Heavy metals distribution in mangrove sediments along the mobile coastline of French Guiana   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Marchand  E. Lallier-Vergès  F. Baltzer  P. Albéric  D. Cossa  P. Baillif 《Marine Chemistry》2006

The accumulation of nine heavy metals in fine-grained sediments from the mangrove fringed coast of French Guiana is evaluated. The dynamic features of the South American tropical coastline, from the Amazon to the Orinoco Rivers, result in mangrove sediments being alternately submitted to phases of erosion and net sedimentation a few tens of years long. This process influences the distribution of the heavy metals associated with these frequently re-mobilized deposits. Sedimentary cores and mangrove plant samples were collected, at different seasons, in various swamps characterized by different properties (content of sedimentary organic matter, distance from sea water and fresh water). The ranges of measured concentrations expressed in μmol g^− 1 were the following: Cu (0.06 to 0.61), Co (0.12 to 0.68), Pb (0.08 to 0.18), Ni (0.32 to 0.76), Cr (0.61 to 1.40), Zn (1.25 to 5.94), Mn (4.36 to 45.4) and Fe (441 to 1128). No differences were found between sediments from mangroves developing upstream and downstream of urban areas, i.e. Cayenne and Kourou. This suggests that the content of mangrove sediments in heavy metals along the coastline of French Guiana is essentially the result of the continuous alternation of accumulation and transport phases occurring upstream after departing from the Amazon watershed. The sources of this heavy metals content are thus difficult to identify. However it is well known that the alluvium produced by the natural erosion of the Amazonian soils is naturally enriched in mercury. Also, the run-off from gold mining activities is known to contribute to mercury pollution. Ranges in total Hg were between 0.15 and 2.57 nmol g^− 1, with mean values close to 0.41 nmol g^− 1, and were clearly correlated with total organic carbon except for some outstanding high values, which may be a result of rapid geochemical changes. Heavy metal concentrations showed variations with depth. The redox conditions and the decay processes affecting the organic matter control the cycling of iron and manganese, which in turn control the concentrations and associations of heavy metals. These preliminary results suggest that the variations in heavy metal content with depth or between mangrove areas result largely from diagenetic processes rather than changes in metal input resulting from local human activities.  相似文献   

全球气候变化对红树林生态系统的影响与研究对策   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

卢昌义  林鹏 《地球科学进展》1995,10(4):341-347

红树林生态系统出现于热带和亚热带的潮间带，是一个脆弱或敏感的生态系统，受到陆相和海相的双重影响，可能是全球气候变化影响的早期指示者。气候变化引起海平面升高的速率在９－１２ｃｍ／１００ａ时或超过红树林底质的沉积速率时，红树林就受到胁迫甚至消亡。平均气温上升可能造成红树林种类组成的变化。一定限度的升温有利红树植物的生长发育，但太高温度不利其叶的形成和光合作用，温度的累积作用会有相当大的影响，并通过土壤  相似文献   

Stratigraphical and palynological appraisal of the Late Quaternary mangrove deposits of the west coast of India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K.P.N. Kumaran  K.M. Nair  Mahesh Shindikar  Ruta B. Limaye  D. Padmalal 《Quaternary Research》2005,64(3):418-431

The organic deposits derived from the mangrove swamps form reliable stratigraphic markers within the Late Quaternary sequence of Kerala–Konkan Basin. Three generations of such deposits have been identified. The older one is dated to around 43,000–40,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., with a few dates beyond the range of radiocarbon. The younger ones date from the Middle Holocene to latest Pleistocene (10,760–4540 ¹⁴C yr B.P.) and the Late Holocene (<4000 ¹⁴C yr B.P.). Pollen analyses confirm that the deposits are mostly derived from the mangrove vegetation. Peat accumulation during the period 40,000–28,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. can be correlated with the excess rainfall, 40–100% greater than modern values, of the Asian summer monsoon. The low occurrence of mangrove between 22,000 and 18,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. can be attributed to the prevailing aridity and/or reduced precipitation associated worldwide with Last Glacial Maximum, because exposure surfaces and ferruginous layers are commonly found in intervals representing this period. The high rainfall of 11,000–4000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. is found to be the most significant as the mangrove reached an optimum growth around 11,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. but with periods of punctuated weaker monsoons. From the present and previous studies, it has been observed that after about 5000 or 4000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., the monsoons became gradually reduced leading to drying up of many of the marginal marine mangrove ecosystems. A case study of Hadi profile provided an insight to the relevance of magnetic susceptibility (χ) to record the ecological shift in Late Holocene.  相似文献   

