9810号台风期间厦门近岸海域磷的分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴国琳  杨逸萍 《台湾海峡》2001,20(1):84-90

于1998年10号台风期间及台风解除后一周内，对九龙江口和西海域表层水中总磷（TP）、溶解态无机磷（DIP）、溶解态有机磷（DOP）、颗粒态磷（PP）、颗粒态无机磷（PIP）和颗粒态有机磷（POP）进行了为期9d（10月26日至11月3日）的现场观测。根据观测结果，讨论了台风对上述各形态磷的分布特征的影响，认为台风伴随的增水、入海径流量的骤增和底质再悬浮的加剧导致表层水体中各形态磷含量的短期增加。  相似文献   

Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GAO Lei    LI Daoji  WANG Yanming  YU Lihua  KONG Dingjiang  LI Mei  LI Yun  and FANG Tao State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology  Tongji University  Shanghai  China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine  Coastal Research  East China Normal University  Shanghai  China 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(1):58-71

In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary. Except for NH4^＋, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water （Dw） in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 （n=18）. These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification.  相似文献   

Changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under the interaction between sunlight and phosphate in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary     

FANG Tao LI Daoji YU Lihua LI Yun 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):161-170

We conducted ship-board incubation experiments to investigate changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under different phosphate concentrations and irradiances in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters in China. Under 100% natural irradiance the uptake rates of phosphate, silicate, and nitrate were accelerated at high phosphate levels （1.84 μM）, while under low irradiance （about 50% natural irradiance） their uptake rates were restrained at the high but stimulated greatly at the intermediate phosphate concentrations （1.26 μM）, as the growth of phytoplankton, changes in nitrite and ammonium uptake didn＇t follow an obvious pattern. Our results also showed that there were linear relationships between nitrate, silicate and phosphate uptake at different phosphate concentrations under low and high irradiances, and the growth period of phytoplankton was prolonged both at the high phosphate concentrations under high irradiance and at the intermediate concentrations under low irradiance, suggesting that the limitation of phytoplankton growth mainly reflected changes in its growth period, and because no such environment （low irradiance and low phosphate concentrations） actually existed in a high turbidity zone, phytoplankton blooms hardly occurred there. In the absence of irradiance, denitrification occurred readily and phytoplankton was kept decreasing, which resulted in phosphate regeneration.  相似文献   

辽东栎萌生个体的地上生物量及其构件分配与生长参数的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟令彬  包维楷  张咏梅  庞学勇  孙凡 《山地学报》2006,24(2):202-208

选择岷江上游海拔2100-2300m地段的辽东栎萌生株个体69株，测定了每株生长参数（年龄、高度、基径、冠幅）、各器官生物量及地上总生物量，分析了各器官生物量及构件分配与生长参数的相互关系。结果表明，辽东栎萌生株构件分配的大小排序为：茎干〉枝〉皮〉叶：随径级增大。茎干、大枝生物量所占总生物量比例上升，其他器官所占比例减小。辽东栎年龄与高度呈S曲线关系，其他均表现出很好的幂指数函数关系；各构件器官生物量与生长参数大多也呈幂指数函数W=aD^h（D为基径）关系。基径为估测辽东栎萌生株地上各器官生物量及总生物量的最佳因子。  相似文献   

长江口水域多光谱遥感水深反演模型研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐升  张鹰 《地理与地理信息科学》2006,22(3):48-52

利用Landsat-7 ETM 遥感影像反射率和实测水深值之间的相关性可以探测水深。该文介绍单波段、双波段比值和多波段3种线性回归模型以及动量BP人工神经网络水深反演模型。选择长江口北港河道上段作为研究区,利用上述模型,分两种情况进行水深反演:一是以河道全部历史样本建模;二是将河道按自然水深划分为浅水区和深水区分别建模。结果表明:神经网络模型预测精度高于线性回归模型;水深分区后线性回归和神经网络模型预测误差均有所减小。  相似文献   

Ammonium regeneration in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze estuary during air-exposure     

