海藻栽培——传统方式及其改造途径   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

费修绠  鲍鹰  卢山 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(5):575-580

目前所有的海藻栽培技术和方法都是以在对藻类个体和群体的了解为基础的,这就是传统海藻栽培业的基础和出发点.现代生命科学和生物技术的进展和进步已使陆地的农业和医学大为受益,但传统的海藻栽培业还很少应用这些最新的科技成果.实际上自从建立以来最基本的栽培技术没有发生大的变化,这是因为在相当长时期内海藻栽培在技术上比较保守,有许多有待解决的问题,其中最主要的有六个方面.新的栽培种类需要增加,新的技术需要发展和应用,存在的问题需要得到解决和改进.本文就传统海藻栽培业中当前存在的主要问题,可能的改造途径以及它未来的发展方向进行了讨论.  相似文献   

Generation characteristics of Mesozoic syn- and post-rift source rocks,Bonaparte Basin,Australia: New insights from compositional kinetic modelling     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Potential source rocks on the Laminaria High, a region of the northern Bonaparte Basin on the North West Shelf of Australia, occur within the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous early to post-rift sequences. Twenty-two representative immature source rock samples from the Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous (Plover, Laminaria, Frigate, Flamingo and Echuca Shoals) sequences were analysed to define the hydrocarbon products that analogous mature source rocks could have generated during thermal maturation and filled the petroleum reservoirs in the Laminaria High region. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data indicate that all the source rocks contain type II–III organic matter and vary in organic richness and quality. Open system pyrolysis-gas chromatography on extracted rock samples show a dominance of aliphatic components in the pyrolysates. The Plover source rocks are the exception which exhibit high phenolic contents due to their predominant land-plant contribution. Most of the kerogens have the potential to generate Paraffinic–Naphthenic–Aromatic oils with low wax contents. Bulk kinetic analyses reveal a relatively broad distribution of activation energies that are directly related to the heterogeneity in the kerogens. These kinetic parameters suggest different degrees of thermal stability, with the predicted commencement of petroleum generation under geological heating conditions covering a relatively broad temperature range from 95 to 135 °C for the Upper Jurassic−Lower Cretaceous source rocks. Both shales and coals of the Middle Jurassic Plover Formation have the potential to generate oil at relatively higher temperatures (140–145 °C) than those measured for crude oils in previous studies. Hence, the Frigate and the Flamingo formations are the main potential sources of oils reservoired in the Laminaria and Corallina fields. Apart from being a reservoir, the Laminaria Formation also contains organic-rich layers, with the potential to generate oil. For the majority of samples analysed, the compositional kinetic model predictions indicate that 80% of the hydrocarbons were generated as oil and 20% as gas. The exception is the Lower Cretaceous Echuca Shoals Formation which shows the potential to generate a greater proportion (40%) of gas despite its marine source affinity, due to inertinite dominating the maceral assemblage.  相似文献   

Secondary production in a Laminaria hyperborea kelp forest and variation according to wave exposure     

Kjell M. Norderhaug  Hartvig Christie 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

The secondary production of mobile invertebrate fauna in the Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Foslie kelp forest increases with wave exposure level. This faunal group has a key function in transferring kelp carbon to higher levels in the food web. By using a size-frequency method the calculated production was 68 (±18) g D.W. m⁻² yr⁻¹ (±S.E.) at low, 250 (±57) at medium and 308 (±64) at high exposure levels. The calculations included 30 macrofauna species, which accounted for 96% of the specimens registered, with Gastropods, amphipods and bivalves being the most abundant taxa. The calculated secondary production is high, but comparable to that previously reported from other macrophyte systems and was 3%, 8% and 8% of the total primary production at low, medium and high exposure levels, respectively. Our results indicate that large quantities of Laminaria kelp are exported from the system, although the production of sessile animals was not taken into account. The most important factor in determining faunal densities and secondary production was probably habitat size but at low exposure levels the percentage of egg-carrying crustacean females and juveniles were lower than at medium and high exposure levels, thereby indicating lower fitness for animals at low exposure stations.  相似文献   

海带中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯提取工艺评价模型的建立与探讨     

曲桂燕  刘旭  汪东风  袁毅  韩丽君 《海洋科学》2012,36(11):44-49

采用均匀设计从海带中热水提取岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,以粗多糖提取率(Yw)、岩藻糖提取率(Yf)和硫酸根提取率(Ys)为评价指标,并采用综合加权评分法综合考虑各试验因素对以上三个指标的影响.利用Minitab软件分析加权值Y与各因素的相关性,再通过回归方程优化岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的工艺参数.建立了加权值Y与提取温度(X1)、提取时间(X2)和液料比(X3)之间的二次回归模型,即Y=65.2+0.555x1+1.73x2+0.587x3+0.0236x12+0.0939x32-0.110x1x2.优化后获得最佳提取工艺参数.  相似文献   