Water quality assessment of Gautami — Godavari mangrove estuarine ecosystem of Andhra Pradesh, India during September 2001     

S. C. Tripathy  A. K. Ray  S. Patra  V. V. Sarma 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(2):185-190

Some chemical and biological parameters were analysed at sixteen stations in the mangrove ecosystem, of the neighbouring Gautami-Godavari (GG) river estuary and Kakinada (KKD) bay to understand the present status of water quality and the impact of external terrigenous inputs during southwest (SW) monsoon in the study areas. High concentrations of nutrients in the mangrove ecosystem compared to the bay and estuarine ecosystems reveal the importance of this zone as a source of nutrients to the adjacent coastal ecosystems. Low Si:N:P (29:4:1) ratios in these ecosystems are due to the enrichment of these nutrients through external anthropogenic inputs even after the utilization by phytoplankton in the biological cycle. The mean Chl b/Chla and Chl c/Chla ratios and high phaeopigments (Pp) concentrations compared to Chlb and high ratios of Chl a/Pp suggests the possibility of the potential growth of phytoplankton populations in lower light intensity and low turbulent areas of these mangrove ecosystems.  相似文献   

Leaf biochemical parameters in Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh as potential biomarkers of heavy metal stress in estuarine ecosystems     

MacFarlane GR 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(3):244-256

Sediment loadings and leaf accumulation of the heavy metals copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) with accompanying changes in leaf chlorophylls' (a + b), carotenoids and the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase were examined in the grey mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh, in order to determine the applicability of these parameters as biomarkers of heavy metal stress under field conditions. Copper was found to show limited accumulation to leaf tissue, following a linear relationship at lower sediment concentrations, with saturation at higher sediment Cu concentrations. Copper accumulation relationships to leaf tissue were maintained temporally, and increases in sediment Cu, salinity, and decreases in sediment pH and Zn contributed to the accumulation of Cu to leaf tissue. Lead showed a significant relationship between sediment and leaf Pb levels, but accumulation was minimal. Accumulation relationships for Pb were not maintained temporally, and high sediment Pb, low pH and organic content increased bioavailability and accumulation of Pb. Zinc was the most mobile of all metals and was accumulated to the greatest quantities in leaf tissue in a dose-dependant relationship. Some temporal variation in Zn accumulation occurred, and higher sediment pH, organic content Zn and Pb promoted leaf Zn accumulation. Leaf Cu and Zn showed the strongest relationship with peroxidase activity and to a lesser degree Pb. Zinc was the only accumulated metal to show relationship maintenance with peroxidase activity over time. It was found that peroxidase activity best reflects the total phytotoxic effect from the combined metal stress of all three accumulated leaf metals. The only significant photopigment relationship evidenced was that of leaf Zn with the chlorophyll a/b ratio, but was not maintained temporally. Peroxidase activity may be an appropriate biomarker for Zn or total metal accumulation in leaf tissue, and the chlorophyll a/b ratio a suitable biomarker of Zn accumulation though requires temporal monitoring under field conditions.  相似文献   

台湾的红树林及其环境意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张伟强  黄镇国 《热带地理》1996,16(2):97-106

本文概述了台湾现代红树林的分布及其与气候，海流，底质等环境条件的关系，并将台湾的红树林与邻区做了对比。中国东南部陆，海域沉积物中红树花粉的分布变化规律在一程度上反映了第四纪以来的环境变迁。  相似文献   

珠江口红树群落钙的累积和循环研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋建阳  张汝国  赵丽荷 《热带地理》2002,22(2):171-175

在测定珠江口红树群落生物量和生产力的基础上，进一步测定红树群落各组分的钙含量，计算群落钙的贮量、年存留量、年归还量、年吸收量、周转期和富集经，以了解珠江口红树群落钙元素的累积和循环状况。结果表明，珠江口5个红树群落钙的贮存总量为197－640．1kg/hm^2，平均为382．4kg/hm^2。年存留量为20．3－58．6kg/hm^2．a，平均为39．3kg/hm^2．a；年归还量为24．1－75．5kg/hm^2．a，平均为44．9kg/hm^2．a；年吸收量为44．4－134．1kg/hm^2．a，平均为84．2kg/hm^2．a；周转期为7－10a，平均8a；存留率为43．7％－52．7％，平均46．7％，归还率为47．3％－56．3％，平均53．3％。乔木型红权群群落有较高的存留率和较低的归还率。  相似文献   

