Submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient addition to the coastal zone and coral reefs of leeward Hawai'i     

Joseph H. Street  Karen L. Knee  Eric E. Grossman  Adina Paytan 《Marine Chemistry》2008,109(3-4):355

Multiple tracers of groundwater input (salinity, Si, ²²³Ra, ²²⁴Ra, and ²²⁶Ra) were used together to determine the magnitude, character (meteoric versus seawater), and nutrient contribution associated with submarine groundwater discharge across the leeward shores of the Hawai'ian Islands Maui, Moloka'i, and Hawai'i. Tracer abundances were elevated in the unconfined coastal aquifer and the nearshore zone, decreasing to low levels offshore, indicative of groundwater discharge (near-fresh, brackish, or saline) at all locations. At several sites, we detected evidence of fresh and saline SGD occurring simultaneously. Conservative estimates of SGD fluxes ranged widely, from 0.02–0.65 m³ m^− 2 d^− 1at the various sites. Groundwater nutrient fluxes of 0.04–40 mmol N m^− 2 d^− 1 and 0.01–1.6 mmol P m^− 2 d^− 1 represent a major source of new nutrients to coastal ecosystems along these coasts. Nutrient additions were typically greatest at locations with a substantial meteoric component in groundwater, but the recirculation of seawater through the aquifer may provide a means of transferring terrestrially-derived nutrients to the coastal zone at several sites.  相似文献   

Marine ecosystem approaches to management: challenges and lessons in the United States     

Cassandra Barnes  Katherine W. McFadden 《Marine Policy》2008

This study examined how the United States’ largest marine resource management agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has begun to change its management strategy away from traditional marine resource management approaches towards an Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM). Surveys were conducted with 57 NOAA scientists and resource managers in nine NOAA programs in 8 different geographic regions across the United States in 2005. A qualitative analysis examined the attitudes and experiences of participants with respect to implementing EAM and identified four major challenges to enhancing cooperation and understanding of EAM. We conclude with recommendations for concrete initiatives that future efforts in EAM that any management agency can undertake to facilitate further ecosystem management opportunities.  相似文献   

Combined classifier–quantifier model: A 2-phases neural model for prediction of wave overtopping at coastal structures     

Hadewych Verhaeghe  Julien De Rouck  Jentsje van der Meer 《Coastal Engineering》2008

A 2-phases neural prediction method for wave overtopping is developed. The ‘classifier’ predicts whether overtopping occurs or not, i.e. q = 0 or q > 0. If the classifier predicts overtopping q > 0, then the ‘quantifier’ is used to determine the mean overtopping discharge. The overtopping database set up within the EC project CLASH (De Rouck, J., Geeraerts, J., 2005. CLASH Final Report, Full Scientific and Technical Report, Ghent University, Belgium) is used to train the networks of the prediction method.  相似文献   

Process-based modeling of the overflow-induced growth of erosional channels     

Thieu Quang Tuan  Marcel J.F. Stive  Henk Jan Verhagen  Paul J. Visser 《Coastal Engineering》2008

A new process-based approach is introduced for a more efficient computation of the overflow-induced growth of an erosional channel in a non-cohesive homogeneous narrow landmass such as the breach growth in a sand-dike. The approach is easy to incorporate in a 1D/2DV morphodynamic model to compute the channel growth both vertically and laterally.  相似文献   

Comparison of surface wind stress characteristics over the Tropical Atlantic (10°N–40°S) in fields derived from the UWM/COADS, NCEP/NCAR and QuikSCAT datasets     

Vadlamudi Brahmananda Rao  Emanuel Giarolla  Clóvis Monteiro do Espírito Santo  Sergio Henrique Franchito 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):551-560

A comparison of monthly wind stress derived from winds of NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis and UWM/COADS (The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee/Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) dataset (1950–1993), and of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and satellite-based QuikSCAT dataset (2000–2006), is made over the South Atlantic (10°N–40°S). On a mean seasonal scale, the comparison shows that these three wind stress datasets have qualitatively similar patterns. Quantitatively, in general, from about the equator to 20°S in the mid-Atlantic the wind stress values are stronger in NCEP/NCAR data than those in UWM/COADS data. On the other hand, in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) area the wind stress values in NCEP/NCAR data are slightly weaker than those in UWM/COADS data. In the South Atlantic, between 20° S–40°S, the QuikSCAT dataset presents complex circulation structures which are not present in NCEP/NCAR and UWM/COADS data. The wind stress is used in a numerical ocean model to simulate ocean currents, which are compared to a drifting-buoy observed climatology. The modeled South Equatorial Current agrees better with observations between March–May and June–August. Between December–February, the South Equatorial Current from UWM/COADS and QuikSCAT experiments is stronger and more developed than that from NCEP/NCAR experiment. The Brazil Current, in turn, is better represented in the QuikSCAT experiment. Comparison of the annual migration of ITCZ at 20° and 30°W in UWM/COADS and NCEP/NCAR data sources show that the southernmost position of ITCZ at 30°W in February, March and April coincides with the rainy season in NE Brazil, while the northernmost position of ITCZ at 20°W in August coincides with the maximum rainfall of Northwest Africa.  相似文献   

