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151.
In the present study, we report N_2 fixation rate(~(15)N isotope tracer assay) and the diazotroph community structure(using the molecular method) in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean(WTNP)(13°–20°N, 120°–160°E). Our independent evidence on the basis of both in situ N_2 fixation activity and diazotroph community structure showed the dominance of unicellular N_2 fixation over majority of the WTNP surface waters during the sampling periods.Moreover, a shift in the diazotrophic composition from unicellular cyanobacteria group B-dominated to Trichodesmium spp.-dominated toward the western boundary current(Kuroshio) was also observed in 2013. We hypothesize that nutrient availability may have played a major role in regulating the biogeography of N_2 fixation.In surface waters, volumetric N_2 fixation rate(calculated by nitrogen) ranged between 0.6 and 2.6 nmol/(L·d) and averaged(1.2±0.5) nmol/(L·d), with 10 μm size fraction contributed predominantly(88%±6%) to the total rate between 135°E and 160°E. Depth-integrated N_2 fixation rate over the upper 200 m ranged between 150 μmol/(m~2·d)and 480 μmol/(m~2·d)(average(225±105) μmol/(m~2·d). N_2 fixation can account for 6.2%±3.7% of the depthintegrated primary production, suggesting that N_2 fixation is a significant N source sustaining new and export production in the WTNP. The role of N_2 fixation in biogeochemical cycling in this climate change-vulnerable region calls for further investigations. 相似文献
152.
太湖人工生态系统中氮循环细菌分布 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
对太湖五里湖的以水生高等植物为主的湖泊人工生态系统,用最大可能数(MPN)法,测定了该系统内各种生态类型水生高等植物群落内的4类氮循环细菌的分布.结果表明,反硝化细菌的最大可能数(MPN),在水生高等植物群落内水体中较敞水区湖水高2-5个数量级,差异极显著(P<0.01),漂浮植物群落内水体的反硝化细菌MPN值较沉水和浮叶植物群落内水体高2-3个数量级,差异极显著(P<0.01);硝化细菌MPN值,敞水区湖水高于凤眼莲、水花生群落内水体,差异显著( P< 0. 05),菱群落与其他群落比较,亦有极显著性差异( P< 0. 01);亚硝化细菌MPN值,在水生高等植物群落内的水体中较敞水区高 3- 4个数量级,差异极显著( P< 0. 01) ;氨化细菌MPN值,在水生高等植物群落内的水体中高于敞水区水体.除硝化细菌外,反硝化、亚硝化及氨化细菌均在根际处最为密集,且由根际向外呈现递减趋势. 相似文献
153.
太湖西部环湖河道污染物输移速率变化特征 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
阐明污染物出入湖输移速率对于湖泊陆域污染控制具有重要意义.本文研究了太湖西部主要环湖河道总氮(TN)、溶解性总氮(DTN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)输移速率变化特征.结果表明环湖河道上述指标净输入速率分别为707.9、727.0、28.8、18.2和700.9 g/s.城东港、百渎港、大浦港和沙塘港4条河道TN、DTN、TP、DTP和CODMn输入速率分别占西部河道总输入速率的62.7%、63.6%、67.1%、66.6%和64.8%.太浦河、长兜港和大钱港TN、DTN、TP、DTP和CODMn输出速率占总输出的86.5%、86.9%、85.0%、85.3%和80.6%.污染物净输入速率受水情影响,TN和DTN浓度汛前最大,而TP、DTP、CODMn浓度汛期增大,汛后分别降低44.2%、48.8%和39.8%.城东港氮、磷输入速率受浓度控制,其他河道各指标输移速率受流量控制.近岸湖体TN浓度与入湖速率呈显著正相关,而离岸湖体TN、TP、CODMn浓度对入湖速率的变化响应不明显. 相似文献
154.
155.
