中国特别重大自然灾害损失统计的最新进展——《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》解析     

周洪建  王丹丹  袁艺  郝明月 《地球科学进展》2015,30(5):530-538

以《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》(简称《统计制度》)主要执笔人的视角,详细阐述了制度的主要内容、蕴含的科学问题和未来研究方向。《统计制度》报表和指标设计在与现有国家标准保持一致、历经汶川地震等多次重特大灾害实践检验完善、充分吸收相关行业部门意见和建议、适用于多灾种与灾害链损失统计、实用于灾后恢复重建规划编制等方面均体现出其权威性与最新性,《统计制度》具备科学性、综合性、实用性和动态性等特征。《统计制度》在推进特别重大自然灾害损失综合评估、启发涉灾行业部门开展专项深入研究、引领地方建立相关制度等方面具有极大潜力。  相似文献   

A clustering analysis of QSO candidates     

Zhou You-yuan  Fang Dong-ping  He Xiang-tao  Deng Zu-gan 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1987,11(4):282-287

By means of two-point correlation function, clustering analysis (precolation method) and multiplicity funciton, we analyse the clustering of quasars for two samples of quasar candidates, and find that there is no obvious difference between the results of the observed and Monte-Carlo samples, apart from a weak clustering on the scale of 100 Mpc in the former.  相似文献   

Projects,people, professions: Trajectories of learning through a mega-event (the London 2012 case)     

《Geoforum》2015

Planning and organization of large-scale events such as Olympic Games are accomplished by several specialized project organizations, in charge of securing finances, completing the infrastructures, negotiating with multiple stake-holders and the day-to-day management of the actual event. These organizations have to cope with a key challenge. Due to their inherently temporary nature they cannot provide the specialized knowledge and specific “project capabilities” (Davies and Brady) on their own, but have to mobilize them from the past and from outside their boundaries, e.g. from previous events or other mega-projects in the host city. Rather than in permanent organizations, then, the knowledge on preparing and performing mega-events is primarily sedimented and embodied in professionals.Drawing on the planning and organization of the London Olympics 2012 as empirical case, the paper addresses, on the one hand, this particular mobilization process. On the other, it looks at how this process is intertwined with three different trajectories that both affect and are affected by the mega-event: the trajectory of the project that aims to recruit necessary skills; the trajectory of individual persons who perceive working for the Olympics as a rewarding episode in their careers; the trajectory of professional communities that expect learning benefits for the construction and project management industry in the UK.  相似文献   

Comparing effects of land reclamation techniques on water pollution and fishery loss for a large-scale offshore airport island in Jinzhou Bay,Bohai Sea,China     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,72(1-2):29-40

Plans are being made to construct Dalian Offshore Airport in Jinzhou Bay with a reclamation area of 21 km². The large-scale reclamation can be expected to have negative effects on the marine environment, and these effects vary depending on the reclamation techniques used. Water quality mathematical models were developed and biology resource investigations were conducted to compare effects of an underwater explosion sediment removal and rock dumping technique and a silt dredging and rock dumping technique on water pollution and fishery loss. The findings show that creation of the artificial island with the underwater explosion sediment removal technique would greatly impact the marine environment. However, the impact for the silt dredging technique would be less. The conclusions from this study provide an important foundation for the planning of Dalian Offshore Airport and can be used as a reference for similar coastal reclamation and marine environment protection.  相似文献   

中国大范围持续性低温事件与中国南方降水异常   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

符仙月  布和朝鲁 《大气科学》2013,37(6):1247-1260

本文利用1951~2009年的数据资料,探讨了与冬季大范围持续性低温事件对应的中国南方降水多寡的原因以及不同降水类型事件的不同前兆信号。主要结果如下:(1)欧亚大陆中高纬大型斜脊斜槽是中国大范围持续性低温事件的关键环流特征。降水偏多型和偏少型低温事件的中高纬环流系统存在显著差异:当大型斜脊的纬向尺度较大且其正高度距平中心偏强时,斜槽的负距平中心靠近东亚大槽区,西伯利亚高压大范围加强,南侵冷空气活动偏强,使中国南方地区降水偏少。相反,当大型斜脊的纬向尺度相对小时,斜槽位置偏西,西伯利亚高压加强范围偏小,南侵冷空气活动也偏弱,有利于中国南方地区降水偏多。(2)在低温事件中我国南方地区的降水多寡,也取决于西太副高和孟加拉湾南支槽。当西太副高和孟加拉湾南支槽加强时,来自西太平洋、南海和孟加拉湾的三支暖湿气流到达我国南方地区,导致南方降水偏多,反之亦然。(3)不同降水类型低温事件的前兆环流信号(之前1~3侯)显著不同。降水偏多型低温事件前期,源自北大西洋地区的波列向东亚地区传播。降水偏少型事件前期,极涡在欧亚大陆一侧的次极区显著减弱,同时极涡呈两极型,一极伸向南欧及地中海地区,另一极伸向阿留申群岛。在中期—延伸期时间尺度上,这一结果可为持续性低温事件降水形势的预测提供依据。  相似文献   

