Microbial modulation in the biomass and toxin production of a red-tide causing alga   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Zheng TL  Su JQ  Maskaoui K  Yu ZM  Hu Z  Xu JS  Hong HS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):1018-1025

The effect of S₁₀, a strain of marine bacteria isolated from sediment in the Western Xiamen Sea, on the growth and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) production in the alga Alexandrium tamarense (A. tamarense) was studied under controlled experimental conditions. The results of these experiments have shown that the growth of A. tamarense is obviously inhibited by S₁₀ at high concentrations, however no evident effect on its growth was observed at low concentrations. Its PSP production was also inhibited by S₁₀ at different concentrations, especially at low concentrations. The toxicity of this strain of A. tamarense is about (0.95–12.14) × 10⁻⁶ MU/cell, a peak toxicity value of 12.14 × 10⁻⁶ MU/cell appeared on the 14th day, after which levels decreased gradually. The alga grew well in conditions of pH 6–8 and salinities of 20–34‰. The toxicity of the alga varied markedly at different pH and salinity levels. Toxicity decreased as pH increased, while it increased with salinity and reached a peak value at a salinity of 30‰, after which it declined gradually. S₁₀ at a concentration of 1.02 × 10⁹ cells/ml inhibited growth and the PSP production of A. tamarense at different pH and salinity levels. S₁₀ had the strongest inhibitory function on the growth of A. tamarense under conditions of pH 7 and a salinity of 34‰. The best inhibitory effect on PSP production by A. tamarense was at pH 7, this inhibitory effect on PSP production did not relate to salinity. Interactions between marine bacteria and A. tamarense were also investigated using the flow cytometer technique (FCM) as well as direct microscope counting. S₁₀ was identified as being a member of the genus Bacillus, the difference in 16S rDNA between S₁₀ and Bacillus halmapalus was only 2%. The mechanism involved in the inhibition of growth and PSP production of A. tamarense by this strain of marine bacteria, and the prospect of using it and other marine bacteria in the bio-control of red-tides was discussed.  相似文献   

土壤溶解性有机碳测定方法与应用   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

吕国红  周广胜  周莉  贾庆宇 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(2):51-55

溶解性有机碳是土壤圈中一种非常活跃的化学物质,它对土壤中化学物质的溶解、吸附、解吸、迁移和毒性等行为均有显著的影响。在现代土壤研究中,出现了与溶解性有机碳相关的众多术语,分析方法也各有不同。从溶解性有机碳、水溶性有机碳、活性有机碳、易氧化碳、微生物量碳、可矿化碳不同术语的角度,概述了这类碳分析意义和测定方法,以期对土壤有机质应用研究起到积极作用。  相似文献   

海带配子体克隆细胞附着的初步研究     

刘涛  王晓梅  宋洪泽  崔竞进 《海洋学报》2005,27(5):177-179

海带是我国海水养殖主要品种之一,其综合应用价值较高[1].20世纪90年代末期,海带配子体克隆在海带苗种繁育中的应用,为海带育苗生产开辟了新途径[2].主要运用生长发育调控技术实现海带配子体克隆细胞大量扩增和同步成熟来繁育海带优良苗种,这样可大幅度降低育苗成本,缩短育苗周期,该项技术具有良好的应用前景.目前海带配子体克隆育苗技术尚未在海带育苗生产中得到规模化应用,其作为一项高新技术,部分关键技术仍有待进一步解决.在与有关生产单位进行海带配子体克隆育苗实验的工作中,笔者认为克隆细胞的附着是影响海带商品苗质量(出苗密度及出苗均匀程度)的关键问题之一.  相似文献   

Comparison of Enterococcus density estimates in marine beach and bay samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction, membrane filtration and defined substrate testing     

Ferretti JA  Tran HV  Cosgrove E  Protonentis J  Loftin V  Conklin CS  Grant RN 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):1066-1072