Dongliang Lu Keqiang Li Shengkang Liang Guohong Lin Xiulin Wang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):53-63
With anthropogenic changes, the structure and quantity of nitrogen nutrients have changed in coastal ocean, which has dramatically influenced the water quality. Water quality modeling can contribute to the necessary scientific grounding of coastal management. In this paper, some of the dynamic functions and parameters of nitrogen were calibrated based on coastal field experiments covering the dynamic nitrogen processes in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), including phytoplankton growth, respiration, and mortality; particulate nitrogen degradation; and dissolved organic nitrogen remineralization. The results of the field experiments and box model simulations showed good agreement (RSD = 20% ± 2% and SI = 0.77 ± 0.04). A three-dimensional water quality model of nitrogen (3DWQMN) in JZB was improved and the dynamic parameters were updated according to field experiments. The 3DWQMN was validated based on observed data from 2012 to 2013, with good agreement (RSD = 27 ± 4%, SI = 0.68 ± 0.06, and K = 0.48 ± 0.04), which testifies to the model's credibility. 相似文献
156.
157.
158.
光和温度对两种绿潮藻光合途径及抗氧化功能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
绿潮是潮间带绿藻大量增殖形成的高生物量生态灾害,其暴发不仅受到温度、营养盐等环境因素的驱动,而且与自身光合能力的强弱密切相关。本研究以绿潮物种—肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)和Ulva expansa为研究对象,通过室外培养实验,检测了它们在夏季高温、高光强条件下的光合途径与抗氧化生理特征,并分析了与光合产物的对应关系。研究结果表明,肠浒苔与U. expansa的光合途径与抗氧化能力存在显著差异。前者的C4光合途径关键酶活性在光合作用过程中出现高表达特征,与光、温度存在显著相关性,C3光合途径关键酶活性在中午受到强光抑制;组织δ13C的变化范围为?17.1‰~?15.7‰,表明其光合作用可能由C3和C4途径共同参与。后者的C4光合途径关键酶活性表达较弱,且与光、温度不存在显著相关性,C3光合途径关键酶活性没有出现明显的光抑制现象;组织δ13C的范围为?23.5‰~?21.9‰,表明其光合作用主要依靠C3途径进行。此外,肠浒苔在培养过程中表现出了较强的抗氧化能力,可能与其在高温、高光强条件下启动C4光合途径密切相关。肠浒苔与U. expansa的比较研究说明,藻类C4光合途径存在显著种间差异性。 相似文献
159.
Carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of particulate organic matter in relation to mucilage formation in the northern Adriatic Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Faganeli N. Ogrinc N. Kovac K. Kukovec I. Falnoga P. Mozetic O. Bajt 《Marine Chemistry》2009,114(3-4):102-109
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of particulate organic matter (POM) were studied approximately weekly during spring and summer 2003 and 2004 in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) in order to track the temporal variations and differences between two years. In parallel, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN), phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a), and N and P nutrients were monitored. All studied parameters, especially N and P nutrients and chlorophyll a, showed higher concentrations and larger variability in spring 2004. As a consequence the macroaggregates were produced in late spring 2004. The C and N isotope composition of POM was not directly linked to phytoplankton biomass dynamics. The δ13CPOC values covaried with temperature. In 2004, δ13CPOC variations followed the δ15NPN values as well as the δ13CDIC values which were probably more dependent on the photosynthetic use of 12C. Variations in δ15NPOM values were most probably the consequence of variations in N nutrient sources used in phytoplankton assimilation. The significant correlation between δ15NPN values and nitrate concentrations in 2004 implies intense nitrate assimilation in the presence of higher nitrate concentration. This suggests nitrate as the key nutrient in the »new primary production«, later producing macroaggregates with a mean δ13C and δ15N values of − 19‰ and 5‰, respectively. A low fractionation factor ε, < 1‰, lower than that reported in other marine and lacustrine systems, was found probably to be a consequence of distinct phytoplankton species, i.e. several classes of autotrophic nanoflagellates, and specific growth conditions present in the Gulf of Trieste. The tentative use of C isotope composition of POM revealed a higher contribution of allochthonous organic matter in 2004 compared to 2003 due to higher riverine inflow. 相似文献
160.