From catfish to organic fish: making distinctions about nature as cultural economic practice     

Becky Mansfield 《Geoforum》2003,34(3):329-342

This paper addresses the cultural economy of nature and the material culture of economic practice. Attending to ways that cultural notions about the biophysical world play key roles in political economic conflicts, discussion centers on two recent debates involving the cultural economy of seafood production and trade. The first debate is over whether the label “catfish” should include catfish imported from Vietnam into the United States; the second deals with whether fish and shellfish should be eligible to be certified “organic” under new US regulations. Analysis reveals that the key dynamic in these debates is not necessarily how people think about “nature”, but instead is how people make distinctions about the world. Rather than focusing on what is natural or not, key actors make distinctions among both organisms and environments. The ways that different groups define and enclose the biophysical world works to distinguish places as either appropriate or not for certain kinds of production activities. The overall argument is that significance and meaning of the biophysical become implicated in economic geographies by making distinctions about the world that then become important for how economic activity can work. As such, cultural economic approaches should attend to the ways that the biophysical is involved in relations such as competition and international trade, while nature-society approaches should shift focus from Nature to specific aspects of the biophysical world.  相似文献   

Empirical correlations of soil parameters based on Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) for Greek soils     

A. Anagnostopoulos  G. Koukis  N. Sabatakakis  G. Tsiambaos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(4):377-387

This study presents the results of Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) and estimated correlations with the results of other in-situ tests (standard penetration test, cross-hole, seismocone) and laboratory tests (classification and undrained shear strength tests). These tests cover nearly all types of penetrable soils in Greece and, together with the formulation of empirical correlations, complement and improve on previous studies due to the significant number of CPT measurements.  相似文献   

Paleoecology of two marine oxygen isotope stage 7 sites correlated by the Sheep Creek tephra, northwestern North America     

Charles E Schweger 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):44-49

Pollen analysis at two sites, correlated by the presence of the 190,000 yr-old Sheep Creek tephra, documents fluctuations in vegetation and climate consistent with this date and indicates that the records span marine oxygen isotope stage 7 and the stage 6/7 transition. Dawson Cut, near Fairbanks, Alaska, provides a 5.2-m-long pollen record of interglacial boreal forest succeeded by shrub tundra and then forest/tundra. Ash Bend, Stewart River, central Yukon, provides a 9.5-m-long record of interglacial boreal forest succeeded by forest/tundra, shrub tundra, and herbaceous tundra. The replacement of forest at both sites by more open or tundra vegetation indicates warm interglacial conditions giving way to cold and arid climate. It is not clear whether stage 7 was warmer than the present. The warm-cool-warm climate oscillation evident at both sites may correlate to Lake Baikal substages 7a, 7b, and 7c. Sheep Creek tephra fell on forest/tundra vegetation.  相似文献   

场地条件对地震动相干函数的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

丁海平  金星  刘启方  袁一凡 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(1):1-5

本通过弹性半空间内位错源的数值解法研究了曲岩地震动相干函数，采用有限元方法分析了一些典型场地的地表地震动相干函数，两的对比结果表明：复杂场地对地震动相干函数的影响强烈。  相似文献   

团树断层场地地震反应的数值模拟     

李山有  王学良  金星  杨柏坡  孙平善 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(4):17-21

团树断层场地在多次地震中出现了烈度异常。为了弄清烈度异常的原因，应用显式有限元方法，数值模拟了在脉冲地震波斜入射情形下断层场地的地震反应。结果表明：在基岩山脚附近土层场地地震动放大比基岩山区平均高4倍、比远离基岩山脚土层场地平均高2倍，与历史震害分布有较好的对应。  相似文献   

Variability of NO₂ in different environments at a moderately polluted island over the southwestern Indian Ocean     

Chatrapatty Bhugwant  Jean-Luc Hoareau 《Atmospheric Research》2003,66(4):241-259

This work presents the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) measured with the help of passive diffusion tubes in different environments: rural, sub-urban, urban, at La Réunion Island in December 1997 and November 2000 (austral spring), respectively. NO₂ concentration exhibits notable enhancement from 1997 to 2000. For instance, its mean concentration was 16 and 20 μg/m³ in December 1997 and November 2000, respectively, at La Réunion Island, especially in inhabited regions due to increase of local anthropogenic activities, mainly traffic circulation, in the absence of house heating and biomass burning. We also observe a net increase of pollutant levels by a factor two in rural/remote areas within 3 years, which is tied to the extension of inhabited areas and air-flows from enhanced local sources. The increase of atmospheric pollutants is mainly due to enhancement of anthropogenic activities (traffic) since the 1990s at La Réunion Island, which results from a constant increase of population and consequently, from a higher number of vehicles in circulation. Importantly, in cities like Saint-Denis, where traffic network has been subject to notable improvement (e.g. single to double lanes, etc.), pollutant levels exhibit little variability as in temperate continental latitudes. Semi-continuous NO₂ concentration measured in parallel with ozone in November 2000 also showed that daytime photochemical ozone production is influenced by pollutant and precursor (NO₂) levels at Saint-Denis, while nighttime ozone increase is mainly tied to dynamical processes. The November 2000 ozone diurnal pattern is notably different from that observed in September 1995, during which a daytime ozone loss was observed, pointing out that atmospheric conditions have been subject to notable changes, i.e., clean to moderately polluted, within a few years at La Réunion Island. The results presented here point out that the ‘source enhancement effect’ is superimposed on dynamical and photochemical processes to influence pollutants variability and hence atmospheric chemistry, in a quite ‘pristine’ tropical oceanic region.  相似文献   

北京正负电子对撞机注入器复测分析     

花向红  潘正风 《测绘工程》1997,6(3):50-55

介绍北京正负电子对撞机注和器复测的精度要求，阐述采用波带板激光准直系统与精密水准测量相结合的方法，进行注入器复测的观测、数据处理与调整。根据复测数据分析了隧道地基变形与加速管位置变形及其规律，提出了一些有益的结论与建议。  相似文献   

Looting, collecting, and the destruction of archaeological resources     

Ricardo J. Elia 《Natural Resources Research》1997,6(2):85-98

Archaeological sites, the material remnants of our human past, are finite and nonrenewable cultural resources that are under constant threat from environmental forces, development activities, warfare, vandalism, and looting. Site looting is the destructive removal of archaeological objects to supply the art market. Looting is part of an economic system, the antiquities market, that works to supply the demand of collectors for archaeological objects. The destruction of archaeological resources by looters is an international crisis and threatens to obliterate the world’s cultural heritage and our ability to understand past cultures. The scale and intensity of the looting problem can be estimated by studying the extent of site destruction in countries of origin and by investigating the sources of antiquities held by collectors. Finding a solution to the problem of looting will require a focus on the demand side of the market (i.e., collectors) instead of the traditional focus on the supply side (looters, dealers)  相似文献   

Private property—national legacy: Protecting privately owned archaeological sites in the united states     

Mark Michel 《Natural Resources Research》1997,6(2):131-136

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Seismic hazard assessment in the Ionian Islands based on observed macroseismic intensities     

Joanna E. Papoulia  Dario Slejko 《Natural Hazards》1996,14(2-3):179-187

Catalogues of actual observed intensities are constructed for three towns in the Ionian Islands. They are used for seismic hazard assessment and the results are compared with those obtained by standard approaches; that is, by statistics applied to the data computed from epicentral parameters. The results show that seismic hazard is better assessed using observed rather than computed data, but preparation of the local catalogue presents non-trivial difficulties.  相似文献