Currently, densities of Enterococcus in marine bathing beach samples are performed using conventional methods which require 24 h to obtain results. Real-time PCR methods are available which can measure results in as little as 3 h. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a more rapid test method for the determination of bacterial contamination in marine bathing beaches to better protect human health. The geometric mean of Enterococcus densities using Enterolert® defined substrate testing and membrane filtration ranged from 5.2 to 150 MPN or CFU/100 mL and corresponding qPCR results ranged from 6.6 to 1785 CCE/100 mL. The regression analysis of these results showed a positive correlation between qPCR and conventional tests with an overall correlation (r) of 0.71. qPCR was found to provide accurate and sensitive estimate of Enterococcus densities and has the potential to be used as a rapid test method for the quantification of Enterococcus in marine waters.  相似文献   

Spatial heterogeneity of a microbial Svalbard during late summer 2006 and abiotic factors community in Kongsfjorden, and its relationship to biotic     

GUO ChaoYing  HE JianFeng  ZHANG Fang  CAI MingHong  WANG GuiZhong 《极地研究(英文版)》2011,(1):55-66

  相似文献   

高家山生物群中的非矿化微生物假形化石：埃迪卡拉纪末期生物软躯体保存方式的新认识          下载免费PDF全文

闵筱  华洪  孙勃  陈瑜  崔再航  代乔坤 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(3):477-484

陕西南部宁强地区的李家沟剖面灯影组高家山生物群产有大量磷酸盐化实体化石,包括各类管状化石、瓶状化石、疑难化石以及钙化蓝细菌等,类型丰富。近年来,随着研究的深入,微生物假形化石在该生物群中也被不断发现。由于微生物假形化石是生物死亡后腐解埋藏过程中生物体被微生物（球状和丝状蓝细菌）直接取代,因而原始生物体的结构形态得以完好保存。微生物可以通过改变环境中的物理化学条件使磷酸盐富集和快速堆积,对生物的非矿物组织包括软躯体的保存起到了很重要的作用。根据替代程度不同可以划分为完全替代类型和未完全替代类型。这一发现提供了高家山生物群中生物非矿化组织的另一种保存方式。微生物通过铸型完整复制了生物软躯体以及可能的胚胎形态特征,提供了对此时期软躯体保存的新认识。  相似文献   

青藏高原土壤中一株原油降解菌的作用机制探究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常思静  杨蕊琪  章高森  刘光琇  陈拓 《冰川冻土》2018,40(5):1037-1046

分别采用原油和丙酮酸作为碳源培养Pedobacter steynii DX4细胞,采用Illumina高通量测序技术对两种碳源条件下细胞的转录组进行测序,测序数据拼接组装后共得到7 693个Unigene,其中有5 017个Unigene获得CDS注释。对Unigene进行筛选共获得1 195个差异表达基因,约占Unigene总数的15.5%,对差异表达基因进行功能分析发现,在原油为碳源的生长条件下,DX4细胞中Luciferase-like monooxygenase基因和卤代烷脱氢酶基因表达水平显著提高,这两个基因可能在DX4细胞中催化烷烃末端氧化反应。KEGG分析显示,以原油为碳源的DX4细胞中的脂肪酸降解途径中发现了8个UPDEGs、苯酸盐降解途径中发现了10个UPDEGs,揭示了细胞对原油中烷烃和芳香烃类物质的降解通路。此外,关于信号处理、物质转运、胞外多糖合成以及细胞趋向运动代谢途径的基因表达水平上调,表明DX4细胞可能依赖细胞趋向运动和合成生物表面活性物质来辅助原油降解。  相似文献   

Biodegradation of CO2, CH4 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil gas from the Vicano–Cimino hydrothermal system (central Italy)     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