互花米草入侵下福建漳江口红树林湿地土壤生态化学变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张祥霖  石盛莉  潘根兴  李恋卿  张旭辉  李志鹏 《地球科学进展》2008,23(9):974-981

采集了福建云霄漳江口米草入侵下红树林自然湿地保护区内红树林群落、米草群落、红树林—米草交互群落以及光滩的剖面土壤样品,分析了土壤的总养分库、有效养分库及微生物活性等指标。结果表明,不同植被群落下土壤理化性质均存在明显差异。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、阳离子交换量和微生物生物量碳、氮在同一深度的含量变化为：红树林>红树林—米草混作>米草>光滩;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶等酶活性指标也表现出相似的变化趋势。从深度变化而言,上述各项土壤质量指标均随剖面深度而降低。米草入侵后土壤的各项养分指标均有明显下降,湿地土壤生态化学性质发生了明显的退化。土壤有机碳、土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量以及土壤蔗糖酶与磷酸酶活性对滨海湿地土壤退化的反映最为强烈, 可以作为指示性指标。  相似文献   

滨海湿地红树林生态修复对鹭科鸟类种群动态的影响     

黄智君  刘劲涛  夏丹霞  陈小麟 《湿地科学与管理》2021,17(1):19-22

通过调查厦门市下潭尾滨海湿地红树林生态修复区的鹭科鸟类物种和数量,对比海水不同潮位鹭科鸟类数量、生境分布以及红树林不同修复阶段白鹭种群数量变化,探讨红树林生态修复对鹭科鸟类种群动态的影响。2018—2019年在修复区共调查记录到8种鹭科鸟类,秋冬季鹭鸟种类较多,5—6月鹭鸟数量最多,其中白鹭为优势种;与修复初期相比,修复区在修复完成后的白鹭种群数量明显增加;修复区鹭科鸟类在海水低潮位时主要觅食于潮间带滩涂,在高潮位时大多数停歇于未被海水淹没的红树林,观察发现一些鹭鸟在繁殖季节营巢于高大的红树林。结果表明,滨海湿地红树林生态修复能够改善鹭科鸟类栖息环境,增加修复区的鹭科鸟类数量。  相似文献   

Evolution and paleobiogeography of mangroves     

Jyoti Srivastava  Vandana Prasad 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(6)

We reviewed the geological record of mangroves based on fossil pollen, fruits, and wood evidence of Nypa, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophoraceae, and mangrove associates to trace the origin, distribution, extinction, and range contraction of paleo‐mangroves during the Late Cretaceous–Miocene time. Our study region covers paleocoastal areas of Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) and Atlantic East Pacific (AEP) region. First, we compiled the mangrove fossil records from the Late Cretaceous till Miocene and identified the migration pattern for Nypa, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophoraceae members, and mangrove associates such as Acrostichum, Wetherellia, Pelliciera, Aegiceras, Heritiera, Excoecaria, and Barringtonia. Second, we interpreted the paleoclimate shifts which caused the dispersal/extinction of this specialized ecosystem. Lastly, we proposed the future consequences of mangrove diversity for restoration and conservation strategies. First mangroves appeared during the Late Cretaceous, 100–65 Ma, since then their evolution is closely related to sea‐level changes in geological times. The oldest geological record of Nypa palm which prefers broad ecological tolerance is a good example for pantropical distribution of mangroves. High sea‐level and humid climate offered sufficient coastal regions and climate for the development of 12 genera of mangroves in nine families and subsequent proliferation into newer areas during early to middle Eocene (~50–40 Ma). The Eocene/Oligocene boundary crisis heralds the beginning of a biogeographical split between the present‐day eastern and western provinces of mangroves with records of Sonneratia, Rhizophora, Pelliciera, Barringtonia, and Acrostichum. However, during Oligocene and Middle Miocene mangroves occupied the present geographical position with addition of Nypa, Avicennia, and Excoecaria species. Re‐evaluation of Cenozoic records suggests that the climatic conditions of Late Paleocene, end of Eocene, and middle Pliocene were the driving force that led to the evolution and expansion of mangrove flora. During the Neogene, latitudinal contraction, extinction, and migration of mangroves led to the present bipartite distribution. The Himalayan uplift and establishment of Asian summer monsoon toward Late Neogene further affected the coastal dynamics which tailored the mangrove distribution of the Indian subcontinent. Loss of ecological habitats and local extinction forming disjunct distribution of mangroves during the Quaternary have also affected its overall biogeography.  相似文献