Application of the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation Method to the Predictability Study of the Kuroshio Large Meander   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WANG Qiang  MU Mu  Henk A. DIJKSTRA 《大气科学进展》2012,29(1):118-134

A reduced-gravity barotropic shallow-water model was used to simulate the Kuroshio path variations.The results show that the model was able to capture the essential features of these path variations.We used one simulation of the model as the reference state and investigated the effects of errors in model parameters on the prediction of the transition to the Kuroshio large meander (KLM) state using the conditional nonlinear optimal parameter perturbation (CNOP-P) method.Because of their relatively large uncertainties,three model parameters were considered:the interfacial friction coefficient,the wind-stress amplitude,and the lateral friction coefficient.We determined the CNOP-Ps optimized for each of these three parameters independently,and we optimized all three parameters simultaneously using the Spectral Projected Gradient 2 (SPG2) algorithm.Similarly,the impacts caused by errors in initial conditions were examined using the conditional nonlinear optimal initial perturbation (CNOP-I) method.Both the CNOP-I and CNOP-Ps can result in significant prediction errors of the KLM over a lead time of 240 days.But the prediction error caused by CNOP-I is greater than that caused by CNOP-P.The results of this study indicate not only that initial condition errors have greater effects on the prediction of the KLM than errors in model parameters but also that the latter cannot be ignored.Hence,to enhance the forecast skill of the KLM in this model,the initial conditions should first be improved,the model parameters should use the best possible estimates.  相似文献   

春季黑潮延伸体海洋锋区经向位移与东亚大气环流的关系   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

马静  徐海明 《气象科学》2012,32(4):375-384

采用高分辨率的海表温度资料定义了春季黑潮延伸体北侧海洋锋区的南北位置,并采用EOF分析、相关分析、合成分析、带通滤波等方法,探讨了其南北向位置变动与高空急流、风暴轴以及后期东亚降水之间的关系。结果表明,春季黑潮延伸体北侧海洋锋区位置的南北变动存在明显的年际、年代际变化,其与6月东亚高空急流、太平洋区域风暴轴的南北位置具有很好的对应关系。当春季黑潮延伸体海洋锋区偏北时,6月东亚高空急流、太平洋区域风暴轴偏北,反之亦然。进一步的研究还表明,春季黑潮延伸体海洋锋区经向位置的变动可通过影响东亚大气环流对6月东亚地区的降水产生影响,黑潮延伸体海洋锋区偏北(南)年,6月雨带有显著的北(南)移。  相似文献   

全新世冲绳海槽北部表层海水温度和初级生产力对黑潮变迁的响应   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

黄小慧  王汝建  翦知湣  王吉良 《地球科学进展》2009,24(6):652-661

在冲绳海槽北部B-3GC孔高分辨率地层年代框架的基础上,利用多种分子生物标志物和生源组分指标,重建了该地区全新世以来表层海水温度和生产力的变化历史.研究发现,U37K-表层海水温度和生产力的变化指示了全新世黑潮及对马暖流分支的变迁.10.6～7.3 ka BP期间,冲绳海槽北部主要受东海陆架冷水团影响,陆源物质输入量增加,初级生产力比较高,表层海水温度较低.7.3～4.6 ka BP期间,黑潮暖流对该区的影响迅速增强,表层海水快速增温,陆源物质输入减少,但是各种生产力指标显示出上升趋势,与该区上升流的出现和迅速发育有关.4.6～2.7 ka BP期间,即全新世普林虫低值事件(PME)期间,表层海水温度明显降低了0.8～1.4℃,陆源物质输入增加,初级生产力和各种生源组分的含量也达到较高水平,说明此时黑潮强度减弱,或者黑潮主流轴向太平洋方向发生偏移,该区再次受到陆架冲淡水的影响.2.7 ka BP以来,虽然黑潮暖流再次影响到该海区,但初级生产力和生源物质输出量继续大幅增高,可能与该地区上升流的持续发育有关.  相似文献   

The 1.90–1.88 Ga magmatism in the southernmost Guyana Shield, Amazonas, Brazil: Geology, geochemistry, zircon geochronology, and tectonic implications     

Cristvo da Silva Valrio  Valmir da Silva Souza  Moacir Jos Buenano Macambira 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2009,28(3):304-320

