海水硅酸盐现场自动监测技术化学工艺优化研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

袁钟才  杜军兰  邹常胜  夏冬 《海洋技术学报》2003,22(3):34-36,62

阐述了硅酸盐测量时试剂的不稳定性，介绍了还原剂配出时间与吸光值之间的关系、化学反应时间的确定及温度对化学反应的影响和盐度效应问题，给出了硅酸盐现场自动化学分析工艺优化流程图。  相似文献   

孔雀石绿的代谢机理及生物毒性研究进展   总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30  

翟毓秀  郭莹莹  耿霞  张翠  宁劲松 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(1):27-32

孔雀石绿(Malachite green,MG)是1种三苯甲烷类工业染料,曾广泛用于治疗水产动物的水霉病、烂鳃病、寄生虫病等,但由于具有高毒、高残留、“三致”等毒性性质,许多国家禁止其在经济鱼类(观赏鱼除外)的养殖过程中使用,成为药物残留监控的主要内容之一。本文对孔雀石绿的化学性质、代谢规律及机理、生物毒性等研究现状进行了综述,旨在为药残的监控工作提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Simulation of upper-ocean biogeochemistry with a flexible-composition phytoplankton model: C, N and Si cycling in the western Sargasso Sea     

Mathieu Mongin  David M. Nelson  Philippe Pondaven  Mark A. Brzezinski  Paul Trguer 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(12):1445-1480

We report the first application of a biogeochemical model in which the major elemental composition of the phytoplankton is flexible, and responds to changing light and nutrient conditions. The model includes two phytoplankton groups: diatoms and non-siliceous picoplankton. Both fix C in accordance with photosynthesis-irradiance relationships used in other models and take up NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ (and Si(OH)₄ for diatoms) following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The model allows for light dependence of photosynthesis and NO₃⁻ uptake, and for the observed near-total light independence of NH₄⁺ uptake and Si(OH)₄ uptake. It tracks the resulting C/N ratios of both phytoplankton groups and Si/N ratio of diatoms, and permits uptake of C, N and Si to proceed independently of one another when those ratios are close to those of nutrient-replete phytoplankton. When the C/N or Si/N ratio of either phytoplankton group indicates that its growth is limited by N, Si or light, uptake of non-limiting elements is controlled by the content of the limiting element in accordance with the cell-quota formulation of Droop (J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K 54 (1974) 825).We applied this model to the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the western Sargasso Sea. The model was tuned to produce vertical profiles and time courses of [NO₃⁻], [NH₄⁺] and [Si(OH)₄] that are consistent with the data, by adjusting the kinetic parameters for N and Si uptake and the rate of nitrification. The model then reproduces the observed time courses of chlorophyll-a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, biogenic silica, primary productivity, biogenic silica production and POC export with no further tuning. Simulated C/N and Si/N ratios of the phytoplankton indicate that N is the main growth-limiting nutrient throughout the thermally stratified period and that [Si(OH)₄], although always limiting to the rate of Si uptake by diatoms, seldom limits their growth rate. The model requires significant nitrification in the upper 200 m to yield realistic time courses and vertical profiles of [NH₄⁺] and [NO₃⁻], suggesting that NO₃⁻ is not supplied to the upper water column entirely by physical processes. A nitrification-corrected f-ratio (f_NC), calculated for the upper 200 m as: (NO₃⁻ uptake—nitrification)/(NO₃⁻ uptake+NH₄⁺ uptake) has annual values ranging from only 0.05–0.09, implying that 90–95% of the N taken up annually by phytoplankton is supplied by biological regeneration (including nitrification) in the upper 200 m. Reported discrepancies between estimates of organic C export based on seasonal chemical changes and POC export measured at the BATS site can be almost completely resolved if there is significant regeneration of NO₃⁻ via organic-matter decomposition in the upper 200 m.  相似文献   

海洋碎屑小生境形成演化过程中营养盐特殊迁移过程及脱氢酶活性的变化          下载免费PDF全文

王琰  曹文达 《海洋与湖沼》1993,24(4):360-366

研究了海洋碎屑小生境形成、演化过程中营养盐特殊迁移过程和脱氢酶活性的变化。结果表明,在充氧水体中同时存在硝化和反硝化过程,并有高浓度No(?)富集。脱氢酶活性在实验第4天达到最高值,在第96天和192天出现波动。碎屑聚集体表面不但有微生物群落的演替,而且存在物理化学微环境的连续变化;当碎屑表面O_2被消耗而出现氧化还原电位梯度时,电子最终受体出现更替,非平衡过程发生改变,为适应这种改变,微生物群落重新调节新陈代谢,在分叉点附近,脱氢酶活性增大。  相似文献   

海洋无脊椎动物体内能量物质--磷酸精氨酸的研究进展     

肖涛  王维娜 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,(2):96-103

磷酸精氨酸是无脊椎动物体内一种重要的磷酸原,它能够给机体提供一个ATP的缓冲库,从而保证机体的能量供应处于平衡状态,并进而提高机体的抗应激能力。本文综述了无脊椎动物体内磷酸精氨酸的功能、其含量在应激状态下的变化、在运动中的作用以及动物体内的磷酸精氨酸含量等的研究进展。  相似文献   

