中国科学院固体地球科学知识创新工程现状与发展态势     

周少平  张金东  范蔚茗 《地球科学进展》2002,17(5):776-781

回顾了中国科学院国家知识创新试点工程实施以来特别是启动阶段3年里固体地球科学知识创新工程试点各项工作的进展情况，包括项目与经费、创新成果、人才吸引、科研竞争力提升、院地合作推进等方面，分析和总结了中国科学院固体地球科学知识创新工程现状，并展望了固体地球科学知识创新工程若干重要发展态势。  相似文献   

Probability Density Functions as Botanical-Climatological Transfer Functions for Climate Reconstruction     

Norbert Kühl  Christoph Gebhardt  Thomas Litt  Andreas Hense 《Quaternary Research》2002,58(3):381

We present a new procedure, the pdf method (pdf=probability density function), for reconstructing Quaternary climate utilizing botanical data. The procedure includes the advantages of the indicator species method by considering the fossil and modern presence and absence of taxa rather than their frequencies, thus avoiding the need for modern analog plant communities. Overcoming the problematic use of absolute limits to describe climate response ranges is the main progress of the pdf method in comparison to the indicator species method. This advantage results from estimating probability density functions (pdfs) for monthly mean January and July temperature conditional on the present day occurrence of single taxa. Gaussian distributions sufficiently approximate pdfs of many, although not all, studied taxa. On the assumption of statistical independence, the procedure calculates a joint pdf as the product of the pdfs of the individual taxa. This algorithm weights each taxon according to the extent of its climate response range expressed by its covariance structure. We interpret the maximum of the resulting pdf as the most likely climate and its confidence interval as the uncertainty range. To avoid an artificial reduction of uncertainty arising from the use of numerous similar pdfs, a preselection method is proposed based on the Mahalanobis distance between pdfs. The pdf method was applied to the Carpinus phase of a profile from Gröbern, Germany, that spans the last interglaciation (Eemian). The reconstructed most probable January and July temperatures of about 0.0°C and 18.4°C barely differ from the modern values of −0.5°C and 18.3°C.  相似文献   

南向行星际磁场事件与磁暴关系的研究   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

刘绍亮  李立文 《地球物理学报》2002,45(3):297-305

利用172-182年IMP-8飞船的太阳风观测资料和相应地磁活动性指数Dst和AE,研究了43个南向行星际磁场事件期间太阳风和磁层的耦合问题. 与这43个事件对应的地磁暴是中等的和强的磁暴(Dst＜-50nT). 结果表明:(1) 在43个事件中有11个(约占25.6髎)紧随激波之后,18个处于激波下游流场中(占42髎),其余14个(占33髎)和激波没有关连. 绝大多数事件都伴有太阳风动压和总磁场强度的增加;(2) 当行星际晨昏向电场强度EI＞-4mV/m时,只引起磁亚暴,对Dst指数没有明显影响. 仅当EI＜-5mV/m时,磁亚暴和磁暴才会同时出现;(3) 太阳风动压的增加会增强能量向环电流的输入,但不是密度和速度单独起作用,而是以PK=ρV2的组合形式影响能量的输入;(4) 虽然行星际磁场(IMF)南向分量BZ对太阳风和磁层的耦合起着关键作用,但IMF的BX和BY分量相对于BZ的大小对太阳风向磁层的能量传输也有一定影响. 当BX、BY相对BZ较大时能量耦合加强.  相似文献   

Screening model for volatile pollutants in dual porosity soils     

Mohamed M. Hantush  Rao. S. Govindaraju  Miguel A. Marioand Zhonglong Zhang 《Journal of Hydrology》2002,260(1-4):58-74

This paper develops mass fraction models for transport and fate of agricultural pollutants in structured two-region soils. Mass fraction index models, based on a semi-infinite domain solution, are derived that describe leaching at depth, vapor losses through soil surface, absorption, and degradation in the dynamic- and stagnant-water soil regions. The models predict that leaching is the result of the combined effect of the upward vapor-phase transport relative to downward advection, residence time relative to half-life, dispersion, and lateral diffusive mass transfer. Simulations show that leached fraction of volatile compounds does not always decrease monotonically with increased residence time relative to the pollutant half-life, as a result of complex interactions among the different physical and biochemical processes. The results show that leaching, volatilization, and degradation losses can be affected significantly by lateral diffusive mass transfer into immobile-water regions and advection relative to dispersion (i.e. Peclet number) in the mobile-water regions. It is shown that solute diffusion into the immobile phase and subsequent biochemical decay reduces leaching and vapor losses through soil surface. Potential use of the modified leaching index for the screening of selected pesticides is illustrated for different soil textures and infiltration rates. The analysis may be useful to the management of pesticides and the design of landfills.  相似文献   

降水云中液水含量的空基遥感   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘锦丽  吕达仁  张凌  段树 《遥感学报》2003,7(3):227-232

在建立不同降水云垂直结构模式的基础上，利用矢量微波辐射传扬模式进行空基云雨遥感的数值试验。结果表明：星载微波辐射计6．9GHz通道对降水云的冰层很不敏感，而对降水云校总液水含量(LWC)非常敏感；辐射亮温(Tb)随LWC呈单调变化关系；进一步考查这个频率下b的两个极化分量差△Tb(＝Tbv—Tbh)和LWC的关系发现，不同云结构(对流云和层状云)对△Tb-LWC关系影响较小。研究分析表明，6．9GHz的v,h两个通道有可能用于遥感降水云的液水总量。  相似文献   

地图投影的最小二乘二元多项式拟合的误差估计     

张晓盼  齐欢 《测绘科学》2003,28(3):49-51

探讨了在地图投影的最小二乘二元多项式拟合中参考点的分布对拟合误差的影响,提出了一种基于矩阵的秩亏的方法来判断参考点是否在指定次数的二元多项式空间的代数曲线上,并导出在极小范数最小二乘意义下的拟合多项式的误差估计式,公式表明拟合误差和参考点的最小二乘误差无关。  相似文献   

基于新型机载多角度传感器AMTIS的LAI反演     

周宇宇  唐世浩  朱启疆  阎广建 《国土资源遥感》2003,14(4):9-12,21

以实地测量数据为先验知识,利用AMTIS数据对顺义地区的一块小麦地进行了叶面积指数(LAI)反演实验研究,并用实地LAI数据进行了验证。通过利用实测数据作为模型参数,以及对干湿土壤分类和匹配表的调整,使反演结果和反演速度得到了提高。  相似文献   

确定结构基底等效输入地震动的简化方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

窦立军  杨柏坡  雷艳 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(6):17-23

本文用理论和实例计算分析了土与结构间的动力相互作用。根据基底等效输入的地震动相对入射地震动的传递函数特点研究出了一种等效输入的方法，该方法比较好地反映了场地和结构的动力特性对基底等效输入的影响。为利用刚性基底假设理论来分析土-结构动力相互作用提供了一种方法。  相似文献   

ADAPT数字遥测地震台网中传递函数的辨识     

罗新恒  张哲  陈景华  曾令国 《地震地磁观测与研究》2003,24(3):67-74

Adapt系统可以利用脉冲标定波形得到系统的传递函数，它将复杂的传递函数计算过程简化了，用户可以将传递函数的测定作为一种日常工作来做。  相似文献   

GIS中的应用模型及其管理研究   总被引：47，自引：1，他引：47  

王桥  吴纪桃 《测绘学报》1997,26(3):280-282,F003

本文通过对ＧＩＳ模型库系统的研究，讨论了ＧＩＳ应用模型的管理及ＧＩＳ应用模型发展中的若干问题。  相似文献