外存大规模地形实时动态绘制算法     

赵瑞斌  张燕玲  庞明勇  李飞 《测绘科学》2013,38(4):69-71,76

本文结合视点相关的层次细节技术、可见性剔除技术以及多线程技术等,提出一种基于外存中大规模地形实时动态绘制算法。在将原始DEM数据分割成多块标准化地形块的前提下,调度线程根据视景体顶点移动情况预测后续绘制所需地形并将其从外存预先加载到内存;绘制线程主要借助动态四叉树结构、标识矩阵、裁剪视景体来实现地形的多分辨率网格模型快速生成。实验表明,算法能够在普通PC机上实现大规模地形的实时绘制和漫游。  相似文献   

2004年11月7-8日巨磁暴期间场向电流的分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

刘晓灿  陈化然  杜爱民  王源 《地球物理学报》2012,55(7):2153-2161

利用CHAMP卫星磁场数据分析研究了2004年11月7日至8日巨磁暴(Dst<-200 nT)期间大尺度场向电流的分布特征.把方向相同且时间连续的一段场向电流定义为一个电流片,分析结果表明,伴随磁暴的发展,在卫星飞过的两个扇区(早上扇区0200-0400MLT及下午扇区1400-1600MLT)中的大尺度场向电流分布呈现不同的纬向分布特征:随着地磁扰动的增强,早上扇区电流片分布范围向高纬扩展;而下午扇区电流片分布范围则显著地向低纬扩展.与地磁活动SYM-H和AE指数对比分析得出,早上扇区的大尺度电流片的分布特征更多地受到亚暴活动的影响,而下午扇区的电流片分布则明显反映出磁暴环电流活动的特征.  相似文献   

A simple lumped mass model to describe velocity of granular flows in a large flume     

UGAI Keizo 《山地科学学报》2012,9(2):221-231

This paper presents a lumped mass model to describe the run-out and velocity of a series of large flume tests,which was carried out to investigate some propagation mechanisms involved in rapid,dry,dense granular flows and energy transformation when the flows encountered obstacles and reoriented their movement directions.Comparisons between predicted and measured results show that the trend of predicted velocities was basically matched with that of measured ones.Careful scrutiny of test videos reveals that subsequent particles with a higher velocity collided with slowed fronts to make them accelerate. However,this simple model cannot reflect collisions between particles because it treated released materials as a rigid block.Thus,the predicted velocity was somewhat lower than the measured velocity in most cases.When the flow changed its direction due to the variation in slope inclination,the model predicted a decrease in velocity.The predicted decrease in velocity was less than the measured one within a reasonable range of 10% or less.For some cases in which a convexity was introduced,the model also predicted the same trend of velocities as measured in the tests.The velocity increased greatly after the materials took a ballistic trajectory from the vertex of the convexity,and reduced dramatically when they finally made contact with the base of the lower slope.The difference between prediced and measured decrease in velocity was estimated to be about 5% due to the landing.Therefore,the simple lumped mass model based on the energy approach could roughly predict the run-out and velocity of granular flows,although it neglected internal deformation,intergranular collision and friction.  相似文献   

大型工程气候可行性论证中的空间分析方法与应用     

黄世成  程婷  陈兵  周嘉陵 《辽宁气象》2012,(4):90-95

当前大型工程项目的气候可行性论证需要更加精细的评估结论,以满足工程规划、设计和运营等气象防灾减灾的需要。利用1∶25万基础地理信息资料和气象部门在沿湖、沿江、沿海和内陆地区多个大型桥梁工程、核电工程、风电工程等大型工程项目气候可行性论证工作中积累的工程短期气象观测资料和邻近气象站同期同步观测资料、历史气候资料,探讨大型工程气候可行性论证的工程区气候要素极值计算方法和有效的空间插值计算方案,初步建立了基于空间信息分析方法的工程气候可行性论证和系统流程。实际应用表明：采用空间趋势面分析和空间相关分析、空间回归等分析手段的工程气候论证,考虑了项目周边地区气象要素的空间相关性和地形下垫面状况等地理信息,并且具有比常规论证手段更高的计算分辨率,在结合广义极值分析方法后,可以满足大型工程对气象评价的精细化需求。  相似文献   

Thermo-hydro-mechanical simulation of ATLAS in situ large scale test in Boom Clay     

Bertrand François  Lyesse LalouiClément Laurent 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009

Following the need for understanding and quantifying the effect of temperature on the response of a candidate host formation for radioactive waste disposal, finite element modelling of an in situ thermal experiment has been carried out. Based on a thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) finite element approach including a consistent thermo-plastic constitutive model, it has been possible to reproduce the THM response of a clay formation submitted to in situ thermal loading. The simulated large-scale experiment, called ATLAS was designed in the underground research facility (HADES-URF) in Mol, Belgium. After an extensive literature analysis on the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of Boom Clay, laboratory tests were simulated to calibrate model parameters. The results of the finite element modelling of the ATLAS experiment were compared with in situ measurements and revealed the necessity to account for flow diffusion in all three directions through a 2D axisymmetric analysis. Finally, those results were interpreted in the light of elasto-thermoplasticity, which emphasizes the significant role of thermo-plastic processes in the global THM response of the clay formation.  相似文献