2004年与2006年7~9月西北太平洋上空大尺度环流场与天气尺度波动的差别及其对热带气旋生成的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

冯涛  黄荣辉  杨修群  沈新勇  胡开明 《大气科学》2016,40(1):157-175

2004年和2006年是西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)活动具有明显差别的两年,2004年TC的生成位置主要位于西北太平洋的中东部上空,而2006年的TC主要生成在西北太平洋西部与中国南海.本文利用JTWC(Joint Typhoon Warning Center)热带气旋最佳路径数据、NCEP-DOE AMIP-II再分析资料和NOAA的OLR资料分析并比较了2004年与2006年7~9月西北太平洋上空大尺度环境要素场及天气尺度波动对TC生成的作用.分析结果表明:2004年7~9月与2006年7~9月西北太平洋上空季风槽的平均位置没有明显的区别,但是形态有着显著的差异.2004年季风槽的槽线不明显,在西北太平洋中部呈现一显著的气旋式环流;而2006年季风槽的槽线非常明显,槽线南北两侧呈现平直的水平气流,具有明显的水平切变特征.2004年和2006年对流层低层的相对涡度、高层辐散和垂直风切变具有明显的纬向分布差异,这是这两年TC生成的位置具有明显差异的重要原因之 一.并且,本文还分析对比了2004年以及2006年7~9月西北太平洋上空3~8 d周期的天气尺度波动的活 动,其结果表明:2004年和2006年TC的生成大多数与天气尺度波列的活动有关.2004年的天气尺度波列强度比较强,其活动的位置位于西北太平洋中、东侧上空;而2006年西北太平洋上空的天气尺度波列相对较弱,主要活动于中国南海和西北太平洋西部.纬向基本气流的切变与辐合所引起的瞬变扰动动能倾向的水平分布差异是天气尺度波动活动具有以上差异的重要原因.因此,西北太平洋大尺度环境场与天气尺度波动活动的区别共同造成了2004年7~9月的TC生成位置偏东、而2006年7~9月TC的生成位置偏西.  相似文献   

关于《大气环流的若干基本问题》     

吕建华 《大气科学》2016,40(1):78-85

本文简要回顾了《大气环流的若干基本问题》的主要内容.以书中部分内容为例,通过和近期大气环流理论的进展相联系,指出叶笃正和朱抱真在书中表达的主要观点,如对大型涡旋在经圈环流中的第一性作用及其作为联系大气环流各主要成员和物理量输送中心环节的认识,对大型涡旋涡度输送在急流形成和维持中作用的强调,以及对大气环流成员和过程的内在统一性的认识等等,能为后来的理论进展所证实,或者和后来的理论互为补充.两位作者对大气环流物理本质和整体图像的深刻理解对大气环流理论的进一步发展以及理解气候变化的基本动力学依然具有现实的意义.  相似文献   

Ability of an ensemble of regional climate models to reproduce weather regimes over Europe-Atlantic during the period 1961–2000     

Emilia Sanchez-Gomez  S. Somot  M. Déqué 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(5):723-736

One of the main concerns in regional climate modeling is to which extent limited-area regional climate models (RCM) reproduce the large-scale atmospheric conditions of their driving general circulation model (GCM). In this work we investigate the ability of a multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations to reproduce the large-scale weather regimes of the driving conditions. The ensemble consists of a set of 13 RCMs on a European domain, driven at their lateral boundaries by the ERA40 reanalysis for the time period 1961–2000. Two sets of experiments have been completed with horizontal resolutions of 50 and 25 km, respectively. The spectral nudging technique has been applied to one of the models within the ensemble. The RCMs reproduce the weather regimes behavior in terms of composite pattern, mean frequency of occurrence and persistence reasonably well. The models also simulate well the long-term trends and the inter-annual variability of the frequency of occurrence. However, there is a non-negligible spread among the models which is stronger in summer than in winter. This spread is due to two reasons: (1) we are dealing with different models and (2) each RCM produces an internal variability. As far as the day-to-day weather regime history is concerned, the ensemble shows large discrepancies. At daily time scale, the model spread has also a seasonal dependence, being stronger in summer than in winter. Results also show that the spectral nudging technique improves the model performance in reproducing the large-scale of the driving field. In addition, the impact of increasing the number of grid points has been addressed by comparing the 25 and 50 km experiments. We show that the horizontal resolution does not affect significantly the model performance for large-scale circulation.  相似文献   

