Predicting onset of cyclic instability of loose sand with fines using instability curves     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

This study utilises the equivalent granular state parameter, ψ^⁎, as a key parameter for studying static and cyclic instability and their linkage. ψ^⁎ can be considered as a generalisation of the state parameter as first proposed by Been and Jefferies so that the influence of fines content in addition to stress and density state can be captured. Test results presented in this study conclusively showed that ψ^⁎ at the start of undrained shearing and η_IS, the stress ratio at onset of static instability, can be described by a single relationship irrespective of fines content for both compression and extension shearing. This single relationship is referred as instability curve. However, the instability curve in extension shearing is different from that of compression. In this paper, the capacity of the instability curve in predicting triggering of cyclic instability was evaluated experimentally. An extensive series of undrained one-way (compression) and non-symmetric two-way cyclic triaxial tests, in addition to monotonic triaxial tests in both compression and extension were conducted for this evaluation. Furthermore, a published database for Hokksund sand with fines was also used. Test results show that cyclic instability was triggered shortly after the cyclic effective stress path crossed the estimated η_IS-zone(s) as obtained from instability curve(s) irrespective of whether instability occurs in the compression or extension side.  相似文献   

Local analysis of the magnetic instability in rotating magnetohydrodynamics with the short-wavelength approximation     

Xing Wei 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2014,108(2):213-221

We investigate analytically the magnetic instability in a rotating and electrically conducting fluid induced by an imposed magnetic field with its associated electric current. The short-wavelength approximation is used in the linear stability analysis, i.e. the length scale of the imposed field is much larger than the wavelength of perturbations. The dispersion relationship is derived and then simplified to give the criteria for the onset of the magnetic instability in three cases of imposed field, namely, the axial dependence, the radial dependence and the mixed case. The orientation of rotation, imposed field and imposed current is important for this instability.  相似文献   

垂直风切变对螺旋波不稳定的影响     

刘琳  张铭 《气象科学》2010,30(2):158-163

通过建立一系列局地准二维直角坐标系,用以研究垂直风切变对热带气旋中螺旋波不稳定的影响,并计算了螺旋波不稳定增长率在螺旋线上的分布,得到了以下结论:不稳定增长率开始随热带气旋半径增大而增大,在最大风速圈处达最大;然后随半径减小,以后再随半径增大,出现一个局地极值,再以后又减小,即在螺旋线上有两个极值中心;这与实际热带气旋的情况相一致。不稳定螺旋波的增长率与基流的垂直切变和层结参数密切有关,基流垂直切变越大,层结参数越小,则增长率越大;也即Richardson数越小,则不稳定增长率越大。  相似文献   

Three dimensional simulation of a DC free burning arc. Application to lightning physics     

L. Chemartin  P. Lalande  E. Montreuil  C. Delalondre  B.G. Chron  F. Lago 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):371-380

One of the mechanisms assumed to be involved in the ignition channel cut off is associated with the development of instability. Like any other electric arc, lightning channels become unstable if the provided power is insufficient. In order to study this phenomenon, ONERA in collaboration with EDF has performed 3D simulations of a part of a lightning channel in order to compute the main characteristics of the arc and understand in the future the physical conditions for the ignition of instability. The model, based on the resistive magneto hydro dynamic equations, was adapted to the lightning channel context. In a first step, the results were compared to the experiment of Tanaka et al. [Tanaka, S., Sunabe, K., and Goda, Y., 2000. Three dimensional behaviour analysis of D.C. free arc column by image processing technique, XIII Int'l Conf on Gas Discharges and their applications, Glasgow.] on long electric arcs subjected to continuing current at mean sea level. A good agreement between computations and measurements was found for times greater than tens of millisecond. Results also showed that the internal resistance continuously decreases with time. Finally, this model was adapted to investigate the effects of altitude on the characteristics of the arc column. Results showed that the effects of altitudes are negligible for altitudes lower than 4 km.  相似文献   

