IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量中检校场布设方案研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李学友  倪忠礼 《测绘工程》2005,14(4):14-18

在IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量生产中,布设检校场的作用、检校场如何布设、飞行的频率以及飞行中的注意事项等一直是国内外众多学者专家积极讨论的内容.文中对检校场所起的作用进行了系统分析,提出了检校场的布设方案,并进行了大量的实测数据实验,探讨了上述问题.  相似文献   

弱各向异性介质地震波传播特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

苏云  李军  唐娟  黄倩  余世新 《物探化探计算技术》2010,32(2):144-148

随着油气田勘探精度要求越来越高,各向异性已成为不得不考虑的重要因素,因此对地震波在各向异性介质中传播特征的研究具有一定的价值。利用Thomsen提出的弱各向异性理论,通过理论模型数值计算,分析了Thomsen各向异性参数对弱各向异性VTI介质中三种体波的影响。分析结果表明:①参数ε、δ分别影响qP波大角度、中小角度传播的各向异性;②参数(ε-δ)影响qSV波中等角度传播时的各向异性;③参数γ影响qSH波大角度传播的各向异性,且群速度的各向异性要比相速度的各向异性更明显,并会出现复杂的交会区。通过这些研究分析,进一步认识了弱各向异性介质相速度及群速度随各向异性参数变化的规律。  相似文献   

“天绘一号”卫星星敏感器精度分析     

王兴涛  李迎春  李晓燕 《遥感学报》2012,16(S1):90-93

基于双星敏感器光轴夹角在惯性空间保持不变的特性, 探讨了利用在轨测量数据, 分析星敏感器测量误差、安装参数误差及卫星结构变形的方法, 给出了相应的数学模型。通过实际计算, 验证了方法的可行性。  相似文献   

金沙江下游卵石推移质输移分析     

张娜  刘同宦 《地理空间信息》2012,(2):157-160

金沙江下游的推移质输移规律及其泥沙来量和级配对梯级水库的淤积分布以及河势将产生长远影响,需要开展深入研究。在金沙江下游入库控制站三堆子水文站水尺上游100 m布设推移质测验断面,对该站2007年、2008年的推移质进行了测验;分析了卵石推移质的年内分布、横向分布、级配以及推移质输移与水位、流量、流速的关系。研究表明:三堆子河段卵石推移质具有数量大、粒径大、时间集中、强推带集中、推移带随水位左右摆动的特征;全年输沙量接近500000 t;最大粒径卵石一般在140～170 m之间,最大粒径230 mm以上;推移量主要集中在汛期,尤以7～9月为甚,占全年的90%以上;强推带为140～180 m 4条垂线,其输沙量占整个断面输沙量的90%以上;洪水期推移带向右岸偏移,低水期则向左岸偏移。  相似文献   

全站仪不对中不整平条件下的测量     

郭剑琴  宣伟  余锐  纪志刚 《地理空间信息》2012,10(5):114-116

目前,全站仪广泛应用于工程测量,而在实际工作中,会出现全站仪测量无法实现对中整平或者对中整平后无法实施测量的情况。针对这种特殊情况,提出了一种全站仪测量的新思路,通过采用任意旋转角坐标转化的方法,可以将不对中不整平条件下全站仪测量的三维坐标观测值转换到已知坐标系中,并通过实验数据验证转换的精度。实践证明,该方法在实际应用中是可行的。  相似文献   

利用宽角反射/折射和深反射探测剖面揭示三河-平谷大震区深部结构特征   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

赵金仁  张先康  张成科  张建狮  杨卓欣  刘宝峰  刘保金  赵成斌 《地球物理学报》2004,47(4):646-653

利用三河—平谷8.0级大震区实施的深地震反射剖面与宽角反射剖面探测方法获得的结果进行了综合研究和解释. 结果表明：两种探测方法给出的地壳基本分层是一致的,在三河—平谷大震区上地壳的埋深为21～23km,莫霍界面的深度为36～37km;该地区基底结构起伏变化较大,浅部断裂发育,在确定的数条断裂构造带中夏垫断裂是一条特征明显、深浅共存的断裂构造带;震源区周围差异明显的速度异常结构和特殊而复杂的地质构造环境意味着这些部位是发生大地震的有利部位;该地区莫霍界面起伏变化和较厚的反射叠层以及局部复杂的楔形反射带的存在等现象表明,该地区地壳结构发生过强烈的挤压、变形,同时也反映出岩浆活动对下地壳结构进行了物质的和结构的强烈改造,从而构成了该地区复杂的地壳深部结构,可将其视为三河—平谷8.0级大地震孕育和发生的深部要素.  相似文献   

