Migrating magmatism in a continental arc: Geodynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean revisited   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yener Eyuboglu  M. Santosh  Francis O. Dudas  Sun-Lin Chung  Enver Akaryal&#x; 《Journal of Geodynamics》2011,52(1):2-15

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中印度洋脊Edmond热液区黄铁矿的标型特征及其对海底成矿作用环境的指示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王叶剑  韩喜球  金翔龙  邱中炎  朱继浩 《矿物学报》2011,31(2):173-179

对中印度洋脊Edmond热液区的丘顶和丘坡进行电视抓斗取样,获得了大量的金属硫化物等热液作用产物样品。在进行细致的矿相学分析基础上,对硫化物中黄铁矿的标型特征及其演化进行了详细研究。结果表明,Edmond热液区的黄铁矿可分3种类型,其形态标型和成分标型分别具有以下特征:Ⅰ型:呈自形立方体状,S/Fe原子数比接近于2.00,微量元素具有高Cu,低Zn、As、Pb、Ni和Ag的特点,Cu/Zn值高,平均可达4.26;Ⅱ型:呈半自形立方体状,S/Fe原子数比平均2.03,具有高Zn、Co、低Cu的特点,Cu/Zn值(平均0.04)低;Ⅲ型:主要呈胶状、莓球状,S/Fe原子数比平均2.04,具有Ag、Pb、Zn、As元素富集的特点,Cu/Zn值介于前两者之间(平均1.09)。根据硫化物中矿物共生组合关系,认为这3类黄铁矿分别对应高温、中高温和低温成矿作用,黄铁矿的形态和成分能很好地指示热液区的成矿环境和成矿条件的演变。  相似文献   

Crustal transect from the North Atlantic Knipovich Ridge to the Svalbard Margin west of Hornsund   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Frode Ljones  Asako Kuwano  Rolf Mjelde  Asbjrn Breivik  Hideki Shimamura  Yoshio Murai  Yuichi Nishimura 《Tectonophysics》2004,378(1-2):17-41

The crustal structure along a 312 km transect, stretching from the axial mountains of the North Atlantic Knipovich Ridge to the continental shelf of Svalbard, has been obtained using seismic reflection data and wide angle OBS data. The resulting seismic V_p and V_s models are further constrained by a 2-D-gravity model. The principal objective of this study is to describe and resolve the physical and compositional properties of the crust in order to understand the processes and creation of oceanic crust in this extremely slow-spreading counterpart of the North Atlantic Ridge Systems. V_p is estimated to be 3.50–6.05 km/s for the upper oceanic crust (oceanic layer 2), with a marked increase away from the ridge. The measured V_p of 6.55–6.95 km/s for oceanic layer 3A and 7.10–7.25 km/s for layer 3B, both with a V_p/V_s ratio of 1.81, except for slightly higher values at the ridge axis, does not allow a clear distinction between gabbro and mantle-derived peridotite (10–40% serpentized). The thickness of the oceanic crust varies a lot along the transect from the minimum of 5.6 km to a maximum of 8.1 km. The mean thickness of 6.7 km for the oceanic crust is well above the average thickness for slow-spreading ridges (<10 mm/year half-spreading rate). The areas of increased thickness could be explained by large magma production-rates found in the zones of axial highs at the ridge axis, which also have generated the off-axial highs adjacent the ridge. We suggest that these axial and off-axial highs along the ridge control the lithological composition of the oceanic crust. This approach suggests normal gabbroic oceanic crust to be found in the areas bound by the active magma segments (the axial and off-axial highs) and mantle-derived peridotite outside these zone.  相似文献   

Hydrothermal activity on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Tectonically- and volcanically-controlled venting at 4–5°S     

C.R. German  S.A. Bennett  D.P. Connelly  A.J. Evans  B.J. Murton  L.M. Parson  R.D. Prien  E. Ramirez-Llodra  M. Jakuba  T.M. Shank  D.R. Yoerger  E.T. Baker  S.L. Walker  K. Nakamura 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,273(3-4):332-344