We investigated the effect of microbial activity on the chemistry of hydrothermal fluids related to the Vicano–Cimino system, central Italy. The database included the composition and δ¹³C CO₂ and δ¹³C CH₄ values for soil gas from an area characterized by intense degassing of fluids having a deep origin. The δ¹³C CH₄ values along vertical profiles in the soil indicated that CH₄ was controlled by microbial oxidation occurring at shallow (< 50 cm) depth, where free O₂ was available. This was consistent with the vertical gradients of CH₄, H₂S and O₂ concentrations. The δ¹³C CO₂ values in soil gas, characterized by a composition similar to that of the hydrothermal fluids, were not significantly influenced by biodegradation. On the contrary, gas strongly affected by air contamination showed a significant δ¹³C CO₂ fractionation. Microbial activity caused strong consumption of hydrothermal alkanes, alkenes, cyclics and hydrogenated halocarbons, whereas benzene was recalcitrant. Oxygenated compounds from hydrocarbon degradation consisted of alcohols, with minor aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. A predominance of alcohols at a high rate of degassing flux, corresponding to a short residence time of hydrothermal gas within the soil, indicated incomplete oxidation. N-bearing compounds were likely produced by humic substances in the soil and/or related to contamination by pesticides, whereas α-pinene traced air entering the soil. The study demonstrates that microbial communities in the soil play an important role for mitigating the release to the atmosphere of C-bearing gases, especially CH₄, through diffuse soil degassing, a mechanism that in central Italy significantly contributes to the discharge of CO₂-rich gas from deep sources.  相似文献   

Microbially-induced sedimentary wrinkle structures and possible impact of microbial mats for the enhanced preservation of dinosaur tracks from the Lower Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation near Qijiang (Chongqing,China)     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

Recently, a paleosurface with microbially-induced sedimentary wrinkle structures that are associated with abundant, well-preserved, iguanodon-type, tridactyl tracks has been documented at the Lotus tracksite near Qijiang (Chongqing, China) in fluvial deposits of the Lower Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation. Two different wrinkle structure types are identified and described from a macroscopic point of view and also by applying microstructure analysis with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and other high-resolution instruments, that detected sheath-like and globular organic matter and thus confirm the microbial origin of the observed wrinkle structures. A model for the formation of the two microbial mat induced wrinkle structure types and associated preservation of dinosaur tracks is proposed. Finally, some human footprints were left in comparable modern environments covered with a thin microbial mat, and they are used as a modern analog in order to better understand the track formation and preservation mechanisms of the dinosaur tracks of the Lotus tracksite.  相似文献   

一株虹鳟源枯草芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究     

樊丹  邓福容  李绍戊  卢彤岩  刘红柏  王荻 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(2):41-49

为筛选对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)有潜在益生效果的菌株,本研究从健康虹鳟幼鱼肠道中分离到1株潜在益生菌株RT-BS07,采用形态学观察和分子特征分析对该菌株进行了鉴定,并评价了该菌株的抑菌性、耐受性、黏附性和安全性。形态学观察显示,菌株RT-BS07为革兰氏阳性杆菌,有圆形或椭圆形芽孢。16S rRNA比对结果显示,该菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)NCBI3610株的同源性为99.86%。结合16S rRNA基因序列分析和形态学观察结果,确定菌株RT-BS07为枯草芽孢杆菌。菌株RT-BS07具备产蛋白酶和纤维素酶能力,其酶活力分别为(0.039±0.002)和(0.393±0.002)U/mg;该菌株可有效抑制温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)、杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)和鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)等致病菌。菌株RT-BS07在pH为2~10 LB液体培养基中均可存活;在盐度为2%~8%条件下存活率为5.70%~93.28%,其存活率随盐度升高而降低。体外黏附试验结果表明,菌株RT-BS07可大量黏附在虹鳟前肠黏膜,不破坏肠道组织完整性,对左氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和链霉素等18种抗菌药物敏感。本研究分离筛选得到的枯草芽孢杆菌RT-BS07株具有产消化酶性能,其抗逆性能强,对虹鳟无毒害作用,可作为虹鳟健康养殖及益生菌制剂研发源益生菌候选株。  相似文献