Stable isotopic and elemental characteristics of recent tufa from a karstic Krka River (south‐east Slovenia): useful environmental proxies?          下载免费PDF全文

Saša Zavadlav  Boštjan Rožič  Matej Dolenec  Sonja Lojen 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):808-831

Tufa samples from 16 consecutive barrages along a 13 km section of the groundwater‐fed Krka River (Slovenia) were analysed for their petrographical, mineralogical, elemental and stable carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope composition, to establish their relation to current climatic and hydrological conditions. Waters constantly oversaturated with calcite and the steep morphology of the Krka riverbed stimulate rapid CO₂ degassing and subsequent tufa precipitation. The carbon isotope fractionation (Δ¹³C) between dissolved inorganic carbon and tufa in the Krka River evolves towards isotopic equilibrium being controlled by continuous CO₂ degassing and tufa precipitation rate downstream. The Δ¹³C increased from 1·9 to 2·5‰ (VPDB); however, since tufa precipitation rates remain similar downstream, the major controlling factor of carbon isotope exchange is most probably related to the continuous ¹²CO₂ degassing downstream leaving the carbon pool enriched in ¹³C. In the case of oxygen, the isotope fractionation (Δ¹⁸O) was found to be from 1·0 to 2·3‰ (VSMOW) smaller than reported in the literature. The observed discrepancies are due to different precipitation rates of calcite deposits because Krka tufas on cascades grow relatively faster compared to slowly precipitated calcite deposits in cave or stream pools. Due to non‐equilibrium oxygen isotope exchange between Krka tufa and water, the δ¹⁸O proxy showed from 1·2 to 8·2°C higher calculated water temperatures compared to measured water temperatures, demonstrating that δ¹⁸O proxy‐based temperature equations are not reliable for water temperature calculations of fast‐growing tufa on cascades. Because Mg is bound to the terrigenous dolomite fraction in the Krka tufa samples, the Mg/Ca was also found to be an unreliable temperature proxy yielding over up to 20°C higher calculated water temperatures.  相似文献   

A Review of Magnesium Isotope System in Rivers     

Dong Aiguo  Han Guilin 《地球科学进展》2017,32(8):800-809

In recent years, a series of important progresses have been made in the aspect of magnesium isotopes behavior in weathering processes. These progresses are not only favorable to understand the change of the magnesium isotopic compositions in rivers, but also establish the foundation to further reveal the magnesium isotope geochemical cycle. The magnesium in rivers is both magnesium sink for weathering and magnesium source for the ocean. The Mg isotopic compositions in rivers are dominated by the magnesium sources and Mg isotope fractionations processes. The sources of magnesium in rivers originate mainly from draining rocks, as well as less contribution from the eolian deposition, groundwater, plant debris, and precipitation. The Mg isotope fractionations in rivers are mainly related to precipitation and dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate mineral hydrolysis, adsorption on mineral or colloidal matter surface, and plant uptake. Generally, the contribution of carbonate minerals dissolution or precipitation is equal to add or reduce magnesium from carbonate endmember, which has a remarkably negative δ²⁶Mg value. Based on the fact that most clay minerals are rich in ²⁶Mg during nature silicate mineral hydrolysis, then it is possible to infer that residual weathering products enrich in ²⁶Mg. However, there is no significant Mg isotope fractionation causing by the adsorption on mineral or colloidal matter surface during river water migration. For the plant uptake, the root prefers to have ²⁶Mg, leading the plant itself rich in heavier Mg isotopic composition. In addition, formation of secondary minerals in rivers could also reflect the changes of chemical parameters in rivers (such as major elements, CO₂ solubility, pH, etc.). Hence, Mg isotopic composition in rivers and associated isotope fractionations are not only the basis for the application of magnesium isotope to trace surface material cycle, but also have important significance for the further understanding the geochemical cycle of magnesium isotopes.  相似文献   

内蒙古杜尔基构造混杂岩物质组成及构造属性研究     

金松 《地质学报》2020,94(8):2227-2242

杜尔基构造混杂岩是一套由"基质"和"岩块"构成的混杂堆积地质体。通过岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究,查明其"基质"主要为一套强变形浅变质的海相碎屑岩,局部具有复理石沉积建造的特点,形成于活动大陆边缘构造环境;"岩块"岩石类型为辉石角闪岩、角闪石岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩、闪长岩,其中玄武岩、辉绿岩具有低Ti、高Mg和Al的特点,为一套富钠贫钾岩系,具有洋中脊和岛弧拉斑玄武岩的双重构造属性,形成于洋内初始俯冲背景下的弧前构造环境,属"外来岩块";闪长岩SiO_2均值53.41%, MgO均值5.57%,Mg~#均值51,FeO/MgO均值1.08,属镁闪长岩(MA),相比玄武岩、辉绿岩更加富集Ti、Ta、亏损Nb,形成于俯冲消减背景下活动大陆边缘构造环境,与基质大地构造环境基本一致,应属"原地岩块"。通过对杜尔基构造混杂岩的物质组成及其构造属性的研究,结合其各组成物质的同位素年龄信息、区域地质背景及区域构造演化史研究成果,认为杜尔基构造混杂岩可能反映了晚石炭世洋内俯冲-早二叠世洋陆俯冲-中二叠世洋盆关闭的过程。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and mantle source characteristics of the late Cenozoic Baekdusan (Changbaishan) basalts,North China Craton     

《Gondwana Research》2020

Late Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks in northeastern China have been interpreted as being derived from a mantle source composed of DMM and EM1 components. To constrain the origin of the enriched mantle component, we have now determined the geochemical compositions of basaltic rocks from the active Baekdusan volcano on the border of China and North Korea. The samples show LREE-enriched patterns, with positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies. On a trace element distribution diagram, they show typical oceanic island basalt (OIB)-like LILE enrichments without significant Nb or Ta depletions. However, compared with OIB, they show enrichments in Ba, Rb, K, Pb, Sr, and P. The Nb/U ratios are generally within the range of OIB, but the Ce/Pb ratios are lower than those of OIB. Olivine phenocrysts are characterized by low Ca and high Ni contents. The radiogenic isotopic characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70449 to 0.70554; ε_Nd = −2.0 to +1.8; ε_Hf = −1.7 to +6.1; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.26 to 18.12) suggest derivation from an EM1-like source together with an Indian MORB-like depleted mantle. The Mg isotopic compositions (δ²⁶Mg = −0.39 ± 0.17‰) are generally lower than the average upper mantle, indicating carbonates in the source. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios decrease with decreasing δ²⁶Mg values whereas the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and (Nb/La)_N ratios increase. These observations suggest the mantle source of the Baekdusan basalts contained at least two components that resided in the mantle transition zone (MTZ): (1) recycled subducted ancient (∼2.2–1.6 Ga) terrigenous silicate sediments, possessing EM1-like Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic signatures and relatively high values of δ²⁶Mg; and (2) carbonated eclogites with relatively MORB-like radiogenic isotopic compositions and low values of δ²⁶Mg. These components might have acted as metasomatizing agents in refertilizing the asthenosphere, eventually influencing the composition of the MTZ-derived plume that produced the Baekdusan volcanism.  相似文献   

Advances in Study on the Methods for Sea Surface Paleotemperature Reconstruction     

LI Xiao-yan  SHI Xue-fa  CHENG Zhen-bo  WU Yong-hua  SHI Feng-deng  JU Xiao-hua 《海洋科学进展》2008,26(4)

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