大珠母贝Pinctada　maxima(Jameson)亲贝人工促熟培育与诱导排放精卵的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁飞龙  许国领  邓防茂 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(2)

用亚心形扁藻Platymonassubcoriformis,湛江等鞭藻Isochrysiszhanjiangensis及某些配合饲料培育大珠母贝pinctadamaxima(Jameson)亲贝,可以促进性腺发育成熟并保持易于诱导排放状态。在需要进行人工育苗时,给亲贝以一定的刺激,即可诱导产卵排精。采用这种方法进行大珠母贝人工育苗,受精率和活率都比剖贝取卵授精的方法高。而且不用杀死大珠母贝亲贝。  相似文献   

The Statistical Distribution of the Horizontal Velocities of Water Particles at Wave Surface Maxima     

GUAN Changlong Professor 《中国海洋工程》1998,(3)

On the basis of the linear model of random sea waves presented by Longuet-Higgins,the statis-tical distribution of the horizontal velocities of water particles at wave surface maxima is derivedtheoretically.The derived distribution is similar to that of wave surface maxima,and a new spectral widthε_u,which is defined as(1-(m_3~2/m_2m_4))~(1/2),is introduced in the distribution.When ε_u tends to zero,the distribu-tion is reduced to Rayleigh distribution and it is reduced to the normal distribution when ε_u tends to unity.For a narrow spectrum,it is proved that ε is equal to 1/2ε,where ε is(1-(m_2~2/m_0m_4))~(1/2)and is the commonlyused spectral width..  相似文献   

极大螺旋藻铁型超氧物歧化酶的纯化及性质   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陶明煊  吴国荣  陆长梅  程光宇  魏锦城 《湖泊科学》1999,(1)

极大螺旋藻 Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｍａｘｉｍａ藻体ＳＯＤ聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳呈现４条同工 酶带, Ｈ_ ２Ｏ_２明显抑制该酶活性, ＫＣＮ对酶活性无影响,确认为 Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ经硫酸铵分部盐析、离子交 换柱层析及凝胶过滤,纯化到电泳单斑点均－程度．纯化的Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ分子量为３９．３ＫＤ,亚基分子 量为２０ＫＤ金属元素分析表明,每个亚基含０ ５５个Ｆｅ原子,该酶在紫外区最大吸收峰值为 ２７５．８nｍ、该酶氨基酸组成与蓝、绿藻和高等植物的Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ相似,但它含有较高的丙氨酸,酸性氨 基酸和碱性氨基酸比值与低等植物及原核生物相近而明显高于高等植物．  相似文献   

Kelp forests in False Bay: urchins vs macroalgae in South Africa’s southwest coast biogeographical transition zone     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):395-406

Kelp forests along South Africa's southwest coast occur in a region of biogeographical overlap. Commonly referred to as transition-zone kelp forests, these dynamic ecosystems are particularly susceptible to grazing from species such as urchins. This study explores relationships between urchins and macroalgae in transition-zone kelp forests along the western side of False Bay. Six kelp forests in this region were sampled. At each site, the urchin Parechinus angulosus and kelp Ecklonia maxima were counted, percentage cover of understorey algae was recorded, and drift algae were collected. Despite variability in urchin and algal cover across sites, kelps generally increased from north to south, while urchins did the opposite. Urchins were negatively associated with macroalgae, although this relationship was weak. A localised threshold of 50 urchins m^–2 was identified, above which kelp density failed to increase above 10 m^–2 and percentage cover of understorey algae usually remained below 20%. Surprisingly, no relationship was discovered between drift algae and attached algae. The findings highlight the complexity of these cool-water environments. To better understand the role of urchins in this system, particularly under changing climate trends, experimental research into the feeding behaviour and possible effects of urchins on attached algae in the presence/absence of drift algae is advised.  相似文献   

Satellite Observations of Reflectivity Maxima above the Freezing Level Induced by Terrain     

Aoqi ZHANG  Weibiao LI  Shumin CHEN  Yilun CHEN  Yunfei FU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):627-640

Previous studies have recognized reflectivity maxima above the freezing level(RMAF) within stratiform precipitation over mountain slopes, however, quantitative studies are limited due to the lack of adequate identification criteria. Here, we establish an identification method for RMAF precipitation and apply it to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) Precipitation Radar(PR) observations. Using the TRMM 2A25 product from 1998 to 2013, we show that the RMAF structure in reflectivity profiles can be effectively identified. RMAF exists not only in stratiform precipitation but also in convective precipitation. RMAF frequency is positively correlated with elevation, which is thought to be caused by enhanced updrafts in the middle layers of stratiform precipitation, or in the low to middle layers of convective precipitation over mountains. The average RMAF heights in stratiform and convective precipitation were 1.35 and 2.01 km above the freezing level, respectively, which is lower than previous results. In addition, our results indicate that the RMAF structure increased the echo top height and enhanced precipitation processes above the RMAF height, but it suppressed the downward propagation of ice particles and the near-surface rain rate. Future studies of orographic precipitation should take into account the impact of the RMAF structure and its relevant dynamic triggers.  相似文献   

Colonisation of South African kelp-bed canopies by the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: extent and implications of a novel bioinvasion     

C Lindberg  RJ Anderson 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(2):167-176