好氧反硝化反应器中微生物群落的碳代谢特征     

江玉立  黄志涛  宋协法  陈钊 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(2):331-339

本文采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术,分析了不同水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)5、6、7h和进水硝酸盐(NO3ˉ-N)浓度50、100、150mg/L时,好氧反硝化反应器微生物群落结构和代谢功能特征。研究结果表明:在同一进水硝酸盐浓度下,水力停留时间越长,微生物代谢活性越强(P0.05);在同一水力停留时间下,不同进水NO3ˉ-N浓度下微生物平均吸光值(用平均颜色变化率AWCD指示)的大小顺序为50150100mg/L(P0.05),说明进水NO3ˉ-N浓度对微生物代谢活性有一定影响。反应器内微生物对不同碳源的代谢利用由强到弱的顺序是:多聚物氨基类碳水化合物羧酸类胺类酚酸类。不同处理组的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数、Mc Intosh指数相互之间差异显著(P0.05),其中HRT为7h、NO3ˉ-N为150mg/L以上处理组微生物多样性指数最高。本实验采用Biolog-ECO板来分析在好氧反硝化反应器中微生物的群落代谢特征,研究结果可为通过碳源调节生物滤池水处理效果提供科学依据,以此提高水处理效率。  相似文献   

杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的代谢率及排泄率比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

颜付云  徐善良  谷江稳  陈宣雄  吕慧明  贾超艳 《台湾海峡》2010,29(4):496-502

杂交鲷是以真鲷为母本,黑鲷为父本的杂交F1代品种,为了比较杂交鲷与黑鲷的代谢特征,采用静水密闭式呼吸仪测定了13、18、23、28、33℃（32℃）5个温度下杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的代谢率及排泄率.结果表明：13~28℃温度下,杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的代谢率、排泄率均随温度的升高而升高,28℃时杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的代谢率、排泄率分别为14.22±0.95、0.39±0.02 J/（g.h）和17.47±0.14、0.43±0.02 J/（.gh）,分别是其13℃时的5.69、4.05倍和4.01、3.73倍;且各温度下黑鲷的代谢率始终高于杂交鲷,前者是后者的1.23~1.73倍;杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼分别在32℃和33℃时代谢率比28℃下跌了22.23%和3.83%,证明该温度已分别超出了这2种幼鱼的最高适温;杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼28℃时的窒息点溶解氧含量分别为1.94、1.40 mg/dm3,低于真鲷21℃时的窒息点溶解氧含量（2.30 mg/dm3）;O∶N原子比值结果显示,28℃时蛋白质供能比最低,生长积累速度最快,是2种幼鱼的最适温度.综合分析认为,杂交鲷幼鱼具有代谢率显著低于亲本的优点,也继承了父本耐低温的特点,但同时失去了亲本耐高温、耐低氧的特点,并出现了应激反应大等不良性状.  相似文献   

红海湾水质营养状况及其频率分析     

《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(3)

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EFFECTS OF RATION, TEMPERATURE AND BODY WEIGHT ON METABOLISM IN YOUNG BLACK PORGY     

李军  马道远  肖志忠 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1999,17(1):62-69

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｉｎｆｉｓｈｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＳ)ｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＲ),ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｃｔｉｏｎ(ＳＤＡ)ａｎｄａｃｔｉｖｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＡ),ｒｅｌａｔｅｄａｓ:　　ＲＴ=ＲＳ ＲＲ ＳＤＡ ＲＡｗｈｅｒｅＲＳｉｓｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｓｈａｔｒｅｓｔ;ＲＲｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｆｉｓｈ;ＳＤＡｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈ…  相似文献   

Seasonal observations of surface waters in two Gulf of Maine estuary-plume systems: Relationships between watershed attributes,optical measurements and surface pCO₂     

Joseph E. Salisbury  Douglas Vandemark  Christopher W. Hunt  Janet W. Campbell  Wade R. McGillis  William H. McDowell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂) in estuary-plume systems is related to the internal processes of net organic metabolism and physical mixing, but is also strongly influenced by biogeochemical inputs from the land and ocean. Surface layer pCO₂, stimulated fluorescence of chlorophyll (f-chl) and colored organic matter (f-com), and beam attenuation at 660 nm (c-660) were measured during three seasonal surveys of the Kennebec (ME) and Merrimack (MA) estuary-plume systems. These estuaries are both supplied by large New England Rivers and separated by less than 150 km, but significant differences were often observed in the distributions of surface pCO₂ and optical variables. High pCO₂ concentrations were generally associated with high f-com, while lower pCO₂ concentrations were associated with high f-chl and c-660. Using simple regression models, optical measurements were used to estimate chlorophyll and total organic carbon concentrations. Results suggest that labile riverine carbon is responsible for sustaining supersaturated pCO₂ conditions and that phytoplankton productivity, likely driven by inputs of riverine dissolved inorganic nitrogen, is responsible for pCO₂ undersaturation. Although optical variables are often related to surface pCO₂, the results suggest that efforts to retrieve pCO₂ in complex waters using optical data may be enhanced using a site-specific, multivariate approach.  相似文献