库布齐沙漠南缘沙丘固定与活化过程中的形态演变   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘丹  管超  周炎广  陶彬彬  哈斯额尔敦 《中国沙漠》2016,36(5):1223-1229

以1998-2014年5期库布齐沙漠南缘的遥感影像为主要数据源,结合野外调查分析了沙丘固定与活化过程中的形态演变,探讨了区域风况和降水等气象要素对沙丘固定与活化及形态演变的影响。结果表明：研究区沙丘随降水量的年际波动经历了固定-活化-再固定3个阶段。监测初期的片状流动沙丘演变为大型抛物线形沙丘并得以固定,固定的抛物线形沙丘以发育风蚀坑形式活化,进而形成多个抛物线形沙丘,最后这些沙丘又被植被固定,沙丘形态趋于更加复杂。但在此过程中,风的作用并不显著.研究区抛物线形沙丘既可起源于新月形沙丘或片状流沙,也可由风蚀坑发育而成,其中植被作为沙丘的重要组成部分,起着重要作用。同时发现在抛物线形沙丘移动过程中,当背风坡发育滑落面时,沙丘的移动最快。  相似文献   

造礁珊瑚碳、氮、硼同位素的海洋酸化指示意义     

韩韬  余克服  陶士臣 《热带地理》2016,36(1):48-54

大气CO2体积分数升高导致的海洋酸化不仅会降低海水pH,还会改变其碳酸盐平衡体系,使得海水中文石饱和度（Ω）降低,相应地会降低珊瑚钙化的速率。已有研究表明：珊瑚骨骼δ13C、δ11B和δ15N具有记录Suess Effect、生物生产力、海水pH值以及营养源的能力;主要表现为：δ11B记录的pH值、δ13C记录的海水无机碳库（DIC）δ13C和生物生产力,以及δ15N记录的陆源物质输送量相结合,可用来指示受季风影响的南海“大陆架碳泵”和近海污染与海洋酸化的联系。目前关于珊瑚对海洋酸化的记录研究仍相对较少,珊瑚碳-氮-硼同位素组合的应用将会加深对于海洋酸化与气候变率和全球碳、氮循环的关系的认识,可能成为揭示海水pH值变化规律性的重要手段。  相似文献   

Plant Species Richness Increased Belowground Plant Biomass and Substrate Nitrogen Removal in a Constructed Wetland     

Hai Wang  Zheng‐Xin Chen  Xiao‐Yu Zhang  Si‐Xi Zhu  Ying Ge  Scott‐X. Chang  Chong‐Bang Zhang  Cheng‐Cai Huang  Jie Chang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(7):657-664

The effects of plant species richness on both above‐ and belowground plant biomass, plant nitrogen (N) pool size, and substrate N concentrations were studied in a full‐scale subsurface vertical‐flow constructed wetland (CW). Results showed that (i) plant species richness increased belowground plant biomass and its N pool size but had no effect on aboveground plant biomass and its N pool size; (ii) plant species richness increased substrate N removal, especially ammonium N removal; and (iii) plant species richness had no effect on plant N use efficiency, suggesting that the N pool size increased with increasing plant species richness. More N accumulation could be removed through harvesting plant biomass. We concluded that the N removal performance of the CW improved by plant species richness through increasing belowground biomass and relevant N pool size.  相似文献   

Exploring river nitrogen and phosphorus loading and export to global coastal waters in the Shared Socio-economic pathways     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

This global spatially explicit (0.5 by 0.5 degree) analysis presents the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs, processing and biogeochemical retention and delivery to surface waters and river export to coastal seas according to the five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP). Four systems are considered: (i) human system; (ii) agriculture; (iii) aquaculture; (iv) nature. Exploring the changes during 1980–2015 and 2015–2050 according to the SSPs shows that the natural nutrient sources have been declining in the past decades and will continue to decline in all SSPs in future decades due to massive land transformations, while agriculture, human sewage and aquaculture are becoming increasingly dominant (globally up to 80% of nutrient delivery). More efforts than those employed in any of the SSPs are needed to slow down the global nutrient cycles. One of the drivers of the proliferation of harmful algal blooms is the tendency towards increasing N:P ratios in global freshwaters and export to the global coastal seas; this is the result of increasing N:P in inputs in food production, more efficient biogeochemical retention of P than of N in river basins, and groundwater N legacies, which seems to be most pronounced in a united world that strives after sustainability. The diverging strategies to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals 14 (life below water), 2 (zero hunger) and 6 (clean water and sanitation) therefore require a balanced management system for both N and P in all systems, that accounts for future nutrient legacies.  相似文献   

