Localization in rate-dependent shearing deformation, with application to torsion testing     

M.S. Paterson   《Tectonophysics》2007,445(3-4):273-280

The localization of plastic deformation in rock is of particular interest in geology in connection with the formation of “ductile” shear zones. It is commonly conjectured that strain softening, as evidenced by a falling stress–strain curve at constant strain rate, is likely to lead to strain localization. Yet observations in torsion tests at constant twist rate fail to show such an effect. However, a more sophisticated analysis using the theory of Fressengeas and Molinari (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1987, 35, 185–211) for material showing strain-rate dependence of the flow stress does show that, when the boundary conditions are specified in terms of displacements, no localization is predicted in case of strain softening. In contrast, if the boundary conditions are set in terms of forces, localization can be expected for a strain softening material. This prediction needs experimental testing.  相似文献   

湿饱和流中的Richardson数和不稳定的研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

杨帅  高守亭  王东海 《地球物理学报》2007,50(2):377-386

本文推导了干、湿饱和流中的Ri数方程.选取华北的一次降水过程，利用模式输出资料计算并对比分析干空气、湿饱和流中Ri方程中的各项，发现干过程中水平风速的垂直切变对干Ri数的变化和不稳定的影响占主导地位，而在湿过程中，湿饱和Ri的分子(Brunt_Vaisala frequency, 简称BVF)对Ri数的变化及不稳定的影响可达到与分母相当的量级. 既然BVF在湿过程中对不稳定有非常重要的影响，我们寻找了更符合湿过程中实际情况的BVF表达式，以对Ri进行修正，从而更好地判断湿过程的不稳定.研究发现，由于考虑了气块的虚温效应和总的水物质混合比的变化，即考虑降水过程中部分液态水脱离气块，有效地减小了雨区的稳定性，使得修正后的湿Ri公式可能更适合于诊断雨区的不稳定.  相似文献   

On the structure of supercritical western boundary currents     

Sang-Ki Lee   《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2001,33(4):219

The structure of supercritical western boundary currents is investigated using a quasi-geostrophic numerical model. The basic flow is of meridional Munk balance, and the input boundary is perturbed by the most unstable wave solution obtained from linear spatial instability calculations. Self-preserving (or equilibrium) solutions are obtained for the model runs at Re=30, 60, 90, and 120, and their energy and vorticity budgets are analyzed. In an analogy with the laboratory turbulence of wall boundary layers, the western boundary layer is divided into inner and outer layers. In the inner layer, the mean energy is dissipated via direct viscous dissipation, while in the outer layer it is converted to the eddy energy via turbulence production. The main scenario is that the mean energy is produced in the inner layer via ageostrophic pressure work divergence, and it is partly removed due to viscous action within a narrow region near the wall, defined here as viscous sub-layer. The remaining portion is converted to the eddy energy via turbulence production in the outer layer, which is in turn transported to the inner layer, then again to the viscous sub-layer where it is ultimately dissipated. In the near-wall side, the vorticity balance of the mean flow is maintained by viscous effect and Reynolds flux divergence, while in the offshore side it is maintained by beta effect and Reynolds flux divergence. The length scale of the supercritical boundary current is roughly , where L_M is the Munk length, as observed from a dimensional analysis.  相似文献   

Inelastic shell instability of thin-walled circular cylinders under external hydrostatic pressure     

Carl T. F. Ross  J. R. Sadler 《Ocean Engineering》2000,27(7)

This paper reports on experimental work carried out on nine thin-walled circular cylinders which were tested to destruction under external hydrostatic pressure. Seven of the cylinders failed through non-symmetric bifurcation buckling and two failed through axisymmetric collapse. The results were used from these tests, together with the results from other experiments, to produce a design chart which could be used for designing against the occurence of elastic and inelastic shell instability.  相似文献   

一次暴雨过程降水强度“双峰”结构成因分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

吴雪剑  费建芳  程小平  黄小刚  郎丰旺 《气象科学》2014,34(3):252-260

利用LAPS再分析高分辨率资料,对2008年6月9—11日浙、赣、皖地区一次具有"双峰"结构的暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:中低层切变线和低空急流是此次暴雨过程的直接影响系统,为暴雨形成提供了良好的动力抬升机制。暴雨过程中暴雨中心区域水汽一直比较充沛且变化较小。对不稳定机制的分析表明,10日03时降水第一峰值可能是由低层对流不稳定和中层条件性对称不稳定机制的共同作用下形成,而条件性对称不稳定可能是10日09时降水出现第二峰值的主要成因,而绝对动量距平调整,则是条件性对称不稳定形成的可能机制。  相似文献   

