能源盆地沉积学及其前沿科学问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘池洋  赵红格  赵俊峰  吴柏林  黄雷  王建强  张东东  张少华 《沉积学报》2017,35(5):1032-1043

赋存油、气、煤和（或）铀能源矿产的沉积盆地,称为能源盆地。沉积作用及建造是影响油气煤铀同盆共存、成藏及分布的重要因素和物质基础。能源等沉积矿产及其形成,是沉积学的重要组成部分。通过讨论能源盆地沉积建造与油气煤铀赋存成藏及分布的内在联系,提出成煤建造在盆地演化和空间分布上,总体处于成油气建造和成铀建造的过渡、衔接部位和承前启后的演化阶段。并探讨了厚煤层的初始成煤物质来源与成因,蚀源区物源对盆地沉积建造、油气储层和铀成矿的重要影响。分析认为当前存在重先进技术观测测试,轻露头区精细剖析的倾向;对后期改造的影响程度和原盆古沉积面貌恢复的水平尚需重视和提高。能源盆地沉积学内涵的自然外延领域广阔,与之相关的前沿科学问题颇多。应将沉积学置于盆地形成演化和改造的时空过程中,兼顾地球环境和生物演变进程,进行整体、动态、综合研究。重点讨论了其中部分相关前沿科学问题,如:沉积盆地动力学、地球环境及生命演变对沉积和成矿作用的影响、有机与无机相互作用对能源矿产形成的影响、事件沉积学及深部作用与成矿作用的关联、能源矿产空间分区性及偏富极形成的沉积学环境、沉积建造和沉积矿产年代学等。  相似文献   

磨刀门河口环流与咸淡水混合层化机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吕紫君  冯佳佳  郜新宇  汪玉平  张梦茹  孔俊 《水科学进展》2017,28(6):908-921

为研究磨刀门盐水混合层化特征,基于SCHISM模型,建立了三维盐度数值模型,根据实测资料对其进行验证。结合水体势能异常理论,对枯季磨刀门河口混合层化的时空变化特征及深槽与浅滩的层化机制差异进行分析。结果表明:磨刀门河口小潮时水体层化最强,中潮时水体层化最弱,且拦门沙至挂定角段水体层化始终较强。磨刀门深槽水体层化主要受纵向平流、纵向水深平均应变和垂向混合影响,而浅滩水体层化则受横向平流、横向水深平均应变和垂向混合影响;磨刀门河口表、底层水体湍动能耗散率较高,而中间水层存在低耗散区,且涨潮时湍动能耗散率比落潮时大。  相似文献   

地埋管换热影响岩土体传热因素及热影响范围分析          下载免费PDF全文

胡彩萍 《山东国土资源》2017,33(8)

该文介绍了地埋管换热器传热模型,对影响地下岩土体传热的地埋管换热功率、持续时间、热泵机组运行的方式与模式、换热器规格、管外回填材料以及地质-水文地质条件等因素进行了探讨,认为周围岩土体热响应范围大小与换热功率大小和持续时间长短、管外回填材料和周围岩土体导热性能高低呈正相关性,热泵机组间歇运行方式有利于地温场的及时恢复,冬季制热夏季制冷模式能削弱单一负荷聚集产生的热影响程度,同等能条件下双U型De32地埋管较单U型De25地埋管热影响范围要大。由于地埋管换热器吸热或放热不平衡而引起的冷热量累积效应,渗流速度越大,热影响范围则越大。济南东部碎屑岩区某模拟夏季工况试验表明,其他条件相同的前提下,8 k W换热功率持续运行,以换热孔为中心,岩体温度响应速率和影响幅度与径向距离成负相关性,距离越近,响应速率和影响幅度越大,反之就越小;47天后,地埋管换热器热影响范围大于5m。  相似文献   

Study of “bright spots” in seismic reflection data     

YANG Li  HAN Liguo  LU Zhanwu  HU Yong 《世界地质(英文版)》2017,20(2)

"bright spot" on reflection seismic profile has been regarded as one of the important indications of oil and gas, and it has been widely used in the oil and gas exploration.Moreover, with the development of new technologies, "bright spot" technique has been gradually applied to the exploration of coal, underground water and other fields, and also in the research of deep structure of the earth.Based on the reviewing of published literatures, the authors described the structural features and generation of "bright spot" on seismic profile for energy resources exploration and crustal-scale deep seismic reflection profiles, and further summarized the applications of the "bright spot" technique in energy resource exploration and deep structure research.  相似文献   

1975-2005年中国铁路机车的CO2排放量   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

何吉成  李耀增 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(1):35-39

基于我国铁路部门逐年统计数据,计算了1975-2005年我国铁路机车的CO₂排放量,分析了我国铁路机车CO₂排放强度及其变化特点。结果表明,由于蒸汽机车不断被内燃机车和电力机车所取代,我国蒸汽机车CO₂年排放量逐年降低,内燃机车的CO₂年排放量逐年上升,铁路机车CO₂总排放量由1975年的4223万t降至2005年的1640万t,CO₂排放强度呈现明显的降低趋势,年均降低2.4 g /换算吨公里。我国铁路机车的CO₂排放量占整个交通运输仓储和邮政行业CO₂排放量的比重也呈逐年降低趋势。  相似文献   