齐齐哈尔6月19日暴雨成因分析     

祝玉梅  周显伟  申艳美 《黑龙江气象》2010,27(3):1-3

利用常规观测资料、黑龙江省地面加密雨量点资料、国家气象卫星中心FY-2C卫星TBB资料、NCEP再分析资料和齐齐哈尔雷达回波资料对2009年6月19日齐齐哈尔地区暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:高低空急流相耦合不断给暴雨区高层输送冷干空气和低层输送暖湿空气,大气中不稳定能量增加聚集,在能量锋和气旋辐合上升运动触发条件下,中尺度对流云系不断发展,暴雨区云顶TBB在-55℃以下,与高能量区对应;大暴雨区云顶TBB在-60℃以下,与高能量中心相对应;大暴雨区雷达回波反射率因子有明显的弱回波区,径向速度图上有γ中尺度气旋式辐合区和"逆风区"。  相似文献   

Heinrich事件和末次冰期气候的不稳定性   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

鹿化煜  周杰 《地球科学进展》1996,11(1):40-44

对北大西洋深海沉积物的研究表明：末次冰期北大西洋沉积物记录中有多次洋面温度降低、有孔虫含量减少、盐度降低和粗颗粒的碳酸盐碎屑快速堆积的现象，这些时间跨度上千年或几百年的气候快速波动被称为Heinrich事件^{［１－４］}，很难用古气候的米兰科维奇理论来解释。最近对末次冰期中国马兰黄土堆积的调查发现，在末次冰期之中东亚冬季风也有多次加强，它与北大西洋沉积物中的Heinrich事件对应很好，暗示着东亚季风的变迁更直接受控于北半球冰量的变化，而不是过去人们认为的东亚古季风气候变化与地球轨道变化引起太阳辐射变化直接相关。   相似文献   

Forest Canopy Waves: The Long-Wavelength Component     

Manuel Pulido  George Chimonas 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,100(2):209-224

Air flowing over a forest canopy is examined for instabilities driven by Jeffreys' drag mechanism. The calculations indicate that the mechanism is generally effective in strong wind conditions and extremely effective when the boundary layer supports wave trapping. The instability forces the free wind down amongst the trees, creatingepisodes of stress in the foliage.  相似文献   

Nonlinear evolution of a layered stratified shear flow     

V. Lee  C. P. Caulfield   《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2001,34(2-4)

We investigate numerically and theoretically the nonlinear evolution of a parallel shear flow at moderate Reynolds number which has embedded within it a mixed layer of intermediate fluid. The two relatively thin strongly stratified density interfaces are centered on the edges of the shear layer. We are particularly interested in the development of primary and secondary instabilities. We present the results of a stability analysis which predicts that such flows may be unstable to stationary vortical disturbances which are a generalization of an inviscid instability first considered by G.I. Taylor. We investigate the behavior of these “Taylor billows” at finite amplitude through two-dimensional numerical simulations. We observe that the braid regions connecting adjacent primary Taylor billows are susceptible to secondary, inherently two-dimensional instabilities. We verify that these secondary instabilities, which take the form of small elliptical vortices, arise due to a local intensification of the spanwise vorticity in the braid region.  相似文献   

T—lnP图的制作及一些稳定度指数不稳定能量的计算     

董海萍  李振军等 《气象科学》2001,21(4):474-479

本文对T－lnP图（即埃玛图）的制作及一些稳定度指数和不稳定能量的计算进行了较为详细的说明，并进行了实际验证，表明用计算机进行温度对数压力图的制作，不仅方便快捷准确，而且能避免人为的误差。  相似文献   

顺层蠕动边坡变形破坏机理及稳定性动态分析   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11  

杨天鸿  芮勇勤  李连崇  马新民  申力 《工程地质学报》2003,11(2):155-161

本文以阜新海州露天矿边坡为例, 分析了边坡变形规律和破坏机制。在弱层流变试验的基础上, 建立了弱层流变力学模型, 通过确定加速蠕变阶段来临的极限应变量和应变速率, 建立了弱层长期强度的时间效应方程, 对于不同边坡工况进行了动态稳定性评价, 为采取抗滑措施控制蠕动边坡的变形破坏发展提供了科学依据。最后提出了一个边坡加速蠕变阶段来临的预测预报方法, 分析结果和实测资料较为一致。  相似文献