黄土路堑边坡的失稳破坏因素与变形模式分析     

陈波 《地下水》2011,(4):102-104

针对黄土路堑高边坡的失稳滑塌现象,文章深入研究了黄土路堑高边坡的各种诱发因素,主要通过对黄土本身的结构、性质、黄土湿陷性和水的影响进行分析,得出黄土路堑边坡失稳滑塌的四种破坏机理与变形模式,即开挖后缘拉裂模式,地表水或雨水入渗沿裂隙灌入形成薄弱面的模式,坡脚掏空致使坡体失去支撑而使黄土裂隙张开的模式,坡面冲刷、湿陷、剥...  相似文献   

Hot Subdwarfs in Precataclysmic Binaries     

Vladislav Pustynski  Izold Pustylnik 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,304(1-4):267-270

We present a brief review of the recent results in modeling physical processes in strongly irradiated atmospheres of unevolved companions in precataclysmic binary systems (PCB) and their light curves. Constraints on physical parameters of the hot sdws primaries, thermal instability in upper irradiated atmosphere, monochromatic albedos, the deficit of the total emergent flux compared to the incoming flux from hot sdw primary are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

On the peak level of tearing instability in an ion-scale current sheet: The effects of ion temperature anisotropy     

K.G. Tanaka  M. Fujimoto  I. Shinohara 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(7):510-516

We have systematically surveyed the effects of the ion temperature anisotropy on the peak reconnected flux level of the tearing instability excited in a thick current sheet (its half-thickness D equal to the ion inertial length). A series of two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) simulations have been performed for a magnetotail-like situation, where the ion perpendicular temperature is fixed to balance the magnetic pressure of the lobe while the ion parallel temperature can be varied to give rise to the temperature anisotropy α_i=T_i,perp/T_i,para. Focusing on the behavior of the fastest growing mode (wavelength λ=12D), the results are summarized as follows: (1) The peak levels are larger when the initial α_i is larger and lobe reconnection is obtained only when α_i>1.5. (2) 3-D effects do speed-up the reconnection process but do not change the peak level substantially. (3) The time-scale of gas pressure build-up at the center of magnetic islands relative to the time-scale of reconnected flux growth is identified to be the key issue in determining the peak level. Based on these results for the fastest growing mode with λ=12D, discussion is given on the larger-scale development, that is, what happens when longer wavelength modes are allowed to develop.  相似文献   

Improved bounds on linear instability of barotropic zonal flow within the shallow water equations     

A.D. Clark  I.H. Herron 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3):328-352

Here we develop mathematical results to describe the location of linear instability of a parallel mean flow within the framework of the shallow water equations; growth estimates of near neutral modes (for disturbances subcritical with respect to gravity wave speed) in the cases of non-rotating and rotating shallow water. The bottom topography is taken to be one-dimensional and the isobaths are parallel to the mean flow. In the case of a rotating fluid, the isobaths and the mean flow are assumed to be zonal. The flow is front-like: there is a monotonic increase of mean flow velocity. Our results show that for barotropic flows the location of instabilities will be a semi-ellipse region in the complex wave velocity plane, that is based on the wave-number, Froude number, and depth of the fluid layer. We also explore the instability region for the case of spatially unbounded mean velocity profiles for non-rotating shallow water.  相似文献   

The typical seismic behavior in the vicinity of a large earthquake     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

The Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog (GCMT) was used to construct the spatio-temporal generalized vicinity of a large earthquake (GVLE) and to investigate the behavior of seismicity in GVLE. The vicinity is made of earthquakes falling into the zone of influence of a large number (100, 300, or 1000) of largest earthquakes. The GVLE construction aims at enlarging the available statistics, diminishing a strong random component, and revealing typical features of pre- and post-shock seismic activity in more detail. As a result of the GVLE construction, the character of fore- and aftershock cascades was examined in more detail than was possible without of the use of the GVLE approach. As well, several anomalies in the behavior exhibited by a variety of earthquake parameters were identified. The amplitudes of all these anomalies increase with the approaching time of the generalized large earthquake (GLE) as the logarithm of the time interval from the GLE occurrence. Most of the discussed anomalies agree with common features well expected in the evolution of instability. In addition to these common type precursors, one earthquake-specific precursor was found. The decrease in mean earthquake depth presumably occurring in a smaller GVLE probably provides evidence of a deep fluid being involved in the process. The typical features in the evolution of shear instability as revealed in GVLE agree with results obtained in laboratory studies of acoustic emission (AE). The majority of the anomalies in earthquake parameters appear to have a secondary character, largely connected with an increase in mean magnitude and decreasing fraction of moderate size events (mw5.0–6.0) in the immediate GLE vicinity. This deficit of moderate size events could hardly be caused entirely by their incomplete reporting and can presumably reflect some features in the evolution of seismic instability.  相似文献