We report results from an investigation of the geologic processes controlling hydrothermal activity along the previously-unstudied southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (3–7°S). Our study employed the NOC (UK) deep-tow sidescan sonar instrument, TOBI, in concert with the WHOI (USA) autonomous underwater vehicle, ABE, to collect information concerning hydrothermal plume distributions in the water column co-registered with geologic investigations of the underlying seafloor. Two areas of high-temperature hydrothermal venting were identified. The first was situated in a non-transform discontinuity (NTD) between two adjacent second-order ridge-segments near 4°02′S, distant from any neovolcanic activity. This geologic setting is very similar to that of the ultramafic-hosted and tectonically-controlled Rainbow vent-site on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The second site was located at 4°48′S at the axial-summit centre of a second-order ridge-segment. There, high-temperature venting is hosted in an  18 km² area of young lava flows which in some cases are observed to have flowed over and engulfed pre-existing chemosynthetic vent-fauna. In both appearance and extent, these lava flows are directly reminiscent of those emplaced in Winter 2005−06 at the East Pacific Rise, 9°50′N and reference to global seismic catalogues reveals that a swarm of large (M 4.6−5.6) seismic events was centred on the 5°S segment over a  24 h period in late June 2002, perhaps indicating the precise timing of this volcanic eruptive episode. Temperature measurements at one of the vents found directly adjacent to the fresh lava flows at 5°S MAR (Turtle Pits) have subsequently revealed vent-fluids that are actively phase separating under conditions very close to the Critical Point for seawater, at  3000 m depth and 407 °C: the hottest vent-fluids yet reported from anywhere along the global ridge crest.  相似文献   

Catastrophic middle Pleistocene jökulhlaups in the upper Susquehanna River: Distinctive landforms from breakout floods in the central Appalachians     

R. Craig Kochel  Richard P. Nickelsen  L. Scott Eaton 《Geomorphology》2009,110(3-4):80-95

Widespread till and moraines record excursions of middle-Pleistocene ice that flowed up-slope into several watersheds of the Valley and Ridge Province along the West Branch of the Susquehanna River. A unique landform assemblage was created by ice-damming and jökulhlaups emanating from high gradient mountain watersheds. This combination of topography formed by multiple eastward-plunging anticlinal ridges, and the upvalley advance of glaciers resulted in an ideal geomorphic condition for the formation of temporary ice-dammed lakes. Extensive low gradient (1°–2° slope) gravel surfaces dominate the mountain front geomorphology in this region and defy simple explanation. The geomorphic circumstances that occurred in tributaries to the West Branch Susquehanna River during middle Pleistocene glaciation are extremely rare and may be unique in the world. Failure of ice dams released sediment-rich water from lakes, entraining cobbles and boulders, and depositing them in elongated debris fans extending up to 9 km downstream from their mountain-front breakout points. Poorly developed imbrication is rare, but occasionally present in matrix-supported sediments resembling debris flow deposits. Clast weathering and soils are consistent with a middle Pleistocene age for the most recent flows, circa the 880-ka paleomagnetic date for glacial lake sediments north of the region on the West Branch Susquehanna River. Post-glacial stream incision has focused along the margins of fan surfaces, resulting in topographic inversion, leaving bouldery jökulhlaup surfaces up to 15 m above Holocene channels. Because of their coarse nature and high water tables, jökulhlaup surfaces are generally forested in contrast to agricultural land use in the valleys and, thus, are readily apparent from orbital imagery.  相似文献   

Crustal structure of a super-slow spreading centre:a seismic refraction study of Mohns Ridge, 72° N     

F. Klingelhöfer  L. Géli  L. Matias  N. Steinsland  & J. Mohr 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,141(2):509-526

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卡尔斯伯格脊 60°~61°E洋脊段多波束后向散射特征及其对构造与岩浆作用强度的指示          下载免费PDF全文