The southernmost Guyana Shield-Uatumã subdomain, northeastern Amazonas State, Brazil is dominantly formed by granitoid and volcanic rocks from the Água Branca Suite (ABS), undivided Granite Stocks (GS) and São Gabriel volcano–plutonic system (SGS). The ABS is characterized by a granite series that exhibits comparatively low Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio, low (Nb/Zr)_N, high Sr values and high Rb/Zr ratio. Its rocks display metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK 0.94–1.06), high-K calc-alkaline, I normal-type character and have moderately to strongly fractionated rare earth elements (REE) pattern. The SG granites and SGS effusive–ignimbrite–granite association is metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK 0.84–1.18), high-K calc-alkaline, has moderately to weakly fractionated REE trend, higher Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio, lower Sr content and lower Rb/Zr ratio. The ABS geochemical signature is consistent with formation from volcanic arc rocks and small participation of collisional setting rocks, whereas the SG and SGS have post-collisional tectonic rocks-related geochemical signature. This model is in harmony with a post-collisional extensional regime, started with the 1.90–1.89 Ga Água Branca magmatism, and culminated with the 1.89–1.88 Ga São Gabriel system at an early stage of intracratonic reactivation, which included intrusion of mafic dikes. The Uatumã subdomain was related to mantle underplating with continental uplift and its origin involved contributions of 2.3–2.44 Ga Archean-contaminated Trans-Amazonian, 2.13–2.21 Ga Trans-Amazonian, 1.93–1.94/2.0 Ga Tapajós-Parima. Foliation styles point out that part of the Água Branca granitoids recorded later deformational effects, likely related to the Rio Negro Province formation.  相似文献   

裂陷盆地断层的形成和演化——目标砂箱模拟实验与认识   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

童亨茂  孟令箭  蔡东升  吴永平  李绪深  刘明全 《地质学报》2009,83(6):759-774

摘要 断层的分布、活动和演化是裂陷盆地构造研究的核心,也是其油气勘探的关键。大量高精度的三维地震资料表明裂陷盆地内断层分布组合十分复杂,无法用经典构造地质学理论——Anderson模式作出合理的解释, 现有的模式（叠加模式和斜向伸展模式等）也还没有很好地揭示裂陷盆地断层复杂性的实质和断层形成和演化的内在规律。本文以渤海湾盆地张巨河构造带和北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷两个有高精度三维地震资料覆盖、断层分布与组合十分复杂并富含油气的典型裂陷盆地区为原形,进行了目标砂箱模拟实验,再现了目标区构造的基本特征。砂箱实验所揭示裂陷盆地断裂系统的基本特征是：1）基底先存构造（主要所控制的断层构成了盆地断裂系统的基本格架;2）断层的形成与演化决定于基底先存断裂的取向、区域伸展方向及伸展量。首先形成的是有刚性边界基底先存断裂控制的断层。其次,形成的是薄弱带基底先存断裂控制的断层。继而,形成的是小型基底先存断裂控制的断层。最后,在远离基底先存构造的区域,形成与伸展方向垂直的新生断层。3）伸展作用早期,断层的方位主要决定于基底先存断裂的方位。随着伸展量的增大,受伸展方向的影响越来越大,晚期形成的断层常反映区域伸展作用方向。4）不协调递进伸展变形过程是导致裂陷盆地复杂断层体系的根本原因。上述砂箱模拟实验揭示的裂陷盆地在不协调性伸展作用下断层的形成与演化规律可以利用“不协调性准则”从理论上给予解释,表明在裂陷盆地中具有普遍意义。  相似文献   

The Kuroshio Current System as a jet and twin “relative” recirculation gyres embedded in the Sverdrup circulation     

Hideyuki Nakano  Hiroyuki Tsujino  Ryo Furue 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2008,45(3-4):135

By analyzing the results of a realistic ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and conducting a series of idealized OGCM experiments, the dynamics of the Kuroshio Current System is examined. In the realistic configuration, the Kuroshio Current System is successfully simulated when the horizontal resolution of OGCMs is increased from 1/2° to 1/10°. The difference between the two experiments shows a jet, the model’s Kuroshio Extension, and a pair of cyclonic and anticyclonic, “relative,” recirculation gyres (RRGs) on the northern and southern flanks of the jet. We call them recirculation gyres because they share some features with ordinary recirculation gyres in previous studies, and we add the adjective “relative” to emphasize that they may not be apparent in the total field. Similar zonal jet and RRGs are obtained also in the idealized model with a rectangular basin and a flat bottom with a horizontal resolution of 1/6°. The northern RRG is generated by the injection of high potential vorticity (PV) created in the viscous sublayer of the western boundary current, indicating the importance of a no-slip boundary condition. Since there is no streamline with such high PV in the Sverdrup interior, the eastward current in the northern RRG region has to lose its PV anomaly by viscosity before connecting to the interior. In the setup stage this injection of high PV is carried out by many eddies generated from the instability of the western boundary current. This high PV generates the northern RRG, which induces the separation of the western boundary current and the formation of the zonal jet. In the equilibrium state, the anomalous high PV values created in the viscous sublayer are carried eastward in the northern flank of the zonal jet. The southern RRG is due to the classical Rhines–Young mechanism, where low PV values are advected northward within the western boundary inertial sublayer, and closed, PV-conserving streamlines form to the south of the Kuroshio Extension, allowing slow homogenization of the low PV anomalies. The westward-flowing southern branch of this southern RRG stabilizes the inertial western boundary current and prevents its separation in the northern half of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre, where the western boundary current is unstable without the stabilizing effect of the southern RRG. Therefore, in the equilibrium state, the southern RRG should be located just to the north of the center of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre, which is defined as the latitude of the Sverdrup streamfunction maximum. The zonal jet (the Kuroshio Extension) and the northern RRG gyre are formed to the north of the southern RRG. This is our central result. This hypothesis is confirmed by a series of sensitivity experiments where the location of the center of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre is changed without changing the boundaries of the subtropical gyre. The locations of the zonal jets in the observed Kuroshio Current System and Gulf Stream are consistent as well. Sensitivities of the model Kuroshio Current System are also discussed with regard to the horizontal viscosity, strength of the wind stress, and coastline.  相似文献   