海水硝酸盐氮、氧同位素组成研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨志  陈敏 《地球科学进展》2012,27(3):268-275

海洋中氮的生物地球化学循环影响着海洋生态系统的结构和功能,并和全球气候变化有着密切的联系,一直是海洋科学研究的重点和热点。海水硝酸盐的15N/14N和18O/16O比值可以反映海洋中氮循环的主要过程,因而成为研究海洋氮循环的一个重要手段。综述海水硝酸盐氮、氧同位素组成的测定方法,同化吸收作用、硝化作用、反硝化作用、生物固氮作用等氮循环过程所导致的氮、氧同位素分馏及其在海洋学研究中的应用。海洋生态系中硝酸盐氮、氧同位素的分布可以提供支持生物生产力的氮来源信息,以及氮在不同储库迁移转化的路径与机制。未来的研究需要发展适用于低含量硝酸盐的同位素测量方法,构筑海洋氮的收支平衡,掌握影响上层海洋硝酸盐氮、氧同位素变化的过程,获取全球海域有关硝酸盐氮、氧同位素组成的更多数据。  相似文献   

Water-removed spectra increase the retrieval accuracy when estimating savanna grass nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Abel Ramoelo  Andrew K. SkidmoreMartin Schlerf  Renaud MathieuIgnas M.A. Heitkönig 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(4):408-417

Information about the distribution of grass foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is important for understanding rangeland vitality and for facilitating the effective management of wildlife and livestock. Water absorption effects in the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) regions pose a challenge for nutrient estimation using remote sensing. The aim of this study was to test the utility of water-removed (WR) spectra in combination with partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) to estimate foliar N and P, compared to spectral transformation techniques such as first derivative, continuum removal and log-transformed (Log(1/R)) spectra. The study was based on a greenhouse experiment with a savanna grass species (Digitaria eriantha). Spectral measurements were made using a spectrometer. The D. eriantha was cut, dried and chemically analyzed for foliar N and P concentrations. WR spectra were determined by calculating the residual from the modelled leaf water spectra using a nonlinear spectral matching technique and observed leaf spectra. Results indicated that the WR spectra yielded a higher N retrieval accuracy than a traditional first derivative transformation (R²=0.84, RMSE = 0.28) compared to R²=0.59, RMSE = 0.45 for PLSR. Similar trends were observed for SMLR. The highest P retrieval accuracy was derived from WR spectra using SMLR (R²=0.64, RMSE = 0.067), while the traditional first derivative and continuum removal resulted in lower accuracy. Only when using PLSR did the first derivative result in a higher P retrieval accuracy (R²=0.47, RMSE = 0.07) than the WR spectra (R²=0.43, RMSE = 0.070). It was concluded that the water removal technique is a promising technique to minimize the perturbing effect of foliar water content when estimating grass nutrient concentrations.  相似文献   

京津唐都市经济圈浅层地下水三氮含量评价的协克里格法     

郭丽峰  罗阳  郭勇  刘德文  林超 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(4):17-22,25

对京津唐地区浅层地下水240个样本点的氨氮和硝酸盐氮含量进行了测定,应用地统计学方法对数据进行了分析,结果表明地下水中氨氮和硝酸盐氮含量符合对数正态分布。采用简单协克里格方法对未观察点进行了估值,并绘制了氨氮和硝酸盐氮含量空间分布图。将氨氮和硝酸盐氮含量分成8个等级,利用GIS空间分析方法分别统计了各个等级的面积。结果...  相似文献   

Relationship of photosynthetic carbon fixation with environmental changes in the Jiulong River estuary of the South China Sea, with special reference to the effects of solar UV radiation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li G  Gao K  Yuan D  Zheng Y  Yang G 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1852-1858

