Experimental study of wave–wave nonlinear interactions using the wavelet-based bicoherence     

Guohai Dong  Yuxiang Ma  Marc Perlin  Xiaozhou Ma  Bo Yu  Jianwu Xu 《Coastal Engineering》2008

The wavelet-based bicoherence, which is a new and powerful tool in the analysis of nonlinear phase coupling, is used to study the nonlinear wave–wave interactions of breaking and non-breaking gravity waves propagating over a sill. Two cases of mechanically generated random waves based on Jonswap spectra are used for this purpose. Values of relative depth, k_ph (k_p is the wave number of the spectral peak and h is the water depth) for this study range between 0.38 and 1.22. The variations of wavelet-based total bicoherence for the test cases indicate that the degree of quadratic phase coupling increases in the shoaling region consistent with a wave profile that is pitched shoreward, relative to a vertical axis as seen in the experiments, but decreases in the de-shoaling region. For the non-breaking case, the degree of quadratic phase coupling continues to increase until waves reach the top of the sill. Breaking waves, however, achieve their highest level of quadratic phase coupling immediately before incipient breaking and the degree of phase coupling decreases sharply following breaking. In addition the wavelet-based bicoherence spectra provide evidence of the harmonics' growth which is reflected in the energy spectra. The bicoherence spectra also show that quadratic phase coupling between modes within the peak frequency as well as between modes of the peak frequency and its higher harmonics are dominant in the shoaling region, even though there are relatively high levels of quadratic phase coupling occurring between other frequencies. Furthermore, using the temporal resolution property of the wavelet-based bicoherence, we find that the quadratic wave interactions occur more readily during segments of time with large change of wave amplitude, rather than those segments having large wave amplitudes, but small gradients in amplitude.  相似文献   

Generation and propagation of transient nonlinear waves in a wave flume     

Wojciech Sulisz  Maciej Paprota 《Coastal Engineering》2008

A semi-analytical nonlinear wavemaker model is derived to predict the generation and propagation of transient nonlinear waves in a wave flume. The solution is very efficient and is achieved by applying eigenfunction expansions and FFT. The model is applied to study the effect of the wavemaker and its motion on the generation and propagation of nonlinear waves. The results indicate that the linear wavemaker theory may be applied to predict only the generation of waves of low steepness for which the nonlinear terms in the kinematic wavemaker boundary condition and free-surface boundary conditions are of secondary importance. For waves of moderate steepness and steep waves these nonlinear terms have substantial effects on wave profile and wave spectrum just after the wavemaker. A wave spectrum corresponding to a sinusoidally moving wavemaker possesses a multi-peak form with substantial nonlinear components, which disturbs or may even exclude physical modeling in wave flumes. The analysis shows that the widely recognized weakly nonlinear wavemaker theory may only be applied to describe the generation and propagation of waves of low steepness. This is subject to further restrictions in shallow and deep waters because the kinematic wavemaker boundary condition as well as the nonlinear interaction of wave components and the evolution of wave energy spectrum is not properly described by weakly nonlinear wavemaker theory. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave flume to verify the nonlinear wavemaker model. The comparisons show a reasonable agreement between predicted and measured free-surface elevation and the corresponding amplitudes of Fourier series. A reasonable agreement between theoretical results and experimental data is observed even for fairly steep waves.  相似文献   

Robust diving control of an AUV   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lionel Lapierre 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(1):92-104

Mobile systems traveling through a complex environment present major difficulties in determining accurate dynamic models. Autonomous underwater vehicle motion in ocean conditions requires investigation of new control solutions that guarantee robustness against external parameter uncertainty. A diving-control design, based on Lyapunov theory and back-stepping techniques, is proposed and verified. Using adaptive and switching schemes, the control system is able to meet the required robustness. The results of the control system are theoretically proven and simulations are developed to demonstrate the performance of the solutions proposed.  相似文献   

Influence of Frequency on the Behaviour of Plate Anchors Subjected to Cyclic Loading     

S. P. Singh  S. V. Ramaswamy 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2008,26(1):36-50

This article reports the response of embedded circular plate anchors to varying frequencies of cyclic loading. The effects of time period of loading cycles and pre-loading on movement of anchors and post-cyclic monotonic pullout behavior are studied using a model circular (80 mm diameter) plate anchor, buried at embedment ratio of six in a soft saturated clay. The frequencies of loading cycles have showed considerable effect on movement of anchors. For given duration of loading, higher frequency cycles cause more movement of anchor than lower frequency cycles. Pre-loading reduces the movement of anchors in subsequent loading stages. When anchors are recycled at a load ratio level less than the pre-cycling load, the movement of anchor in recycling phase are very much reduced, but if the recycling is done at a higher load ratio level, the effect is not that much pronounced and the anchors behave as if they were not subjected to any cycling load in the past. Anchor subjected to cyclic loading and then monotonic pullout shows an increase in initial stiffness, whereas the peak pullout load was found to decrease marginally over that of an anchor not subjected to any cyclic loading. For the present test conditions, the relative post-cyclic stiffness of anchors is found to vary from 1.169 to 1.327.  相似文献   

Bifurcation analysis of wind-driven flows with MOM4     

Erik Bernsen  Henk A. Dijkstra  Fred W. Wubs 《Ocean Modelling》2009,30(2-3):95-105

In this paper, the methodology of bifurcation analysis is applied to the explicit time-stepping ocean model MOM4 using a Jacobian–Free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) approach. We in detail present the implementation of the JFNK method in MOM4 but restrict the preconditioning technique to the case for which the density distribution is prescribed. For a prescribed density field case, we present bifurcation diagrams, for the first time in MOM4, for the wind-driven ocean circulation. In addition, we show that the JFNK method can reduce the spin-up time to a steady equilibrium in MOM4 considerably if an accurate solution is required.  相似文献   

