Hydrometeorological Aspects of Floods in India   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Dhar  O. N.  Nandargi  Shobha 《Natural Hazards》2003,28(1):1-33

The Indian sub-continent being located in the heart of the summermonsoon belt, receives in most parts more than 75% of its annual rainfall during the fourmonsoon months of June to September. As the bulk of summer monsoon rainfall occurs withina period of four months, naturally majority of floods occur in Indian rivers during thisseason only. The ground conditions also help in generating high percentage of run-offbecause of the antecedent wet conditions caused by rainy spells occurring within the monsoonperiod itself. Besides mentioning different weather systems, which cause heavy rainfall and consequentfloods, a detailed discussion of 15 years' floods in different river systems has alsobeen given in the article. This study has shown that the flood problem in India is mostly confinedto the states located in the Indo-Gangetic plains, northeast India and occasionally in therivers of Central India.  相似文献   

Ocean-atmosphere interaction and synoptic weather conditions in association with the two contrasting phases of monsoon during BOBMEX-1999     

S. P. Ghanekar  V. R. Mujumdar  P. Seetaramayya  U. V. Bhide 《Journal of Earth System Science》2003,112(2):283-293

Surface meteorological parameters acquired during the field phase experiment, BOBMEX-99, for the stationary periods (SP I and II) of the ship ORV Sagar Kanya over Bay of Bengal have been analysed. Active and weak monsoon conditions were observed during the first and the second phase of the experiment respectively over India as well as over the stationary ship location. The phase mean sea surface temperature (SST) is found to be the same in both the phases, however large differences have been observed in the phase mean values of wind speed, mean sea level pressure, latent heat and momentum fluxes at air-sea interface. Synoptic scale monsoon disturbances formed only during the period of strong north-south pressure gradient over the Bay region. Events of prominent fall in SST and in the upper 15 m ocean layer mean temperature and salinity values during typical rainfall events are cited. The impact of monsoon disturbances on ocean-atmosphere interface transfer processes has been investigated.  相似文献   

副热带高压和对流潜热加热与南海台风的耗散及维持   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

丁治英  沈桐立  丁一汇 《热带气象学报》1998,14(4):306-313

利用自适应网格模式对９５０５号及９６１８号南海台风进行了数值模拟及试验,试验结果表明：南海台风的耗散主要与副热带高压加强有关,地形的影响较小。副高的活动对台风的加强与减弱十分敏感,当副高减弱时台风加强,副高加强时台风减弱。潜热释放是台风维持的主要因子。副高强度与潜热加热的大小成反比。分析发现,台风登陆后若与西风槽接近,则有利于台风维持。  相似文献   

Microseismicity around rupture area of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake from ocean bottom seismograph observations     

Koichiro Obana  Shuichi Kodaira  Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(2):561-572

Along the Nankai trough, southwestern Japan, the Philippine Sea plate (PSP) is subducting beneath the Eurasian plate, and large interplate earthquakes have occurred repeatedly with a recurrence interval of about 100-200 years. The most recent large thrust event in the eastern Nankai trough off Kii Peninsula was the 1944 Tonankai earthquake. In this region, current seismicity is very low and hypocenters are not determined accurately by the land seismic network. We conducted microseismicity observations around the rupture area of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake using ocean bottom seismographs (OBSs). Hypocenters were determined using a 2-D seismic velocity structure model based on an airgun-OBS seismic survey. Results obtained show that the seismicity was relatively active near the trough axis. These earthquakes may relate to deformation of the subducting Philippine Sea plate. On the other hand, microseismicity in the rupture area of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake was very low. This low-level seismic activity in the co-seismic rupture area of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake likely relates to a single large asperity off Kii Peninsula.  相似文献   

1998和1999年西北太平洋热带气旋的异常特征及其大尺度条件   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

孙颖  丁一汇 《气象学报》2002,60(5):527-537

应用联合台风警报中心 (JTWC)的资料 ,研究了 1998和 1999年西北太平洋 (WNP)热带气旋 (TC)的活动 ,发现这两年具有较为相似的异常特征 :台风个数明显偏少 ,台风的生成源地显著偏西。对导致这种异常的大尺度条件场的分析表明 ,1998和 1999年的台风季季风槽、垂直风切变、海平面气压等因子的分布都不利于台风在WNP东部海域的生成 ,因此是导致这两年台风偏少和生成源地异常偏西的重要原因。其中 ,季风槽的异常偏西及在盛夏的异常偏北对TC的异常活动产生了主要影响。对低纬大气环流异常的进一步分析表明 ,WNP地区的环流异常是导致季风槽和垂直风切变场异常的主要原因 ,而 1999年异常环流的出现可能是由于低纬大气对印尼附近异常热源强迫的响应所致。由于该热源的存在 ,在其东侧 (WNP地区 )激发出东传的Kelvin波 ,而相应的异常风场则表现为低层盛行异常东风 ,而高层盛行异常西风 ,因此造成了WNP东部和西部海域垂直切变场的近乎相反的变化。同时 ,由于低层异常强的东风不利于季风西风的向东延伸 ,从而使季风槽明显偏西 ,未到达菲律宾以东的热带气旋频发区的位置。  相似文献   