招平断裂带北段北延构造及找矿方向浅析          下载免费PDF全文

钮涛  康恺  张志远 《山东国土资源》2022,38(3):19-26

招远-平度断裂带是胶西北地区三大控矿断裂之一,其北部延伸趋向于破头青断裂带.本文分别从招平断裂带北部的2条主要控矿断裂带向深部延伸的规模,蚀变破碎程度、矿化显示、所控制的矿体数量、主矿体规模、所探获资源量、典型矿床特征等方面进行对比,分析确定九曲蒋家断裂带为招平断裂带北延的主要控矿断裂,预测其深部具有较大的找矿潜力.  相似文献   

深地震反射剖面揭露大陆岩石圈精细结构   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

王海燕  高锐  卢占武  李秋生  匡朝阳  刘金凯  侯贺晟  酆少英  熊小松  李文辉  邓攻 《地质学报》2010,84(6):818-839

深地震反射技术已被国际地学界公认为是探测岩石圈精细结构、解决深部地质问题的有效技术手段。自上世纪70年代中期以来,以美国为首的等西方国家和中国相继开展了深地震反射探测技术实验,使用该技术揭露盆地、造山带岩石圈的形成和演化、地球动力学过程,并应用于油气资源远景评价、矿产资源勘察等领域,取得了丰硕的成果。本文扼要介绍深地震反射剖面技术的发展及其部分应用实例。  相似文献   

东秦岭石窑沟斑岩钼矿床地质特征及辉钼矿Re-Os年龄   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高亚龙  张江明  叶会寿  孟芳  周珂  高阳 《岩石学报》2010,26(3):729-739

在东秦岭钼成矿带最近探明的石窑沟大型钼矿床位于近东西向马超营断裂带与北东向石窑沟-焦园断裂带的交汇部位,获得钼金属储量10余万吨,平均品位0.068%。钼矿化呈细脉-网脉状分布于花岗斑岩体及其围岩熊耳群火山岩中,与矿化有关的围岩蚀变有钾长石化、硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化等,具有斑岩型钼矿床的一些基本特点。在矿床中选取5件不同矿化类型的辉钼矿样品,采用ICP-MS法进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得模式年龄131.3±2.4～134.3±2.6Ma,等时线年龄135.2±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.18),形成于早白垩世,与豫西熊耳山地区雷门沟、鱼池岭等钼矿床形成时代相近。据辉钼矿Re含量(8.242×10-6～30.24×10-6)推测,矿床成矿物质主要来自于下地壳。矿床为东秦岭-大别山地区中生代第三期钼成矿作用产物,形成于早白垩世中国东部岩石圈伸展环境。  相似文献   

冈底斯东段汤不拉斑岩Mo-Cu矿床成岩成矿时代与成因研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

王保弟  许继峰  陈建林  张兴国  王立全  夏抱本 《岩石学报》2010,26(6):1820-1832

汤不拉斑岩型钼铜矿床是冈底斯成矿带目前识别出的最东部的一个大型斑岩矿床,但是其成岩成矿时代一直缺乏年代学约束。本文通过对成矿斑岩的系统地球化学研究,采用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb方法和辉钼矿Re-Os方法研究了汤不拉矿床的成岩、成矿年龄。研究结果显示汤不拉花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为19.72±0.20Ma;而辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为20.9±1.3Ma,成岩和成矿时代在误差范围内基本一致,表明斑岩体与矿化的形成时间相近。汤不拉成矿斑岩具有与埃达克质岩相似的地球化学特征,如高Sr、Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N,亏损重稀土Yb与Y,并富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,并具有与新生地壳源林子宗群火山岩相似的(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.70598～0.70676)和εNd(t)(-1.75～-3.27)同位素特征。本文认为汤不拉埃达克质成矿斑岩可能起源于增厚新生下地壳的部分熔融,是在中新世后碰撞构造环境中在板片断离作用下导致的成岩和成矿事件。综合区域上的已有资料,可知整个冈底斯斑岩成矿带后碰撞成矿阶段成岩时间为21～12Ma,成矿时间集中在17～13Ma,成矿时间持续大约4Ma,而汤不拉斑岩型钼铜矿床是后碰撞阶段最早形成的斑岩矿床之一。  相似文献