Phytoplankton cells in estuary waters usually experience drastic changes in chemical and physical environments due to mixing of fresh and seawaters. In order to see their photosynthetic performance in such dynamic waters, we measured the photosynthetic carbon fixation by natural phytoplankton assemblages in the Jiulong River estuary of the South China Sea during April 24-26 and July 24-26 of 2008, and investigated its relationship with environmental changes in the presence or the absence of UV radiation. Phytoplankton biomass (Chl a) decreased sharply from the river-mouth to seawards (17.3-2.1 μg L⁻¹), with the dominant species changed from chlorophytes to diatoms. The photosynthetic rate based on Chl a at noon time under PAR-alone increased from 1.9 μg C (μg Chl a)⁻¹ L⁻¹ in low salinity zone (SSS < 10) to 12.4 μg C (μg Chl a)⁻¹ L⁻¹ in turbidity front (SSS within 10-20), and then decreased to 2.1 μg C (μg Chl a)⁻¹ L⁻¹ in mixohaline zone (SSS > 20); accordingly, the carbon fixation per volume of seawater increased from 12.8 to 149 μg C L⁻¹ h⁻¹, and decreased to 14.3 μg C L⁻¹ h⁻¹. Solar UVR caused the inhibition of carbon fixation in surface water of all the investigated zones, by 39% in turbidity area and 7-10% in freshwater or mixohaline zones. In the turbidity zone, higher availability of CO₂ could have enhanced the photosynthetic performance; while osmotic stress might be responsible for the higher sensitivity of phytoplankton assemblages to solar UV radiation.  相似文献   

First observations of jelly-falls at the seafloor in a deep-sea fjord     

Andrew K. Sweetman  Annelise Chapman 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(12):1206-1211

Faunal communities at the deep-sea floor mainly rely on the downward transport of particulate organic material for energy, which can come in many forms, ranging from phytodetritus to whale carcasses. Recently, studies have shown that the deep-sea floor may also be subsidized by fluxes of gelatinous material to the benthos. The deep-sea scyphozoan medusa Periphylla periphylla is common in many deep-sea fjords in Norway and recent investigations in Lurefjorden in western Norway suggest that the biomass of this jellyfish currently exceeds 50000 t here. To quantify the presence of dead P. periphylla jellyfish falls (hereafter termed jelly-falls) at the deep seafloor and the standing stock of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) deposited on the seafloor by this species, we made photographic transects of the seafloor, using a ‘Yo-Yo’ camera system during an opportunistic sampling campaign in March 2011. Of 218 seafloor photographs taken, jelly-falls were present in five, which resulted in a total jelly-fall abundance of 1×10^-2 jelly-falls m⁻² over the entire area surveyed. Summed over the entire area of seafloor photographed, 1×10^-2 jelly-falls m⁻² was equivalent to a C- and N-biomass of 13 mg C m⁻² and 2 mg N m⁻². The contribution of each jelly-fall to the C- and N-amount of the sediment in the immediate vicinity of each fall (i.e. to sediment in each 3.02 m² image in which jelly-falls were observed) was estimated to be 568±84 mg C m⁻² and 88±13 mg N m⁻². The only megafaunal taxon observed around or on top of the jelly-falls was caridean shrimp (14±5 individuals jelly-fall⁻¹), and shrimp abundance was significantly greater in photographs in which a jelly-fall was found (14±5 individuals image⁻¹) compared to photographs in which no jelly-falls were observed (1.4±0.7 individuals image⁻¹). These observations indicate that jelly-falls in this fjord can enhance the sedimentary C- and N-amount at the deep-sea floor and may provide nutrition to benthic and demersal faunas in this environment. However, organic enrichment from the jelly-falls found in this single sampling event and associated disturbance was highly localized.  相似文献   

Differential utilization of a shallow-water pulse by six shrub species in the Patagonian steppe     

E. KowaljowR.J. Fernández 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(2):211-214

A field experiment was performed to improve understanding of the functional diversity of western Patagonian shrubs. Anarthrophyllum rigidum, Adesmia volckmanni, Berberis heterophylla, Mulinum spinosum, Schinus poligamus and Senecio filaginoides were compared in their capacity to absorb water from a 10-mm pulse enriched in deuterium and applied at the beginning of the dry summer. Xylem-water enrichment 14 days after watering was rather subtle, but the upper-soil signal was clear enough to distinguish shallow from deeper absorption. According to a linear mixing model, the proportion of surface-pulse water relative to total water uptake was maximum for Senecio (29-38%) and Mulinum (22-32%), both relatively shallow-rooted species, intermediate for Berberis (16-17%) and Schinus (6-9%), and negligible for the two N-fixing Fabaceae: Adesmia (<1%) and Anarthrophyllum (<3%), despite this last one having a dimorphic (tap + shallow) root system. It is hypothesized that shallow-water pulses may be more profitable in terms of nitrogen than of water, and thus constitute a higher-quality resource for those species only able to use N from soil sources.  相似文献