频率-波数域递推计算海底多分量地震记录中的反射系数   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

顾汉明  王家映  朱光明 《地球物理学报》2002,45(2):255-262

在频率-波数域中采用解析法,解出多层条件下海底实测的多分量地震数据分解成上行和下行P波和S波的算法,导出海底各层地震反射系数随入射角变化(简称RVA)的递推计算公式,为海底多波多分量AVO弹性参数的反演及流体因子预测提供基础数据.合成数据的计算结果表明,本文给出的算法能较可靠地从海底多波多分量记录中提取RVA信息.  相似文献   

Subduction of the Woodlark Basin at New Britain Trench, Solomon Islands region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shinji Yoneshima  Kimihiro Mochizuki  Eiichiro Araki  Ryota Hino  Masanao Shinohara  Kiyoshi Suyehiro 《Tectonophysics》2005,397(3-4):225-239

The Woodlark Basin, located south of the Solomon Islands arc region, is a young (5 Ma) oceanic basin that subducts beneath the New Britain Trench. This region is one of only a few subduction zones in the world where it is possible to study a young plate subduction of several Ma. To obtain the image of the subducting slab at the western side of the Woodlark Basin, a 40-day Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) survey was conducted in 1998 to detect the micro-seismic activity. It was the first time such a survey had been performed in this location and over 600 hypocenters were located. The seismic activity is concentrated at the 10–60 km depth range along the plate boundary. The upper limit just about coincides with the leading edge of the accretionary wedge. The upper limit boundary was identified as the up-dip limit of the seismogenic zone, whereas the down-dip limit of the seismogenic zone was difficult to define. The dip angle of the plate at the high seismicity zone was found to average about 30°. Using the Cascadia subduction zone for comparison, which is a typical example of a young plate subduction, suggests that the subduction of the Woodlark Basin was differentiated by a high dip angle and rather landward location of the seismic front from the trench axis (30 km landward from the trench axis). Furthermore, as pointed out by previous researchers, the convergent margin of the Solomon Islands region is imposed with a high stress state, probably due to the collision of the Ontong Java Plateau and a rather rapid convergence rate (10 cm/year). The results of the high angle plate subduction and inner crust earthquakes beneath the Shortland Basin strongly support the high stress state. The collision of the Ontong Java Plateau, the relatively rapid convergence rate, and moderately cold slab as evidenced by low heat flow, rather than the plate age, may be dominantly responsible for the geometry of the seismogenic zone in the western part of the Woodlark Basin subduction zone.  相似文献   

Structural characteristics off Miyagi forearc region, the Japan Trench seismogenic zone, deduced from a wide-angle reflection and refraction study   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Seiichi Miura  Narumi Takahashi  Ayako Nakanishi  Tetsuro Tsuru  Shuichi Kodaira  Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Tectonophysics》2005,407(3-4):165-188

The Japan Trench subduction zone, located east of NE Japan, has regional variation in seismicity. Many large earthquakes occurred in the northern part of Japan Trench, but few in the southern part. Off Miyagi region is in the middle of the Japan Trench, where the large earthquakes (M > 7) with thrust mechanisms have occurred at an interval of about 40 years in two parts: inner trench slope and near land. A seismic experiment using 36 ocean bottom seismographs (OBS) and a 12,000 cu. in. airgun array was conducted to determine a detailed, 2D velocity structure in the forearc region off Miyagi. The depth to the Moho is 21 km, at 115 km from the trench axis, and becomes progressively deeper landward. The P-wave velocity of the mantle wedge is 7.9–8.1 km/s, which is typical velocity for uppermost mantle without large serpentinization. The dip angle of oceanic crust is increased from 5–6° near the trench axis to 23° 150 km landward from the trench axis. The P-wave velocity of the oceanic uppermost mantle is as small as 7.7 km/s. This low-velocity oceanic mantle seems to be caused by not a lateral anisotropy but some subduction process. By comparison with the seismicity off Miyagi, the subduction zone can be divided into four parts: 1) Seaward of the trench axis, the seismicity is low and normal fault-type earthquakes occur associated with the destruction of oceanic lithosphere. 2) Beneath the deformed zone landward of the trench axis, the plate boundary is characterized as a stable sliding fault plain. In case of earthquakes, this zone may be tsunamigenic. 3) Below forearc crust where P-wave velocity is almost 6 km/s and larger: this zone is the seismogenic zone below inner trench slope, which is a plate boundary between the forearc and oceanic crusts. 4) Below mantle wedge: the rupture zones of thrust large earthquakes near land (e.g. 1978 off Miyagi earthquake) are located beneath the mantle wedge. The depth of the rupture zones is 30–50 km below sea level. From the comparison, the rupture zones of large earthquakes off Miyagi are limited in two parts: plate boundary between the forearc and oceanic crusts and below mantle wedge. This limitation is a rare case for subduction zone. Although the seismogenic process beneath the mantle wedge is not fully clarified, our observation suggests the two possibilities: earthquake generation at the plate boundary overridden by the mantle wedge without serpentinization or that in the subducting slab.  相似文献   

Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

Tan K. Wang  Ming-Kai Chen  Chao-Shing Lee  Kanyuan Xia 《Tectonophysics》2006,412(3-4):237-254

Crustal structure across the passive continental margin of the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) is presented based on a deep seismic survey cooperated between Taiwan and China in August 2001. Reflection data collected from a 48-hydrophone streamer and the vertical component of refraction/reflection data recorded at 11 ocean-bottom seismometers along a NW–SE profile are integrated to image the upper (1.6–2.4 km/s), lower (2.5–2.9 km/s), and compacted (3–4.5 km/s) sediment, the upper (4.5–5.5 km/s), middle (5.5–6.5 km/s) and lower (6.5–7.5 km/s) crystalline crust successively. The velocity model shows that the thickness (0.5–3 km) and the basement of the compacted sediment are strongly varied due to intrusion of the magma and igneous rocks after seafloor spreading of the SCS. Furthermore, several volcanoes and igneous rocks in the upper/middle crust (7–10 km thick) and a high velocity layer (0–5 km thick) in the lower crust of the model are identified as the ocean–continent transition (OCT) below the lower slope in the northeastern margin of the SCS. A thin continent NW of the OCT and a thick oceanic crust SE of the OCT in the continental margin of the northeastern SCS are also imaged, but these transitional crusts cannot be classified as the OCT due to their crustal thickness and the limited amount of the volcano, the magma and the high velocity layer. The extended continent, next to the gravity low and a sag zone extended from the SW Taiwan Basin, may have resulted from subduction of the Eurasian Plate beneath the Manila Trench whereas the thick oceanic crust may have been due to the excess volcanism and the late magmatic underplating in the oceanic crust after seafloor spreading of the SCS.  相似文献   

Estimation of Sediment Transport with An in-situ Acoustic Retrieval Algorithm in the High-Turbidity Changjiang Estuary, China     

葛建忠  丁平兴  李铖  范中亚  沈芳  孔亚珍 《海洋工程》2015,29(6):903-915

A comprehensive acoustic retrieval algorithm to investigate suspended sediment is presented with the combined validations of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and Optical Backscattering Sensor (OBS) monitoring along seven cross-channel sections in the high-turbidity North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary, China. The realistic water conditions, horizontal and vertical salinities, and grain size of the suspended sediment are considered in the retrieval algorithm. Relations between net volume scattering of sound attenuation (Sv) due to sediments and ADCP echo intensity (E) were obtained with reasonable accuracy after applying the linear regression method. In the river mouth, an intensive vertical stratification and horizontal inhomogeneity were found, with a higher concentration of sediment in the North Passage and a lower concentration in the North Channel and South Passage. Additionally, The North Passage is characterized by higher sediment concentration in the middle region and lower concentration in the entrance and outlet areas. The maximum sediment flux rate, occurred in the middle region, could reach 6.3×105 and 1.5×105 t/h during the spring and neap tide, respectively. Retrieved sediment fluxes in the middle region are significantly larger than that in the upstream and downstream region. This strong sediment imbalance along the main channel indicates potential secondary sediment supply from southern Jiuduansha Shoals.  相似文献   

南冲绳海槽海域微震活动的初步探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈佐林  孙效功  楼清元中国科学院海洋研究所 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(Z3)

通过解析在南冲绳海槽海域投放的海底地震仪（ＯＢＳ）记录到的天然地震资料，得到近垂直海槽走向的微震震中分布．根据震中分布与海底地形、地质构造的对比，提出：南冲绳海槽海域的微震活动频繁且多数集中于海槽轴部的地堑和琉球岛弧中部．  相似文献   