SUBTROPICAL HIGH, LATENT HEATING BY CONVECTION AND ASSOCIATION WITH DISSIPATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOUTH CHINA SEA TYPHOONSI     

丁治英  沈桐立  丁一汇 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1999,5(1):43-50

Numerical modeling and experiments are conducted for the South China Sea typhoons Helen (1995) and Willie (1996) with an auto-adaptive mesh model. It is shown that durating the stage of dissipation the typhoons are mainly related with the subtropical high rather than the topography. The high is sensitive to the intensity change of the typhoon so that the former weakens as the latter strengthens and vice versa. Maintaining the typhoon as a main factor, the release of latent heat is in reversed proportion with the subtropical high in terms of the intensity. It is found that the storm tends to be maintained if it moves close to the westerly trough after landfall.  相似文献   

1909号超强台风“利奇马”强降水特征的诊断     

谭震  梁梅  薛宇峰  徐建军  徐峰 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(4):450-459

基于TRMM卫星降雨资料、MERRA-2卫星位势高度、风速、垂直速度等资料，对1909号台风"利奇马"的移动特征及其引发浙江、江苏、山东等地暴雨进行诊断分析.分析结果发现，台风"利奇马"是北上型台风，移动路径主要受副高与1910号台风"罗莎"等系统影响.在北上的过程中，由于台风倒槽与西风槽携带的冷空气配合，且存在大量不稳定能量，引发了此次强降水过程.此外，低空急流及西风槽为降水提供了良好的动力上升条件，南海西南季风与台风"罗莎"是台风"利奇马"充沛的水汽与能量来源，为暴雨提供了良好的水汽条件.  相似文献   

底越式速流结构计算原理     

张祎  唐红梅  陈洪凯 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2008,19(1):100-104

速流结构是公路泥石流防治体系中常用且有效的工程措施之一。文章基于底越式速流结构的受荷模式及边界条件,将汇流槽视为三次超静定梁,运用结构力学方法求解侧墙及嵌固桩的内力;将速流槽与嵌固桩引入Winkler模型,用弹性地基梁理论求解速流槽内力、位移及地基反力,由此提出底越式速流结构计算理论。以平川泥石流防治工程为例,进行内力计算。  相似文献   

典型岩溶槽谷区地下水化学特征及地球化学敏感性分析   总被引：11，自引：8，他引：3  

任坤  师阳  李晓春  蓝家程  徐尚全 《中国岩溶》2014,33(1):15-21

利用2012年4月—2013年3月的水化学数据研究了重庆老龙洞地下河流域地下水系统地球化学敏感性。结果表明,研究区表层岩溶泉和地下河水化学阳离子分别以Ca2+、Mg2+和Ca2+、Na+为主,阴离子以HCO3-、SO42-为主;表层岩溶泉雨季Mg2+/ Ca2+摩尔比和地下河雨季Na+/ Ca2+摩尔比旱季大于雨季,表层岩溶泉和地下河雨季 HCO3-/SO42- 摩尔比分别为3.428～6.524、3.122～5.966,旱季HCO3-/SO42-摩尔比分别为5.693～8.664、3.428～6.524,表现出低SO42-、高HCO3-的特征,主要受农业活动影响的表层岩溶泉主量元素地球化学敏感性依次为HCO3-> SO42->Ca2+> NO3-> Mg2+> Na+> K+>Cl-,而受农业活动、工业活动、城镇建设活动等多种因子共同影响下的地下河主量元素地球化学敏感性有所变化,依次为HCO3->Na+> Ca2+> K+> Cl-> Mg2+> NO3-> SO42-,随着人类影响的加剧,离子敏感指数将会有增加的趋势。   相似文献   

四川螺髻山清水沟冰川槽谷演化及其影响因素     

张威  何代文  刘丽波  刘蓓蓓  日海补杰惹  李银才 《地理科学进展》2014,33(10):1397-1404

螺髻山地处青藏高原东南缘,是确切存在第四纪古冰川遗迹的典型山地之一,该区冰川地貌演化对于研究环境变化具有重要的科学意义。螺髻山东坡清水沟保存两套古冰川槽谷,分别为上槽谷和下槽谷,其中下槽谷保存完整,而上槽谷在3450~3600 m的阴坡部分出现缺失。采用野外地貌调查与模型分析相结合的方法,对冰川槽谷地貌进行分析,结果表明:清水沟槽谷的抛物线模型中,|A|值在1.3101~15.2064 之间变动,B 值变化于0.9695~3.2965 之间,且随着海拔由高到低,都存在着先变小后变大的规律,A、B值同时反映出在海拔3450~3600 m处冰川槽谷的演化不符合常态。分析认为岩性差异和河流溯源侵蚀是影响上槽谷形态的主要原因。对保存在清水沟上下槽谷内的高、低侧碛进行ESR年代测定,结果显示:高侧碛形成于58-84 ka BP左右的末次冰期早期,对应深海氧同位素4 阶段(MIS4);低侧碛形成于13-17 ka BP,属于于全球末次冰盛期晚期的产物。两次冰川作用分别塑造出两套冰川槽谷,即在末次冰期早期冰川作用形成上槽谷,末次冰期晚期形成下槽谷。  相似文献