福建省无居民海岛开发利用的契机、挑战和对策          下载免费PDF全文

姬厚德  罗美雪  蓝尹余  涂振顺  孔昊  孙芹芹 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(2):34-38

文章概述福建省无居民海岛开发利用、保护和管理现状,从相关法律法规和规划办法逐步完善的角度分析无居民海岛开发利用的契机,同时指出面临的海岛开发利用投资成本高和回报周期长、开发利用同质化和低质化、海岛生态环境资源遭到破坏、历史遗留问题仍未解决以及不同类型海岛未能区别管理等挑战,在此基础上提出探索海岛开发利用新模式、加快区域用岛规划编制、理顺海岛保护管理体制机制和海岛分等级管理审批的对策建议。  相似文献   

Large wood retention in river channels: the case of the Fiume Tagliamento,Italy     

A. M. Gurnell  G. E. Petts  N. Harris  J. V. Ward  K. Tockner  P. J. Edwards  J. Kollmann 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(3):255-275

After more than 300 years of widespread and intensive river management, few examples of complex, unmanaged river systems remain within Europe. An exception is the Fiume Tagliamento, Italy, which retains a riparian woodland margin and unconfined river channel system throughout almost the entire 170 km length of its river corridor. A research programme is underway focusing on a range of related aspects of the hydrology, fluvial geomorphology and ecology of the Tagliamento. This paper contributes to that programme by focusing on large wood retention. The paper adopts a simple force:resistance approach at the scale of the entire river corridor in order to identify reaches of the river with a high wood retention potential. Information on the character of the river corridor is derived from 1:10 000 scale topographic maps. A range of indices measured at 330 transects across the river corridor supports a classification of the geomorphological style of the river which reflects the presence and abundance of properties previously identified in the literature as large wood retention sites. This classification provides a qualitative representation of the ‘resistance’ of the corridor to wood movement and thus its overall wood‐retention potential. The map‐derived indices are also used to extrapolate estimates of the ten year return period flood to each of the 330 transects so that the downstream pattern of unit stream power can be quantified as an index representing ‘force’ in the analysis. Although input of wood is an important factor in many river systems, it is assumed not to be a limiting factor along the Tagliamento, where riparian woodland is abundant. Field observations of large wood storage illustrate that wood retention at eight sites along the river reflects the presence and abundance of the features incorporated in the classification of geomorphological style, including the complexity of the channel network, the availability of exposed gravel areas, and the presence of islands. In general at the time of survey in August 1998, open gravel areas were estimated to store approximately 1 t ha⁻¹ of wood in single‐thread reaches and 6 t ha⁻¹ in multiple‐thread reaches. Established islands were estimated to store an average of 80 t ha⁻¹ of wood. Nevertheless, there was considerable variability between sites, and pioneer islands, which are not represented on maps or readily identified from air photographs because of their small size, were estimated to store an order of magnitude more wood than established islands. Furthermore, the wood storage from this sample of eight sites did not reflect variability in estimated unit stream power. A series of areas for further research are identified, which can be explored using field data, and which will throw more light on the processes of wood retention in this extremely dynamic fluvial environment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南麂列岛邻近海域贝类生态分布的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

高爱根  董永庭 《海洋学研究》1998,16(2):49-54

对南麂列岛邻近海域贝类生态分布的初步研究表明,在该海域共发现贝类４２种,广温广布种占５２．４％,亚热带种占２８．５％,热带种和暖温带种各占１１．９％和７．１％。优势种有江户明樱蛤Ｍｏｅｒｅｌａｊｅｄｏｅｎｓｉｓ、圆筒原盒螺Ｅｏ－ｃｙｌｉｃｈｎａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｅｌａ、经氏壳蛞蝓Ｐｈｉｌｉｎｅｋｉｎｇｌｉｐｉｎｉ等。春、秋两季平均生物量为４．４０ｇ／ｍ２,平均栖息密度为５７．２６个／ｍ２,数量分布不均匀,并有明显季节变化。种类和数量变动与海流、温度、盐度、潮流、底质等因子有关。  相似文献   

南麂列岛附近海域浮游动物的分布及其与浮游藻类和营养盐的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王春生  杨关铭 《海洋学研究》1998,16(2):41-48

本文描述了南麂列岛附近海域浮游动物的分布及其与浮游藻类和营养盐之间的关系。结果显示：浮游动物丰度与浮游藻类细胞总密度和硅藻细胞密度有正相关性,与硅酸盐和硝酸盐的浓度有负相关性。  相似文献   

南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微,小型藻类生态研究：Ⅰ.种类组成与生态特点     

朱根海  王旭 《海洋学研究》1998,16(2):1-21

本文对南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微、小型藻类的种类组成、生态类群、分布特点等进行了较详细的分析研究。经鉴定共有微、小型藻类４５９种,在海水和海洋底栖沉积物中发现的有２８３种;泥滩、沙滩、岩礁潮间带中发现的有２８１种;两者共同出现的有１０５种。其中,硅藻类占７１．２４％,蓝藻类占１３．９４％,甲藻类占１２．６４％,绿藻类和金藻类分别占１．５３％和０．６５％。这些种类大都为本区的新记录,为我国海洋微、小型藻类首次记录的有３０种。根据种类组成、分布特点和温度性质,划分为三个生态类群：广布性类群、暖水性类群、温带性类群。此外,根据生境或生活方式不同,划分为两个生态类群：海洋浮游藻类、海洋底栖藻类或附生藻类;根据盐度的不同,又可划分为：淡水藻类、半咸水藻类、海洋藻类;还可以根据藻类个体大小的不同,划分为两个生态类群：海洋微型藻类、海洋小型藻类。  相似文献   

