴雨不稳定的发生发展作用明显。暴雨初期和强盛期的环境场都可以出现动力不稳定，且不稳定扰动传播方向与基本气流有一个斜交角，属于二维平面波的不稳定。“98.7”暴雨的发生发展是热力和动力共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport in porous media containing nonuniform discrete fractures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thomas Graf  Ren Therrien 《Advances in water resources》2005,28(12):305-1367

Variations in fluid density can greatly affect fluid flow and solute transport in the subsurface. Heterogeneities such as fractures play a major role for the migration of variable-density fluids. Earlier modeling studies of density effects in fractured media were restricted to orthogonal fracture networks, consisting of only vertical and horizontal fractures. The present study addresses the phenomenon of 3D variable-density flow and transport in fractured porous media, where fractures of an arbitrary incline can occur. A general formulation of the body force vector is derived, which accounts for variable-density flow and transport in fractures of any orientation. Simulation results are presented that show the verification of the new model formulation, for the porous matrix and for inclined fractures. Simulations of variable-density flow and solute transport are then conducted for a single fracture, embedded in a porous matrix. The simulations show that density-driven flow in the fracture causes convective flow within the porous matrix and that the high-permeability fracture acts as a barrier for convection. Other simulations were run to investigate the influence of fracture incline on plume migration. Finally, tabular data of the tracer breakthrough curve in the inclined fracture is given to facilitate the verification of other codes.  相似文献   

Instability of sand–silt mixtures     

S.L. Yang  R. Sandven  L. Grande 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(2-4):183-190

The instability of the sand–silt mixtures with different amount of fines contents were studied in this paper. It showed that the slope of the instability lines increases with the increasing relative densities, and it approaches the slope of the failure line (steady state line) at a high relative density. The relationship between the peak stress ratio and the intergranular void ratio can be described by a common curve for all the mixtures with fines contents less than the transitional fines content. There may also exist a unique curve for the relationship between the peak stress ratio and interfine void ratio for the mixtures with fines contents higher than the transitional fines content. If the yield strength ratio is used instead of the peak stress ratio, the relationships can be characterized in the same way.  相似文献   

台风倒槽影响下邯郸大暴雨过程分析     

张海霞 《河南气象》2006,(3):43-45

从天气系统背景、FY-2C卫星产品、水汽通量分布特征和大气稳定度特征等方面,分析了受台风低压倒槽与东移锋面云系的共同影响,于2005年7月21日夜间到23日邯郸市出现的大范围的暴雨天气,结果发现:500hPa槽前中尺度切变线是直接影响产生暴雨的重要系统;地形作用使迎风坡降水增强;中尺度对流云团和雨团关系密切,暴雨中心位于OLR和TBB低值区下面;西部山区的暴雨区水汽主要来源于南海、东海,东部平原大暴雨水汽主要来源于南海;暴雨区上空低层为对流不稳定,高层为对称不稳定。  相似文献   

断层地震孕震的椭圆形区域及其前兆规律   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

孙吉主  唐春安 《地震》1996,16(4):355-362

首先运用岩石介质的损伤本构关系式和断层地震的简单力学模型，讨论了断层和围岩介质系统的相互作用及其失稳过程，通过差分计算，得到了与地震变形和声发射等有关的前兆序列曲线，然后根据实际断层带滑移与错动的分布规律，通过计算机模拟出断层地震的椭圆形孕震区并此解释了Ｐ波初动分布规律。  相似文献   

地震预报新途径的探索     

尹祥础 《内陆地震》1996,10(4):337-341

为了探索地震预报的新途径，本文分析了各种现有主要地震前兆。尽管它们在地震预报工作中曾经起过并且今后还将继续起着重要作用，但是，这些前兆与地震的发生都不存在唯一性的对应关系。这表明，到目前为止，还没有找出这些地震前兆和地震孕育过程之间真正内在的本质联系。本文从震源介质的固有特征及非线性系统不稳定性问题的本质出发，借鉴经典力学中的量纲分析与现代信息论的概念，提出了一个表征孕震系统不稳定性逼近程度的新的无量纲参数Ｙ，称之为ＬＵＲＲ（加载／卸载响应比）。ＬＵＲＲ定义为式中，Ｘ＋和Ｘ－分别是孕震系统在加载和卸载时的响应率。  相似文献