三十烷醇对海带三个品系雌配子体克隆生长和发育的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

庄岩  戴继勋 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(4):39-42

以海带雌配子休克隆为实验材料,通过施用三十烷醇处理。结果表明,三个品系在供试条件下,LH36生长最好,LH30发育率最高。它们对TA的反应为浓度在0．5～1．0×10-5mg／L时,都有促生长作用,其中LH30反应最敏感,LH10次之。浓度在1．0×10-5mg／L时,发育率最高,其中LH30发育率为51．5％,LH10为18．0％。LH36对各浓度处理的发育反应,差异都不明显。  相似文献   

氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT)基因在海带中的表达   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

武建秋  秦松  邓田  郭晓林  曾呈奎 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(1):28-33

于１９９４年１２月－１９９５年４月,在山东荣城海带育苗场采集海带幼孢子体,用基因枪法将氯氯素乙酰转移酶基因导入海幼孢子体中,４８ｈ后检测到瞬间表达,转化后恢复培养一周,以致死剂量氯霉素筛选,两周后对照组全部死亡,转化组７５株海带中有１１株存活,转化三个月后经ＣＡＴ酶联免疫（ＣＡＴＥＬＩＳＡ）分析,在１１株存活海带中有２株检测到ＣＡＴ基因的表达,结果初步证明了ＣＡＴ基因是海带基因工程的有效选择标记,  相似文献   

Seaweed cultivation: Traditional way and its reformation   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

费修绠  鲍鹰  卢山 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1999,17(3):193-199

INTRODUCTIONSeaweedcultivationisthemosteffectivewayforobtaininglargeamountofseaweedproducts.Thoughseaweedcultivationhasahistoryofonlyafewdecades,itsdevelopmentisfast (Fei,1 996) .Thetotalproductionofcultivatedseaweedatpresentisabout 62 50× 1 0 3tonsfreshweight,ofwhichLaminariaaccountsfor 3 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,Undaria 2 2 0 0x 1 0 3tons,Porphyra 750× 1 0 3tons,Gracilariasp .1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,EucheumaandKappaphycus 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,otherkindofseaweeds 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons.Theestimatedtotal…  相似文献   

褐藻酸降解菌的生长条件及其对海带的生理效应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

肖慧  唐学玺  王艳玲  杨震 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(2):261-264,220

为更好地了解海带病烂的发生机制,针对褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌（Altermonas espejiana）菌株A1的生长及产酶条件进行了初步研究,并用不同浓度的菌液对健康海带进行了感染试验,测定了其体内可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明,该菌株生长和产酶的最适条件为：20℃,0．5％～0．6％褐藻酸钠,pH=7,5,氮源为（NH4）2S04,培养时间72h。此外,感染菌株A1后,海带体内可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量均增加,且随着感染菌液浓度的升高,海带体内可溶性蛋白质含量升高,而可溶性糖含量先升高后降低。  相似文献   

褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带过程中活性氧及抗氧化系统的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄健  唐学玺  刘涛  李永祺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(4):574-578

本文以褐藻酸降解菌为病原体研究褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带的小孢子体不同时期体内的活性氧——超氧负离子自由基 (O-·2 )、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX)和抗坏血酸 (ASA)等的变化。实验结果表明 :海带活性氧 (O-·2 )含量在褐藻酸降解菌感染初期表现为升高 ,随后表现为下降。并且 ,随着褐藻酸降解菌侵染浓度的升高 ,活性氧 (O-·2 )含量呈现上升趋势 ,推测活性氧 (O-·2 )是海带抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的有效防御手段之一。SOD,CAT,ASA在感染的初期起着积极的抵抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的作用 ;APX在褐藻酸降解菌感染的前期没有发挥其抗感染的作用 ,而是在后期显示出了一定的抗感染作用。此结果可为海带病害的机理及幼苗集约化培养过程中病害的防治提供科学的依据。  相似文献   

Study on the breeding technology of heterosis seedling of Laminaria and new combinations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHU Jiansong  LIU Tao  WANG Xiangyu  CUI Jingjin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2004,23(3):563-567

After continuous breeding gametophyte of Laminaria, then breaking protonema, heterosis seedling is got by bilineal hybridization. The result shows that the weight-increasing rate of female and male gametophyte clone cells are 14.03% and 13.87%, after 16 d crossbreeding, the rate of ovulation is up to100%; the length of juvenile sporophyte after 40 d breeding is 2-3 cm. By fanning on the sea, a hybrid combination is primarily screened.  相似文献