误差非线性的增长理论及可预报性研究   总被引：2，自引：9，他引：2  

丁瑞强  李建平 《大气科学》2007,31(4):571-576

对非线性系统的误差发展方程不作线性化近似，直接用原始的误差发展方程来研究初始误差的发展，提出了误差非线性的增长理论。首先，在相空间中定义一个非线性误差传播算子，初始误差在这个算子的作用下，可以非线性发展成任意时刻的误差；然后，在此基础上，引入了非线性局部Lyapunov指数的概念。由平均非线性局部Lyapunov指数可以得到误差平均相对增长随时间的演变情况；对于一个混沌系统，误差平均相对增长被证明将趋于一个饱和值，利用这个饱和值，混沌系统的可预报期限可以被定量地确定。误差非线性的增长理论可以应用于有限尺度大小初始扰动的可预报性研究，较误差的线性增长理论有明显的优越性。  相似文献   

Application of GIS and logistic regression to fossil pollen data in modelling present and past spatial distribution of the Colombian savanna     

Suzette G. A. Flantua  John H. van Boxel  Henry Hooghiemstra  John van Smaalen 《Climate Dynamics》2007,29(7-8):697-712

Climate changes affect the abundance, geographic extent, and floral composition of vegetation, which are reflected in the pollen rain. Sediment cores taken from lakes and peat bogs can be analysed for their pollen content. The fossil pollen records provide information on the temporal changes in climate and palaeo-environments. Although the complexity of the variables influencing vegetation distribution requires a multi-dimensional approach, only a few research projects have used GIS to analyse pollen data. This paper presents a new approach to palynological data analysis by combining GIS and spatial modelling. Eastern Colombia was chosen as a study area owing to the migration of the forest–savanna boundary since the last glacial maximum, and the availability of pollen records. Logistic regression has been used to identify the climatic variables that determine the distribution of savanna and forest in eastern Colombia. These variables were used to create a predictive land-cover model, which was subsequently implemented into a GIS to perform spatial analysis on the results. The palynological data from the study area were incorporated into the GIS. Reconstructed maps of past vegetation distribution by interpolation showed a new approach of regional multi-site data synthesis related to climatic parameters. The logistic regression model resulted in a map with 85.7% predictive accuracy, which is considered useful for the reconstruction of future and past land-cover distributions. The suitability of palynological GIS application depends on the number of pollen sites, the distribution of the pollen sites over the area of interest, and the degree of overlap of the age ranges of the pollen records.  相似文献   

全过程沉降量预测的Logistic生长模型及适用性研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

徐洪钟施斌  李雪红 《岩土力学》2005,26(3):387-391

地基的全过程沉降量与时间的关系呈S形曲线，可用Logistic生长模型来描述。目前应用的Logistic生长模型，较少考虑模型的适用范围和预测精度等问题。结合工程实例，比较了模型参数估计的三种方法，研究结果表明，采用非线性回归法估计模型参数，可取得较好的预测效果；根据混沌理论，研究了模型的适用范围和预测性能。Logistic生长模型的动态行为由参数α(瞬时沉降速率)决定，当参数α的取值范围在[0，2]之内，该模型预测的最终沉降量是稳定的。  相似文献   

最大熵模型的巴基斯坦遗址预测分布研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴瑞婵  甘淑  于丽君  朱建峰  刘芳 《测绘科学》2021,46(3):96-103

针对巴基斯坦的遗址分布问题,该文通过对巴基斯坦的遗址分布进行预测,基于674处遗址点,选取DEM、土壤类型、土地利用类型、离水距等环境变量作为自变量,构建Maxent遗址预测模型,利用Logistic模型验证Maxent模型的精度,并用Kvamme增益值进一步验证两模型的精度。结果表明,印度河流域遗址分布概率高,北部高地地区遗址分布概率低。Maxent模型和Logistic模型都具有较高的准确度,而Maxent模型的增益值远大于Logistic模型,模型精度更高;在局部尺度下,Maxent模型表现更加稳定,其增益值基本保持不变,而Logistic模型在不同的子区域内增益值并不稳定。Maxent模型对于小规模数据集的预测效果也优于Logistic模型。  相似文献   

江苏及邻近海域深水波浪与增水联合概率分析     

谢冬梅  陈永平  张长宽  李江夏 《海洋工程》2014,32(4):64-71

采用Gumbel Logistic模型对江苏及邻近海域深水极值波浪与增水进行了联合概率分析。首先对联合概率模型参数进行拟合,得到联合超越概率与经验联合超越概率比较图。在此基础上开展有效波高和增水年极值序列联合概率分析,比较了三种经验有效波高与增水重现期组合事件的联合概率,结果表明在选定的13个代表点位处,有效波高在二者的联合概率分布中处于主导地位,采用100年一遇有效波高与10年一遇增水组合事件作为100年一遇联合事件偏保守;而50年一遇有效波高与50年一遇增水以及10年一遇有效波高与100年一遇增水组合事件的联合概率则随着点位的移动而高于或低于100年一遇的水平。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal modelling of informal settlement development in Sancaktepe district, Istanbul, Turkey   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Olena Dubovyk  Richard SliuzasJohannes Flacke 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(2):235-246