L.J. Hou  M. Liu  J.J. Lu  S.Y. Xu  D.N. Ou  Y. Yang  D.G. Zheng 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(7):937-945

The influences of exposure to the atmosphere on ammonium cycle in the intertidal surface sediments were in situ studied with a geochemical approach at a typical station in the Yangtze Estuary during three tidal cycles in September 2003. During an about 8-h emersion period of each diurnal tide, six high-resolution vertical profiles of adsorbed and dissolved ammonium were measured. It was observed that both adsorbed and dissolved ammonium generally had an increasing trend in sediment cores during the exposure. The rate of ammonium regeneration in sediments was estimated using the accumulation amount of ammonium including adsorbed and soluble fractions during the daytime emersion. The calculation result showed that there was relatively high ammonification rate (˜500 nmol N cm⁻³ day⁻¹), which reflected that organic nitrogen in sediments was quickly decomposed with a residence time of ˜52.7 days. Due to the dramatic temperature difference observed in sediment profiles, free convection was considered an important mechanism of regulating the efflux of produced ammonium into overlying waters. The total estimated amount of regenerated ammonium was ˜1.35×10⁵ t N year⁻¹ in the intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary, which occupied 7.6% of the total inorganic nitrogen annually transported to the estuarine ecosystem.  相似文献   

闽江福州河段环境工程地质问题的评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚环  陈文庆 《工程地质学报》2002,10(2):166-171

江河环境工程地质问题是环境工程地质学研究的重要课题。江河沿岸环境地质条件是影响和决定沿江城市环境质量的重要背景 ;是控制和影响沿江河岸城市的环境容量和质量的重要因素。本文以闽江下游福州河段为例 ,概要评述了闽江福州河段的水动力条件和流水地质作用类型、强度等状况 ;分析研究了该河段的流水地质作用和地貌环境变化动态及其与沿江河岸人类各种工程建设活动的互相作用的特征和规律。对促进和提高沿江河岸人地系统和谐协调平衡发展水平 ,正确规划、预测和评价沿江河岸各类工程建设发展的经济和社会效益及其前景 ,都具有重要意义.  相似文献   

Iron colloids/organic matter associated transport of major and trace elements in small boreal rivers and their estuaries (NW Russia)     

O. S. Pokrovsky  J. Schott 《Chemical Geology》2002,190(1-4):141-179

The chemical status of major and trace elements (TE) in various boreal small rivers and watershed has been investigated along a 1500-km transect of NW Russia. Samples were filtered in the field through a progressively decreasing pore size (5, 0.8 and 0.22 μm; 100, 10, and 1 kD) using a frontal filtration technique. All major and trace elements and organic carbon (OC) were measured in filtrates and ultrafiltrates. Most rivers exhibit high concentration of dissolved iron (0.2–4 mg/l), OC (10–30 mg/l) and significant amounts of trace elements usually considered as immobile in weathering processes (Ti, Zr, Th, Al, Ga, Y, REE, V, Pb). In (ultra)filtrates, Fe and OC are poorly correlated: iron concentration gradually decreases upon filtration from 5 μm to 1 kD whereas the major part of OC is concentrated in the <1–10 kD fraction. This reveals the presence of two pools of colloids composed of organic-rich and Fe-rich particles. According to their behavior during filtration and association with these two types of colloids, three groups of elements can be distinguished: (i) species that are not affected by ultrafiltration and are present in the form of true dissolved inorganic species (Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs, Si, B, As, Sb, Mo) or weak organic complexes (Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba), (ii) elements present in the fraction smaller than 1–10 kD prone to form inorganic or organic complexes (Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, and, for some rivers, Pb, Cr, Y, HREE, U), and (iii) elements strongly associated with colloidal iron in all ultrafiltrates (P, Al, Ga, REE, Pb, V, Cr, W, Ti, Ge, Zr, Th, U). Based on size fractionation results and taking into account the nominal pore size for membranes, an estimation of the effective surface area of Fe colloids was performed. Although the total amount of available surface sites on iron colloids (i.e., 1–10 μM) is enough to accommodate the nanomolar concentrations of dissolved trace elements, very poor correlation between TE and surface sites concentrations was observed in filtrates and ultrafiltrates. This strongly suggests a preferential transport of TE as coprecipitates with iron oxy(hydr)oxides. These colloids can be formed on redox boundaries by precipitation of Fe(III) from inflowing Fe(II)/TE-rich anoxic ground waters when they meet well-oxygenated surface waters. Dissolved organic matter stabilizes these colloids and prevents their aggregation and coagulation. Estuarine behavior of several trace elements was studied for two small iron- and organic-rich rivers. While Si, Sr, Ba, Rb, and Cs show a clear conservative behavior during mixing of freshwaters with the White sea, Al, Pb and REE are scavenged with iron during coagulation of Fe hydroxide colloids.  相似文献   