某高速公路下覆采空区的确定及危害程度探讨   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

王玉清  张晓强  张晓春 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(4):30-34

某高速公路部分路段位于煤田浅部边缘地带,为有效评价煤矿采空区对高速公路路基及特大桥工程设施的潜在危害性,有必要查明区内采空区的分布范围和空间特征,确定采空区需要治理的程度,进而为采空区的优化治理方案提供决策依据。本文通过综合物探测量结合工程地质勘察,基本查明了煤矿采空区的分布规律和范围,首次在该区发现并确定了两条隐伏断层,详细分析了其在路基稳定性评价中的作用;明确了采空区的影响范围,从环境地球物理角度对煤矿采空区的治理提出了合理的建议。  相似文献   

均匀倾斜层状地层中地震波球面扩散补偿方法研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘财  刘洋  王典  张凤琴  高振山  李永章 《地球物理学进展》2004,19(3):590-595

在分析地层深度、炮检距以及地层倾角变化对球面扩散补偿因子影响的基础上,总结了不同因素对补偿因子影响的趋势,以及资料处理中常规球面扩散补偿方法的应用条件．实际应用效果表明,该方法能更加合理的保证不同深度地震信息能量的均衡程度,提高资料的可信度。  相似文献   

Effects of geological structures on rainfall-runoff responses in headwater catchments in a sedimentary rock mountain     

Jun Inaoka  Ken'ichirou Kosugi  Naoya Masaoka  Tetsushi Itokazu  Kimihito Nakamura 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5567-5579

Clarifying rainfall-runoff responses in mountainous areas is essential for disaster prediction as well as water resource management. Although runoff is considered to be significantly affected by topography, some previous studies have reported that geological structures also have significant effects on rainfall-runoff characteristics. Particularly in headwater catchments located in sedimentary rock mountains, dips and strikes may significantly affect rainwater discharge. In this study, the effects of geological structures on rainfall-runoff characteristics were investigated based on observed discharge hydrographs from 12 catchments, which lie radially from the summit of a sedimentary rock mountain. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Even though the topographic wetness index (TWI) distributions of the 12 catchments were similar, there were significant differences in their runoff characteristics; (2) Catchments with average flow direction oriented towards the strike direction (strike-oriented catchments) are characterized by large baseflows; (3) Catchments with average flow direction oriented towards the opposite dip direction (opposite dip-oriented catchments) are steep, and this results in quick storm runoff generation; (4) Catchments with average flow direction oriented toward the dip direction (dip-oriented catchments) are gentle, and this results in delayed storm runoff generation. It was presumed that in strike-oriented catchments, large quantities of groundwater flowing along the bedding planes owing to hydraulic anisotropy, exfiltrate and sustain the large amount of the observed baseflow, that is, in strike-oriented catchments, runoff is directly controlled by geological structures. Conversely, in opposite dip-oriented and dip-oriented catchments, runoff is indirectly controlled by geological structures, that is, geological structures affect slope gradients, which result in differences in storm runoff generation. Thus, this study clearly illustrates that geological structures significantly affect rainfall-runoff responses in headwater catchments located in sedimentary rock mountains.  相似文献   

Influence of inclination angles and confining pressures on mechanical behavior of rock materials containing a preexisting crack     

Cheng Zhao  Yimeng Zhou  Qingzhao Zhang  Chunfeng Zhao  Hiroshi Matsuda 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(3):353-370

To deeply understand the cracking mechanical behavior of brittle rock materials, numerical simulations of a rock specimen containing a single preexisting crack were carried out by the expanded distinct element method (EDEM). Based on the analysis of crack tips and a comparison between stress- and strain-based methods, the strain strength criterion was adopted in the numerical models to simulate the crack initiation and propagation processes under uniaxial and biaxial compression. The simulation results indicated that the crack inclination angle and confining pressure had a great influence on the tensile and shear properties, peak strength, and failure behaviors, which also showed a good agreement with the experimental results. If the specimen was under uniaxial compression, it was found that the initiation stress and peak strength first decreased and then increased with an increasing inclination angle α. Regardless of the size of α, tensile cracks initiated prior to shear cracks. If α was small (such as α ≤ 30°), the tensile cracks dominated the specimen failure, the wing cracks propagated towards the direction of uniaxial compression, and the propagation of shear cracks was inhibited by the high concentration of tensile stress. In contrast, if α was large (such as α ≥ 45°), mixed cracks dominated the specimen failure, and the external loading favored the further propagation of shear cracks. Analyzing the numerical results of the specimen with a 45° inclination angle under biaxial compression, it was revealed that lateral confinement had a significant influence on the initiation sequence and the mechanical properties of new cracks.  相似文献