In less developed countries, the recent high rates of urban expansion are often associated with the emergence of informal settlements that may exaggerate social and environmental problems and impede sustainable development. An enhanced understanding of informal development may, therefore, be a key for future success in its effective management. This paper explores the possibilities offered by progress in Geo-Information Science and spatial modelling to improve understanding of informal settlement development through comprehensive spatio-temporal analyses. First, it investigates spatial and temporal patterns of the growth of the informal settlements in Sancaktepe district of Istanbul between 1990 and 2005. Second, using a logistic regression model, an analysis of the driving forces of informal development and prediction of probable locations of new informal settlements are performed. A list of spatial factors that are correlated to informal development is compiled and used to build six logistic regression models for different time steps between 1990 and 2005. Population density, slope, and proportion of informal settlements in the neighbourhood were found to be the main predictors influencing the spatial development of informal settlements during the study period. The performance of the models is evaluated and validated to identify those which best explain the informal development in the study area. As a result, three models built for 1990-1995 and 1995-2000 were selected to generate probability maps of informal settlement development, showing the likelihood for each location to be informally developed in the future. These results can be used as a basis for the evaluation of the process of informal development in other parts of Istanbul, as well as in other cities and countries. At the same time, the technique may serve as a decision-making tool for urban planners and policy makers.  相似文献   

Logistic曲线在涠洲油田群含水规律研究中的应用     

洪楚侨  杨志兴  苏崇华  李英蕾 《海洋地质译丛》2011,(1):68-72

含水上升规律研究是油田动态分析的重要内容,应用Logistic生长曲线统一表征油田含水上升规律,并建立了涠洲油田群不同主力产层的油田含水上升模式。研究表明以涠洲组为主力产层的油田在生产过程中具有凸型的含水率上升规律,以角尾组为主力产层的油田在生产过程中具有s型的含水率上升规律,而以流沙港组为主力产层的油田在生产过程中则具有凹型的含水率上升规律。应用涠洲油田不同主力产层典型的含水率上升方程,结合区域产量规划研究,预测了涠洲油田群的产水量情况,为油田群水处理设施的建设规划提供了基础。研究方法对油田开发管理及区域规划具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

基于时空Logistic回归模型的漳州城市扩展预测分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨云龙  周小成  吴波 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(3):374-382

本文提出一种以时空Logistic回归模型来预测城市扩展的新方法。其首先在传统Logistic回归模型中加入空间自相关结构构建空间Logistic回归模型,然后,利用漳州市区近20年(1989-2009年)的数据,建立不同时期城市扩展模拟的多个子空间Logistic回归模型M1,再采用一次平滑指数法综合处理这些时间序列...  相似文献   

基于交通大数据的南昌市中心城区等时圈划分及特征分析     

刘琳琳  郑伯红  骆晨 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(2):220-234

在当前国土空间规划的背景下,自然资源部提出了基于等时圈的中心城区可达性评价方法。本文以南昌市为研究对象,利用静态交通数据和从开放地图平台获取的工作日15:00（平峰）、18:00（晚高峰）和周末的15:00、18:00的动态交通数据分别生成中心城区等时圈,随后使用混淆矩阵及Kappa系数对两种数据的结果进行一致性检验。研究发现：南昌市中心城区大部分区域都位于以八一广场或绿地中央广场为起点的60 min等时圈内,南昌市域大部分区域则位于120 min等时圈内;静态数据生成的等时圈与对应的工作日晚高峰的动态数据生成的等时圈相比仅具有一般一致性,但前者在中心城区尺度与工作日平峰的动态数据生成的等时圈达到了高度的一致性,更适合在中心城区层面评价工作日平峰的可达性;4个时段的动态数据的等时圈结果表明工作日15:00的中心城区可达性明显优于其他3个时段,但各个时段的等时圈覆盖面积占市域面积的比例随车程的增加都呈现出Logistic曲线特征,各曲线增长的关键时间节点能够为等时圈划分提供更有针对性的分级阈值。  相似文献   

Geographically-weighted regression analysis of percentage of late-stage prostate cancer diagnosis in Florida     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

This study assessed spatial context and the local impacts of putative factors on the proportion of prostate cancer diagnosed at late-stages in Florida during the period 2001–2007. A logistic regression was performed aspatially and by geographically-weighted regression (GWR) at the nodes of a 5 km spacing grid overlaid over Florida and using all the cancer cases within a radius of 125 km of each node. Variables associated significantly with high percentages of late-stage prostate cancer included having comorbidities, smoking, being Black and living in census tracts with farmhouses. Having private or public insurance, being married or diagnosed in a for-profit facility, as well as living in census tracts with high household income reduced significantly this likelihood. Geographically-weighted regression allowed the identification of areas where the local odds ratio is significantly different from the ratio estimated using aspatial regression (State-level). For example, the local odds ratios for the comorbidity covariates were significantly smaller than the State-level odds ratio in Tallahassee and Pensacola, while they were significantly larger in Palm Beach. This emphasizes the need for local strategies and cancer control interventions to reduce the percentage of prostate cancer diagnosed at late-stages and ultimately eliminate health disparities.  相似文献