岷江干旱河谷三种主要灌丛地上生物量的分布规律   总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24  

刘国华  张洁瑜  张育新  周建云  关文彬  马克明  傅伯杰 《山地学报》2003,21(1):24-32

灌丛是岷江干旱河谷主要的植被类型之一,也是该地区相对稳定的生态系统类型。在岷江干旱河谷的水土保持中发挥着重要的作用。本文通过野外样地调查和实验,研究了岷江干旱河谷分布最为广泛的莸灌丛、小花滇紫草灌丛和川甘亚菊灌丛3种灌丛类型的地上生物量,并探讨了其分布规律和影响因素。结果表明:(1)在3种灌丛类型中,川甘亚菊灌丛的平均地上生物量最大,达4819 8kg·hm-2,其次是莸灌丛,为1652 9kg·hm-2,而滇紫草灌丛的平均地上生物量最小,仅为1407 2kg·hm-2;(2)在同一灌丛类型中,不同样地的灌丛地上生物量存在着差异,其中莸灌丛的地上生物量的变化幅度最大,为304 2～5804 7kg·hm-2;滇紫草灌丛地上生物量的变化幅度为241 1～3889 2kg·hm-2;川甘亚菊灌丛地上生物量的变化幅度相对较小,为2089 8～6457 5kg·hm-2;说明川甘亚菊灌丛的群落结构相对稳定。(3)莸灌丛的地上生物量随海拔的上升而减少,而小花滇紫草灌丛和川甘亚菊灌丛的地上生物量则随海拔梯度的升高而增加,但三者都呈现出较好的相关性。(4)在3种灌丛类型中,莸灌丛的土壤水分条件相对较好,其次为小花滇紫草灌丛,川甘亚菊灌丛的土壤水分条件最差。3种灌丛中,小花滇紫草灌丛和川甘亚菊灌丛的地上生物量受土壤水分条件的影响较大,表现为随着土壤水  相似文献   

岷江上游毛榛、辽东栎灌丛及3种人工幼林土壤种子库的比较   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘文胜  曹敏  唐勇 《山地学报》2003,21(2):162-168

本文采用野外调查与萌发实验相结合的方法对岷江上游地区自然恢复的灌丛以及 3种人工林的土壤种子库状况进行了比较研究。结果显示 ,各样地土壤种子库的储量为 192 5 0～ 3 13 60粒 /(m2 × 10cm)之间 ,人工林的土壤种子库储量和物种数量都大于自然恢复的灌丛 ,其顺序为连香树Cercidiphyllum japonicum、油松Pinustabulaeformis混交林 >连香树林 >油松林 >毛榛Corylusmandshurica、辽东栎Quercusliaotungensis灌丛 ,各样地土壤种子库密度的垂直分布均为上层 >中层 >下层。在各样地土壤种子库的生活型组成中 ,乔木种类所占比例极少 ,而草本种类的数量较多。在灌丛的土壤种子库中 ,灌木的物种数量及其在种子库中所占的比例均大于人工林。大序醉鱼草Buddlejamacrostachya、喜阴悬钩子Rubusmesogaeus、华西绣线菊Spiraealaeta在种子库中的大量存在明显提高了灌木在各样地土壤种子库中所占的比例  相似文献