磁暴环电流衰减率对磁层能量状态的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

徐文耀  杜爱民 《地球物理学报》2010,53(6):1247-1255

赤道环电流是引起磁暴扰动的主要电流体系,环电流衰减速率极大地影响着磁层能量收支估计和磁暴预报.本文提出评价环电流衰减率的两条新指标;（1）E指标（磁暴事件总能量收支平衡指标）,即磁暴全过程的积分能量收支平衡;（2）L指标（长期总能量收支平衡指标）,即几年、十几年或更长时段内积分能量收支平衡.我们用1998~2003年44个磁暴事件以及第23太阳周（1998~2008年）11年的连续资料,分别检验了几类衰减率模型对上述两条指标符合的情况.结果表明,PA1978和XD2010两类模型对E指标符合得最好,即无论磁暴强弱,它们均显示出事件总能量收支平衡的基本特征;同时,这两类模型与L指标符合得也最好,即它们的长期积分能量基本平衡,而且磁暴期间的能量消耗表现出明显增强的重要特征.  相似文献   

>0.3 MeV高能电子注入辐射带槽区事件的分析与预报          下载免费PDF全文

陈文磊  谢伦 《地球物理学报》2010,53(12):2796-2804

本文利用低高度太阳同步轨道系列卫星NOAA/POES从1996年到2006年的>0.3 MeV高能电子观测数据,分析了>0.3 MeV高能电子注入辐射带槽区的特征,研究了注入槽区事件与行星际条件、太阳活动和地磁扰动之间的联系.研究表明>0.3 MeV高能电子注入辐射带槽区事件与磁暴的发生密切相关,注入事件的发生与太阳活动的强度有一定的相关性.在此研究的基础上,本文通过分析辐射带槽区>0.3 MeV高能电子通量和Dst指数的相关性,提出了利用Dst指数推算辐射带槽区>0.3 MeV高能电子通量的方法,继而给出了可行的辐射带槽区高能电子辐射环境的预警模式.  相似文献   

Planners to the rescue: Spatial planning facilitating the development of offshore wind energy     

Stephen Jay 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(4):493-499

The development of offshore wind energy has started to take place surprisingly quickly, especially in North European waters. This has taken the wind energy industry out of the territory of planning systems that usually govern the siting of wind farms on land, and into the world of departmental, sectoral regulation of marine activities. Although this has favoured the expansion of offshore wind energy in some respects, evidence suggests that the practice and principles of spatial planning can make an important contribution to the proper consideration of proposals for offshore wind arrays. This is especially so when a strategic planning process is put in place for marine areas, in which offshore wind is treated as part of the overall configuration of marine interests, so that adjustments can be made in the interests of wind energy. The current process of marine planning in the Netherlands is described as an illustration of this.  相似文献   

Investigation of OMA formation and the effect of minerals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haiping Zhang  Ying Zheng  Kenneth Lee  Joseph V. Mullin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(9):1433-1441

Oil-mineral-aggregates (OMA) have been shown to be effective in oil spills cleanup. Experimental work was carried out to study the effects of physical-chemical properties of natural minerals and chemically modified minerals on OMA formation and oil removal. The results showed that the hydrophobicity, particle sizes and specific surface of minerals played an important role in OMA formation. Appropriate hydrophobicity of minerals can enhance the formation of OMA. The surface property of minerals can also influence the shape of OMA. Spherical mineral-oil aggregates were frequently formed with hydrophilic minerals while irregular shaped OMA were observed with hydrophobic minerals. The sizes of OMA also increased when the minerals changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The effects of dispersant and mixing energy were also carefully studied. The results showed that dispersant were a dominant factor. When dispersant was applied, effects of other factors became minimal.  相似文献   

Self‐centering structural systems with combination of hysteretic and viscous energy dissipations     

Weng Yuen Kam  Stefano Pampanin  Alessandro Palermo  Athol J. Carr 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(10):1083-1108

This paper presents an innovative set of high‐seismic‐resistant structural systems termed Advanced Flag‐Shaped (AFS) systems, where self‐centering elements are used with combinations of various alternative energy dissipation elements (hysteretic, viscous or visco‐elasto‐plastic) in series and/or in parallel. AFS systems is developed using the rationale of combining velocity‐dependent with displacement‐dependent energy dissipation for self‐centering systems, particularly to counteract near‐fault earthquakes. Non‐linear time‐history analyses (NLTHA) on a set of four single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems under a suite of 20 far‐field and 20 near‐fault ground motions are used to compare the seismic performance of AFS systems with the conventional systems. It is shown that AFS systems with a combination in parallel of hysteretic and viscous energy dissipations achieved greater performance in terms of the three performance indices. Furthermore, the use of friction slip in series of viscous energy dissipation is shown to limit the peak response acceleration and induced base‐shear. An extensive parametric analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of two design parameters, λ₁ and λ₂ on the response of SDOF AFS systems with initial periods ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 s and with various strength levels when subjected to far‐field and near‐fault earthquakes. For the design of self‐centering systems with combined hysteretic and viscous energy dissipation (AFS) systems, λ₁ is recommended to be in the range of 0.8–1.6 while λ₂ to be between 0.25 and 0.75 to ensure sufficient self‐centering and energy dissipation capacities, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献