Large-scale zonal flow and magnetic field generation due to drift-Alfven turbulence in ionosphere plasma     

G.D. Aburjania  Kh.Z. Chargazia  L.M. Zelenyi 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(12):1474-2463

In the present work, the generation of large-scale zonal flows and magnetic field by short-scale collision-less electron skin depth order drift-Alfven turbulence in the ionosphere is investigated. The self-consistent system of two model nonlinear equations, describing the dynamics of wave structures with characteristic scales till to the skin value, is obtained. Evolution equations for the shear flows and the magnetic field is obtained by means of the averaging of model equations for the fast-high-frequency and small-scale fluctuations. It is shown that the large-scale disturbances of plasma motion and magnetic field are spontaneously generated by small-scale drift-Alfven wave turbulence through the nonlinear action of the stresses of Reynolds and Maxwell. Positive feedback in the system is achieved via modulation of the skin size drift-Alfven waves by the large-scale zonal flow and/or by the excited large-scale magnetic field. As a result, the propagation of small-scale wave packets in the ionospheric medium is accompanied by low-frequency, long-wave disturbances generated by parametric instability. Two regimes of this instability, resonance kinetic and hydrodynamic ones, are studied. The increments of the corresponding instabilities are also found. The conditions for the instability development and possibility of the generation of large-scale structures are determined. The nonlinear increment of this interaction substantially depends on the wave vector of Alfven pumping and on the characteristic scale of the generated zonal structures. This means that the instability pumps the energy of primarily small-scale Alfven waves into that of the large-scale zonal structures which is typical for an inverse turbulent cascade. The increment of energy pumping into the large-scale region noticeably depends also on the width of the pumping wave spectrum and with an increase of the width of the initial wave spectrum the instability can be suppressed. It is assumed that the investigated mechanism can refer directly to the generation of mean flow in the atmosphere of the rotating planets and the magnetized plasma.  相似文献   

关于一类时变大系统的平稳振荡     

彭晓林  吴晓非 《成都信息工程学院学报》1992,(4)

本文应用大系统的分解方法以及一个推广的不等式,研究了一类线性时变大系统的平稳振荡问题,得到了一个新的、简洁的结果,并给出了应用实例。  相似文献   

郦道元生平考   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈桥驿 《地理学报》1988,(3)

从公元4世纪初期起,在中国发生了一场大交流中,出现了许多地理学家和地理著作。而其中最杰出的地理学家是郦道元,最杰出的地理著作是他昕撰的《水经注》。郦道元不仅是一位著名的学者,也是一位爱国主义者;《水经注》不仅是一部地理名著,也是一部爱国主义著作。  相似文献   

Classification of rainfall into small- and large-scale events by statistical pattern recognition     

Thomas Skaugen 《Journal of Hydrology》1997,200(1-4):40-57

Scale properties of daily areal rainfall in south-eastern Norway are investigated, and the events are classified into small- and large-scale events by statistical pattern recognition. The coefficient of variation and the standard deviation, computed from all precipitation gauges for one event, are considered to be mutually independent and are assigned gamma densities. The two statistical parameters form a feature vector which is used as the discriminatory variable in the classification algorithm. Empirical and theoretical semivariograms were fitted to the classified sets of events, and the parameters of the semivariogram (nugget, sill and range) were investigated for each set. Different values for all parameters were found, and the differences in range, describing the scale of the phenomena, were further investigated by the use of cross validation with the MSIE (mean squared interpolation error) criterion. Optimal range of daily small-scale precipitation was found to be 16 km (19 km without nugget effect), and 33 km (70 km without nugget effect) for daily large-scale precipitation. These optimal values for range, however, proved to be of small consequence for the estimated areal precipitation using kriging interpolation. Areal precipitation was computed for catchments of size 50 km² and 1200 km², and insignificant differences in the computed areal precipitation were found when applying the class-specific semivariograms instead of the mean semivariogram calculated from all events regardless of class. However, when areal reduction factors (ARFs) were derived from the analytical expressions of the class-specific semivariograms, considerable differences were found for the ARF curves of the two precipitation types. The difference became more marked for precipitation events of low probability of occurrence.  相似文献   