杨驰  韩喜球  王叶剑  李洪林  邱中炎  吴招才 《海洋学研究》2018,36(3):37-49

多波束声纳数据可以有效记录海底地形地貌和底质特征信息。本文利用船载多波束数据对慢速扩张的卡尔斯伯格脊60°~61°E洋脊段的典型构造地貌单元的后向散射强度特征进行了研究,在此基础上,分析了该洋脊段的构造和岩浆作用强度特征。结果表明,洋脊段I以构造拉张作用占主导,脊轴及附近后向散射强度为-29 dB左右,裂谷壁高差可达1 200 m以上,裂谷内断裂发育,裂谷侧翼高度与裂谷宽度的比值为78.7~126.2,裂谷两侧翼部线性构造较少,但轴向正断层面更宽,倾角更小;与洋脊段裂谷中段相比,末端火山活动频率较低但喷发规模较大,火山机构数量和体积也更大,且可发育深大断裂获取深部热源。洋脊段II以岩浆作用占主导,脊轴及附近后向散射强度达-35 dB,裂谷内轴向火山脊发育,裂谷壁高差小于500 m,裂谷侧翼高度与裂谷宽度的比值为77.6~116.8,裂谷两侧翼部线性构造数量众多、长宽比较大且呈近似对称,相邻线性构造之间沉积物广泛分布。通过提取挖掘与底质属性密切相关的多波束后向散射强度数据,结合海底地形地貌的分析,可以为洋中脊的构造和岩浆作用强度的定量研究提供有效的证据。  相似文献   

Canadian expedition to study the Alpha Ridge complex: results of the seismic refraction survey     

I. Asudeh  A. G. Green  D. A. Forsyth 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,92(2):283-301

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北极扬马延岛大气边界层高度的气候特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

张祥  张叶晖  韩靖博  张乐  史婉蓉 《极地研究》2018,30(2):132-139

基于1973—2015年间的全球综合无线电探空资料(IGRA),采用总体理查逊数(Bulk Richardson Number)方法,分析了北极扬马延岛43年间的大气边界层高度变化特征,并对其多年月均大气边界层高度变化以及年均大气边界层高度变化进行深入分析探讨。结果显示,扬马延岛白天对流边界层高度高于夜晚稳定边界层高度,夏季多年月均大气边界层高度远低于冬春季节的高度,夏季平均高度仅为262 m,而冬春季节高度在600 m附近。大气边界层高度的变化与地面相对湿度的变化呈现较好的反相关关系。由于受到墨西哥湾暖流的影响,岛屿全年温差较小,夏季的相对湿度较大,导致潜热通量较多,抑制了边界层内的对流过程,造成夏季大气边界层高度较低。此外,其年均高度在1973—1988年间出现波动下降,而后在1988—1995年快速上升,最后于1995—2015年间变化平稳。  相似文献   

How partial melts of mafic lower crust affect ascending magmas at oceanic ridges     

Astri J. S. Kvassnes  Timothy L. Grove 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(1):49-71

We present experiments showing that the lower oceanic crust should melt efficiently and quickly when heated by hot ascending magmas. Average plagioclase–olivine and plagioclase–augite pairs from the lower crust at the Southwest Indian Ridge have melt–mineral saturation boundaries at 1,190 and 1,154°C, respectively, and melt rapidly (>0.01 mm/h) at 50°C or more above these temperatures. Melting experiments performed on olivine–plagioclase and augite–plagioclase mineral pairs from actual oceanic lower crustal rock samples and under conditions applicable to a MOR setting (1,220–1,330°C, 1 atm, quartz–fayalite–magnetite oxygen buffer, 0.25–24 h) indicate that the resulting disequilibrium melts are linear mixes of the mineral compositions. The rates of melting are slower than the rate of heat-diffusion into a sample and are approximated as: Our results indicate that great care must be taken in backward models using basalt chemistry alone to explore mantle-melting processes, assuming only crystallization and fractionation during ascent, as partial melts may mix with intruded hot magma.  相似文献