The use of fractal geometry to determine the impact of inlet migration on the dynamics of a seagrass landscape     

A.H. Cunha  R.P. Santos 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):584-590

The use of fractal geometry to evaluate seagrass scaling behavior and the persistence of seagrass landscape patterns in relation to a disturbance is presented in this paper.Ria Formosa is a dynamic barrier-island system with a migrating inlet that creates a cyclic disturbance in a seagrass landscape. Seagrass patches which develop in the intertidal and shallow subtidal areas of Ria Formosa were digitized from a temporal sequence of aerial photographs, from 1980 to 1998. The methodology used to evaluate seagrass scaling behavior was proposed by Meltzer and Hastings (1992), and relates the frequency distribution of patch size with the existence of patch size-related patterns. The Hurst exponent was calculated to assess the temporal persistence of the seagrass landscape. Univariate regression was used to investigate relations between temporal persistence and disturbance. The existence of patch size-related patterns was identified for all years suggesting shifts in generating processes occurring at different domains of scales in the seagrass landscape. The results enforces the idea that it is important to recognize the existence of diverse processes occurring at different domains of scales and, emphasizes the importance of evaluating issues of temporal and spatial scale while trying to understand changes in seagrass landscapes. The Hurst exponent estimates show that although the migration and relocation of the inlet affected this system the evolutionary trajectory of the seagrass landscape is persistent, i.e., the patch dynamics observed is stable. Furthermore, persistence values were different for differently sized patches, small patches having lower persistence then larger patches.  相似文献   

浙江南麂列岛海域氮、磷营养盐季节动态及其环境影响因子分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李扬  吕颂辉  江天久  李欢  萧云朴  尤胜炮 《海洋通报》2009,28(4)

利用南麂海域4个站位2006年4月至2007年3月的连续调查资料,研究了该海域氮、磷营养盐的季节变化特征及其影响因素.南麂海域的无机氮主要由硝酸盐构成,平均占有比例77%.氮、磷营养盐的季节性变化显著,并且两者呈现同步的上升或下降的趋势.PO4-P 与 NO3-N 的相关性显著 ( r = 0.665 ).NO3-N 与水温、pH、盐度等多项因子之间均具有显著的相关性,其中与水温的相关性最为密切 ( r = 0.798 ).  相似文献   

Effect of temperature on production of CH4 and CO2 from Peat in a Natural and Flooded Boreal Forest Wetland     

C. McKenzie  S. Schiff  R. Aravena  C. Kelly  V. St. Louis 《Climatic change》1998,40(2):247-266

Flooding of a small boreal forest wetland (979) in northwestern Ontario, caused the formation of peat islands, which resulted in an approximate 10 °C increase in peat temperatures at a depth of 50 cm. Peat collected from the flooded wetland and a natural unflooded wetland was incubated anaerobically at temperatures of 4 °C, 15 °C, and 20 to 25 °C. Flooding of the wetland greatly increased CH4 production rates by increasing the ratio of CH4:CO2 produced from 979 peat (40% : 60%) compared to 632 peat (20% : 80%), at both preflood and postflood temperatures, likely due to the altered hydrological and geochemical conditions within the peat mats due to flooding. CH4 and CO2 production rates approximately tripled for every 10 °C temperature increase and may have been linked to to the metabolic rate of the methanogens or the fermentors independent of the substrate quality. Methane production rates from deep peat deposits within the islands were also significant and responded well to temperature increases despite peat 14C ages of 1000 years. Due to the large quantity of carbon stored within natural wetlands, artificial reservoirs may act as a significant and long term source of CH4 to the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Utilization and sustainable development of island mountains in China     

张耀光  杨荫凯 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1998,8(1):58-66

ＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＳＵＳＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＩＳＬＡＮＤＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ①ＺｈａｎｇＹａｏｇｕａｎｇ（张耀光）ＹａｎｇＹｉｎｋａｉ（杨荫凯）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｒｉｎｅＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ,Ｌｉａｏ...  相似文献   

Insights from experimental economics on local cooperation in a small-scale fishery management system     

Shankar Aswani  Georgina G. Gurney  Sara Mulville  Jaime Matera  Michael Gurven 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(6):1402-1409

Cooperation is central to collective management of small-scale fisheries management, including marine protected areas. Thus an understanding of the factors influencing stakeholders’ propensity to cooperate to achieve shared benefits is essential to accomplishing successful collective fisheries management. In this paper we study stakeholders’ cooperative behavioral disposition and elucidate the role of various socio-economic factors in influencing it in the Roviana Lagoon, Western Solomon Islands. We employed a Public Goods Game from experimental economics tailored to mimic the problem of common pool fisheries management to elucidate peoples’ cooperative behavior. Using Ostrom's framework for analyzing social-ecological systems to guide our analysis, we examined how individual-scale variables (e.g., age, education, family size, ethnicity, occupational status, personal norms), in the context of village-scale variables (e.g., village, governance institutions, group coercive action), influence cooperative behavior, as indexed by game contribution. Ostrom's framework provides an effective window for conceptually peeling back the various socio-economic and governance layers which influence cooperation within these communities. The results of our research show that the most important resource user characteristics influencing cooperative behavior were age, occupation and beliefs about giving access to others to fish for commercial gain. Through elucidating the factors affecting stakeholders’ propensity to cooperate to achieve shared benefits, our analysis provides guidance in understanding cooperation in relation to collective management of marine resources.  相似文献