南海中北部地壳深部结构探测新进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吴振利  阮爱国  李家彪  丁巍伟  李湘云  丘学林  赵明辉  郭兴伟 《华南地震》2008,28(1):21-28

2006年8～10月间．国家海洋局第二海洋研究所使用德国SEDIS型三分量海底地震仪以气枪为震源在南海中北部开展了广角地震反射／折射勘测．这是我国大陆科研单位第一次自主开展长距离多剖面的海底地震仪人工地震探测。勘测线共三条。总长达1176．8km．工区最大水深4137m．共投放48台次,回收成功率95-8％。所获得的数据质量良好,深部信息丰富．可直观地分辨出照、Pn、PmP等震相,为南海中北部深部地壳结构、洋壳与陆壳分界和西北、西南次海盆的形成演化研究提供了重要的依据。  相似文献   

基于稀疏表达的OBS去噪方法          下载免费PDF全文

南方舟  徐亚  刘伟  刘丽华  郝天珧  游庆瑜 《地球物理学报》2018,61(4):1519-1528

海底地震仪（OBS）采集数据的去噪处理是开展OBS震相分析及后续处理反演的基础.本文结合曲波（Curvelet）变换及压缩感知提出一种稀疏化表达的OBS去噪方法,并通过与小波变化对比等探讨去噪效果.曲波变换具有抛物尺度及识别线性异常的优点,可以稀疏地表示OBS数据,再结合压缩感知思想对稀疏表达OBS数据进行去噪处理和重构.通过对变换后的系数进行基于L₁范数的冷却阈值迭代滤波,获得最优的变换系数,本文指出基于曲波变换的冷却阈值迭代法能够很好地对OBS数据去噪.对比小波和曲波两种变换在相同迭代次数下对理论模型数据进行去噪处理,表明曲波变换得到的结果信噪比更高.利用本文方法对渤海地区采集的OBS数据进行去噪处理获得了更加清晰连续的震相,噪声压制效果更明显,为震相拾取及后续速度模型反演奠定了良好的基础.  相似文献   

国产OBS的时间矫正方法——以2019年台湾海峡地壳结构海陆探测实验为例     

金震  郭晓然  陈方颖 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(3):42-48

时间服务系统对利用走时层析成像方法进行地下介质速度结构反演至关重要。海底地震仪(ocean bottom seismometer, OBS)工作期间由于没有GPS时间接入, 其时间误差(包括守时误差和授时误差)主要来源于内部石英晶振的准确程度, 受到外部环境变化以及开关机等因素影响。长期实践发现, 部分国产OBS在记录气枪信号以及天然地震信号时存在较大的时间偏差。本文对2019年福建及台湾海峡地壳结构海陆探测实验所获得的53台次国产OBS记录进行了时间服务系统矫正。其中, 针对OBS授时误差, 利用出海前不中断采集的一致性试验和运输船运输过程中产生的晃动互相关进行时间矫正; 针对守时误差, 采用计算实际采样频率与理论采样频率偏差进行矫正; 通过对比矫正前后OBS记录到的天然地震信号, 进行秒级别的检测。结果表明, 经过以上步骤矫正的OBS数据, 其时间记录的准确性得到了显著提高, 从而降低了震相识别、走时拾取的时间误差, 为标准化国产OBS数据采集作业流程提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

南沙地块OBS2019-2测线数据处理与震相识别*     

郭建  丘学林  李子正  黄海波 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(5):43-56

为揭示南海南部陆缘的地壳结构, 研究其张裂-破裂机制, 开展共轭陆缘对比, 我们在南沙地块礼乐西海槽附近的洋陆转换带上完成了OBS2019-2测线的探测工作。相较于北部陆缘, 南部陆缘已有的海底地震仪(ocean bottom seismometer, OBS)测线较少, 对深部地壳结构的研究也较少, 因此OBS2019-2测线就尤为重要。文章重点阐述了OBS2019-2测线的数据处理工作, 包括UKOOA文件制作、数据格式转换、位置校正、单个台站综合地震记录剖面的生成等, 然后在剖面图中对各类深部震相(Pg、PcP、PmP、Pn)进行识别追踪, 并建立初步的模型; 使用Rayinvr软件进行走时试算工作, 验证了震相识别的准确性。处理结果显示OBS2019-2测线的深部震相清晰, 最远震相可以连续追踪到120km以外, 数据整体质量良好, 能为后续速度建模和构造解释等工作提供坚实基础。  相似文献