深基坑内支撑等效刚度数值计算影响因素分析     

刘小丽  陈芳  贾永刚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(2)

深基坑平面内支撑结构等效刚度的计算常采用有限元等数值计算方法,通过分析深基坑支护结构的4种典型平面内支撑结构型式,探讨了数值计算模型中内支撑结构的单元划分长度、约束弹簧刚度、约束弹簧间距、约束弹簧布置型式等因素对内支撑等效刚度计算结果的影响.经计算分析可知,在其他影响因素不变而只改变某个影响因素时,平面内支撑结构的等效刚度随腰梁单元长度的增加、约束弹簧刚度的增加呈增加的趋势,随约束弹簧间距的增加呈降低的趋势,但基本不受约束弹簧布置型式、除腰梁之外的其他内支撑构件单元长度的影响.在此基础上,得出了数值计算中上述各影响因素的建议取值范围和约束弹簧的布置型式.  相似文献   

Experimental study of the transformation of bound long waves over a mild slope with ambient currents     

Guohai Dong  Xiaozhou Ma  Jianwu Xu  Yuxiang Ma  Gang Wang 《Coastal Engineering》2009,56(10):1035-1042

The effect of currents on the variation of cross-shore bound long waves forced by bichromatic waves over a plane slope was investigated in the laboratory. In still water the growth rate of the shoaling bound long waves over the slope is proportional to h^– 5/2 (h is still-water depth). It was found that the opposing current makes the amplitudes of the bound long waves greater than those of still water for all cases. However, the amplitudes of bound long waves in a following current are reduced in the weakly modulated cases but are enhanced in the fully modulated case.  相似文献   

极端气候对平均气候变化的非线性响应及其敏感性试验     

程炳岩  丁裕国  郑春雨  申红艳 《气候与环境研究》2013,18(1):135-144

平均气候与极端气候两者发生的概率具有密切联系.从理论和观测事实两方面证明一地平均气候与其极端气候的对应概率存在着明显的非线性关系.假定气候变量有对称概率分布和非对称概率分布两种状况,从理论上证明,平均气候变化前后所对应的极端气候概率具有非线性变化;通过对若干个代表站及气候场资料的平均值与所对应极值概率计算结果,证明理论符合观测事实.进一步借助于数值试验考察了概率分布模式的各个参数之变化对极端气候概率的影响.根据观测事实的举例,也表明了不同概率分布条件下,基本上都有如此变化规律.  相似文献   

Numerical Analyses of the Influence of Blast-Induced Damaged Rock Around Shallow Tunnels in Brittle Rock   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

David Saiang  Erling Nordlund 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(3):421-448

Most of the railway tunnels in Sweden are shallow-seated (<20 m of rock cover) and are located in hard brittle rock masses. The majority of these tunnels are excavated by drilling and blasting, which, consequently, result in the development of a blast-induced damaged zone around the tunnel boundary. Theoretically, the presence of this zone, with its reduced strength and stiffness, will affect the overall performance of the tunnel, as well as its construction and maintenance. The Swedish Railroad Administration, therefore, uses a set of guidelines based on peak particle velocity models and perimeter blasting to regulate the extent of damage due to blasting. However, the real effects of the damage caused by blasting around a shallow tunnel and their criticality to the overall performance of the tunnel are yet to be quantified and, therefore, remain the subject of research and investigation. This paper presents a numerical parametric study of blast-induced damage in rock. By varying the strength and stiffness of the blast-induced damaged zone and other relevant parameters, the near-field rock mass response was evaluated in terms of the effects on induced boundary stresses and ground deformation. The continuum method of numerical analysis was used. The input parameters, particularly those relating to strength and stiffness, were estimated using a systematic approach related to the fact that, at shallow depths, the stress and geologic conditions may be highly anisotropic. Due to the lack of data on the post-failure characteristics of the rock mass, the traditional Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion was assumed and used. The results clearly indicate that, as expected, the presence of the blast-induced damage zone does affect the behaviour of the boundary stresses and ground deformation. Potential failure types occurring around the tunnel boundary and their mechanisms have also been identified.  相似文献   

基于中尺度模式MM5下的海洋蒸发波导预报研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

焦林  张永刚  《气象学报》2009,67(3):382-387

蒸发波导是发牛在海气边界层的一种异常折射现象,由于其分布范围广、发生概率大,被认为是对海上电子设备影响最为显著的波导类型,成为各国海军竞相研究的焦点.然而由于其形成机制复杂,且在近岸沿海地区由于海陆分布不均,以及海岸地形和海陆风等因素的作用,会造成蒸发波导的近岸效应,这种效应会影响蒸发波导高度诊断的准确率.目前国内外蒸发波导诊断模式有P-J模式、MGB模式、NPS模式、Babin模式等,但其基本原理都足依赖Monin-Obukhov相似理论,只是用于确定近地层通量和特征尺度的方法不同,且仅适用于定常和水平均匀的开阔海域,并没有考虑到蒸发波导的近岸效应.针对这一问题,文中在Babin模式的基础上引入张强、胡隐樵的通量廓线关系(非线性修正冈子αν)与阵性风速ωg,从而将蒸发波导诊断模式的适用范围扩展到近岸沿海地区和甚低风速条件下.此外在中尺度模式MM5的基础上,耦合改进的Babin模式,发展建立了一个海洋蒸发波导高度预报模式,并对预报模式进行数值模拟,利用2002年5月25-26日福建平潭岛的海上大气实测数据与雷达探测结果对预报模式输出结果进行了验证.验证结果表明:在0～48小时内模式输出值与实测值拟和较好且变化规律一致,预报蒸发波导高度平均误差为0.193;且蒸发波导高度预报结果与雷达实际探测结果一致.  相似文献