滨海湿地生态保护及修复研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘书锦  曹海  李丹  王厚军  王秋妍 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(7):29-34

近年来滨海湿地生态修复工作逐渐得到国内外专家学者的重视,滨海湿地生态修复是提升滨海湿地生态系统功能以及提高滨海湿地可持续开发利用的重要手段。文章综述了滨海湿地保护区建设、红线划定及滨海湿地开发管理等相关的研究现状,以及目前滨海湿地生境和生物修复主要的技术方法和手段。并根据目前滨海湿地保护工作存在的问题与不足进行讨论,提出以下4个管理意见：推进滨海湿地保护区及红线划定标准和技术指南的制定;严格管理自然岸线的开发利用,优化利用岸线;拓宽修复资金的来源;加强对滨海湿地修复的理论研究。  相似文献   

Grazing impact of mesozooplankton in an upwelling region off northern California, 2000–2003     

Anne M. Slaughter  Stephen M. Bollens  Gretchen Rollwagen Bollens   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2006,53(25-26):3099

Mesozooplankton (>200 μm) grazing impact (% phytoplankton standing crop consumed d⁻¹) was determined by the gut fluorescence method during three springs (2000, 2001 and 2002) and two winters (2002 and 2003) in a coastal upwelling region off northern California. Wind events, in terms of both magnitude and duration, varied inter-annually and seasonally and included both upwelling-favorable and relaxation events. Grazing impact of mesozooplankton also varied inter-annually and seasonally, and was highest during June 2000 (mean=129% of standing crop d⁻¹), a prolonged period of wind “relaxation” and phytoplankton bloom. In contrast, mean grazing impact was lower during periods of stronger, more persistent winds, more active upwelling, greater cross-shelf transport, and lower chlorophyll concentration (25% and 38% in May–June 2001 and 2002, respectively). Wintertime conditions (January 2002 and 2003) were characterized by weakly upwelling or downwelling-favorable winds, low chlorophyll concentration, and lower mean mesozooplankton grazing impact (13% and 12%, respectively). The larger (>500 μm) size class contributed proportionally more to total mesozooplankton (>200 μm) grazing impact than the smaller (200–500 μm) size class during all sampling periods except spring 2002. These results suggest that mesozooplankton grazing impact is higher in spring than in winter, and that during the spring upwelling season, grazing is higher during periods of wind relaxation (weak upwelling) than during periods of stronger upwelling. Further, these results suggest an important role of mesozooplankton grazers on phytoplankton dynamics in the upwelling region off northern California.  相似文献   

海域使用时空数据管理模式研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

林宁  王江涛  徐文斌 《海洋技术学报》2005,24(1):82-85

随着时间的推移和对海域开发利用的变化以及对海域开发利用程度的提高,海域使用时空数据的动态管理将成为海域使用管理的重要内容。论文通过对海域使用数据的分析,提出了海域使用时空数据管理的模式,在原有海域使用信息的基础上增加时间信息和水深信息的管理,将海域使用数据的空间分类体系和相互影响关系与时空数据的动态管理有机的结合在一起。在空间层次上对海域使用进行重新的归类和补充,建立海域使用空间相互影响关系表,分析了海域使用时空数据的组成,设计了宗海时空数据库结构。按照海域使用时空数据管理模式,采用ESRI MapObjects的GIS图形软件包进行了开发试验,实现了海域使用过程中不同时间、不同空间层次数据的动态管理和时空分析。  相似文献   

海岸带综合管理的核心目的及有关技术的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

金建君  恽才兴  巩彩兰 《海洋湖沼通报》2002,(1):26-31

海岸带是一个自然资源丰富、人口众多、环境问题复杂且动态变化的特殊地区，现在正面临着越来越大的资源和环境压力。为了减少海岸带地区资源的浪费、环境的破坏和生态的恶化，实现海岸带的持续利用，必须加强对海岸带的综合管理。本文认为海岸带综合管理的核心目的就是实现海岸带的可持续发展。文章同时还介绍了RS、GIS技术和“数字海岸”技术在海岸带综合管理中的应用。  相似文献   

福建沿海岛屿土地资源可持续利用研究──以平潭岛为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈传明  黄义雄 《海洋科学》2002,26(4):48-51

以平潭岛为例，分析了平潭岛土地资源的基本状况、土地利用特点和存在问题，提出福建沿海岛屿土地资源可持续利用的原则和途径。  相似文献