Violent breaking wave impacts. Part 1: Results from large-scale regular wave tests on vertical and sloping walls     

G.N. Bullock  C. Obhrai  D.H. Peregrine  H. Bredmose 《Coastal Engineering》2007

As part of an investigation into the detailed characteristics of wave impacts, experimental data are presented for the impact pressures and forces generated by waves up to 1.7 m high breaking onto a vertical wall and a wall inclined at 27° to the vertical. Particular attention is given to the influence of entrained and entrapped air and, by selecting regular wave conditions that produce impacts, trends are identified for highly variable phenomena that could easily be missed when masked by the even greater variability associated with irregular waves.  相似文献   

Geomorphological research of large-scale slope instability at Machu Picchu, Peru     

Vít Vilímek  Ji&#x;í Zvelebil  Jan Klime&#x;  Zdenk Patzelt  Fernando Astete  Vclav Kachlík  Filip Hartvich 《Geomorphology》2007,89(3-4):241-257

A multidisciplinary approach has been adopted to study the slope movements and landscape evolution at the archaeological site of Machu Picchu and its immediate surroundings. The basic event in the paleogeomorphological evolution of the area was the large-scale slope movement, which destroyed the originally higher ridge between Mt. Machupicchu and Mt. Huaynapicchu. Within remnants of that primary deformation, several younger generations of slope movements occurred. The laboratory analyses of granitoids revealed highly-strained zones on the slopes of Mt. Machupicchu, which strongly affect the largest slope deformation. The borders of the largest slope deformation are structurally predisposed by the existence of fault zones. The majority of various types of slope movements on the so-called Front Slope (E facing) and Back Slope (W facing) are influenced by the alignment between topography and joints. Along with slope movements, fluvial erosion and tectonic disturbance of the rocks have been affecting the evolution of the landscape. A monitoring network for dilatometric and extensometric measurements was used to detect the present-day activity of rock displacements within the archaeological site. In addition to standard mapping of surface hydrogeological phenomena, eleven express slug tests were conducted to verify the infiltration potential of precipitation. The results of these surveys indicate that recent large-scale slope movement as suggested by some previous studies is doubtful, and the detected movements can be explained by individual movements of rock blocks or several other mechanisms including sinking of archaeological structures, subsurface erosion and annual changes in the water content of the soils.  相似文献   

Constraining cosmological models with cluster power spectra     

J. Retzlaff  S. Borgani  S. Gottlöber  A. Klypin  V. Müller 《New Astronomy》1998,3(8):226-646

Using extensive N-body simulations we estimate redshift space power spectra of clusters of galaxies for different cosmological models (SCDM, TCDM, CHDM, ΛCDM, OCDM, BSI, τCDM) and compare the results with observational data for Abell–ACO clusters. Our mock samples of galaxy clusters have the same geometry and selection functions as the observational sample which contains 417 clusters of galaxies in a double cone of galactic latitude |b|>30° up to a depth of 240 h⁻¹ Mpc. The power spectrum has been estimated for wave numbers k in the range 0.03k0.2 h Mpc⁻¹. For k>k_max0.05 h Mpc⁻¹ the power spectrum of the Abell–ACO clusters has a power-law shape, P(k)∝kⁿ, with n≈−1.9, while it changes sharply to a positive slope at k<k_max. By comparison with the mock catalogues SCDM, TCDM (n=0.9), and also OCDM with Ω₀=0.35 are rejected. Better agreement with observation can be found for the ΛCDM model with Ω₀=0.35 and h=0.7 and the CHDM model with two degenerate neutrinos and Ω_HDM=0.2 as well as for a CDM model with broken scale invariance (BSI) and the τCDM model. As for the peak in the Abell–ACO cluster power spectrum, we find that it does not represent a very unusual finding within the set of mock samples extracted from our simulations.  相似文献