The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is the most significant invasive alien marine species in South Africa and, although not normally found subtidally, has recently been observed colonising heads and stipes of the kelp species Ecklonia maxima in False Bay. We quantified this invasion and explored its ecological implications. Transects laid across kelp beds revealed that 10.34% of kelp individuals surveyed bore canopy mussels, with kelp heads (10.07%) being far more commonly infected than stipes (0.27%). Twenty kelp individuals with infected heads and 20 with infected stipes were separately collected for more-detailed examination. Wet mass of mussels on these kelp heads ranged from 2.5 to 2 462 g (median 86.4 g, interquartile range 14.8–353.8 g) and that of mussels on the stipes from 7.6 to 3 492 g (median 595.5 g, interquartile range 194.0–955.0 g). Mussel clumps consisted mostly of individuals <40 mm in length. Mussel clumps supported a rich biota of 80 invertebrate and 13 algal species. Larger clumps supported more epibiotic species, and those on stipes more species than those of comparable mass on kelp heads. The mussels and their associated epibiotic species negatively affected kelp buoyancy, but rarely enough to overcome natural buoyancy. Some kelp individuals that had been toppled by the weight of mussels and their epibiotic species, however, were encountered in situ. Implications of this invasion include large increases in animal biomass and species richness in the kelp canopy, plus reductions in kelp buoyancy and increased hydrodynamic drag on infected kelps, increasing their probability of being uprooted. Uprooted kelp individuals can raft long distances, potentially transporting both native and alien species to distant sites.  相似文献   

大珠母贝人工苗工厂化标粗试验     

罗振鸿  曹家录  齐常元  黄道华 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(1)

大珠母贝人工苗工厂化分组标粗；室内养殖５４ｄ，贝苗平均壳高从入池时６．６１ｍｍ增长至１３．０８ｍｍ，最大为１４．２５ｍｍ，平均成活率３１．９％，最高达４９．８％。试验结果初步表明：１．大珠母贝岸上室内工厂化养殖不但可行，而且也将是解决当前海上养成困境的一条出路；２．发现自然海区中也存在饥饿死亡现象及死亡潜伏期，反映出海上养殖高死亡率的复杂性；３．人工配合饲料的应用显著提高了贝苗的增长率和成活率，显示出广阔的商业价值。  相似文献   

考虑季节变化的风暴增水随机统计分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

董胜  宋艳  杨志 《海洋工程》2003,21(3):68-72

以青岛大港水文观测站30年的风暴增水过程为例，按照年、季、月分别建立不同的样本，以此提出新的概率统计模式，对年极值法和过阈法的计算结果进行了比较讨论，说明风暴潮季节变化考虑与否，重现值的计算误差是存在的，而且以往算法得到的重现值偏低。最后给出了青岛海岸地区考虑季节变化的风暴增水重现值。  相似文献   

Studies on rickettsia-like organism(RLO)disease of tropical marine pearl oyster--Epidemiologicai investigation of RLO disease in juvenile populations of maricultured Pinctada maxima     

Xinzhong Wu  Dengfeng Li  Jinpei Pan  Jingbo Jiang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2003,22(3)

The death which occurred in juvenile population was a severe problem in the course ofPinctada maxima artificial culture. With the methods of field investigation, histological study andstatistic analyses, the epidemiological study was carried out on the disease and death in juvenile popula-tions of Pinctada maxima in the Xinying Pearl Oyster Mariculture Farm of Lingao County (for the A,B and C batches of cultured juveniles hanged in the sea) and the Xincun Pearl Oyster Mariculture Farmof Lingshui County (for the D batch of cultured juvenile hanged in the pond), Hainan Province fromNovember 1993 to April 1995. The results show that the deaths which occurred in juvenile populations of Pinctada maxima pre-sented an outbreak pattern. The peak of mortality rates, in general, occurred in 4-to 6-month old pearloyster juveniles, and the mortality rates gradully declined with the extention of pearl oyster age after cul-turing 8 months. The correlation between the mortality rates of juvenile populations and mean bodylengths of juvenile populations show that the mortality rate become higher under 4 cm of mean bodylengths of juvenile population and become obvious declined over 5 cm of mean body lengths. The peak ofmortality rate occurred in 1 ～3 cm of mean body lengths. The results of histological observation showedthat rickettsia-like organism inclusions were common, histological widespread infective agent among ev-ery batches (A, B, C and D) of cultured juvenile populations. The mean severity indices (SI) of rick-ettsia-like organism (RLO) infection were positively correlated with mortality rates of juvenile popula-tions. After or within every peaks of RLO infection were all accompanied with the peaks of mortalityrates of host populations and the mortality rates declined with decreased RLO infection. So the evidencesof histological observation and epidemiology in this study indicated that rickettsia-like organism (RLO)may be as an important pathogenic organism of disease and death of cultured Pinctada maxima. In addi-tion, a few ciliates were discovered only in part of batch A of cultured juvenile population. The mortalityrates in juvenile populations were not correlated with the weekly mean temperature and salinity of seawater.  相似文献   

海南岛大珠母贝遗传多样性分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

苏天凤  朱彩艳  江世贵 《海洋科学》2005,29(8):20-22

利用RAPD技术首次对中国海南岛环岛的大珠母贝（Pinctada maxima Jameson）遗传多性进行分析。从20条10bp引物中选取7条引物用于群体遗传多样性分析，共检测出22个位点，其中11个位点（占50％）显多态性，Shannon多样性值为0．117。用非加权配对算数平均法（UPGMA）聚类分析的结果：12个体间遗传相似系数最大为1．000，最小为0．706，平均遗传相似系数为0．8438。表明海南岛大珠母贝群体间遗传多样性不一，遗传分化较大，因此很有必要对遗传多样性水平较高的种群，划定保护范围加以重点保护，以扩大和恢复大珠母贝的种质资源。  相似文献