三维拓扑关系的基本问题和研究进展     

贺鸿愿  周晓光 《地理信息世界》2014,(3):9-17

三维拓扑关系是三维空间关系中最重要的空间关系,是三维空间数据表达、查询、分析与应用的理论基础,是目前拓扑关系研究的热点。本文从三维空间实体的定义和描述、三维拓扑关系描述、表达与应用等方面回顾了国内外学术界所取得的研究进展,同时分析了存在的一些基本问题。  相似文献   

Examination of Microphysical Relationships and Corresponding Microphysical Processes in Warm Fogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LU Chunsong  LIU Yangang  NIU Shengjie  ZHAO Lijuan  YU Huaying  CHENG Muning 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(6):832-848

In this paper, the microphysical relationships of 8 dense fog events collected from a comprehensive fog observation campaign carried out at Pancheng（32.2 N, 118.7 E） in the Nanjing area, China in the winter of 2007 are investigated. Positive correlations are found among key microphysical properties（cloud droplet number concentration, droplet size, spectral standard deviation, and liquid water content） in each case, suggesting that the dominant processes in these fog events are likely droplet nucleation with subsequent condensational growth and/or droplet deactivation via complete evaporation of some droplets. The abrupt broadening of the fog droplet spectra indicates the occurrence of the collision-coalescence processes as well, although not dominating. The combined efects of the dominant processes and collision-coalescence on microphysical relationships are further analyzed by dividing the dataset according to visibility or autoconversion threshold in each case. The result shows that the specific relationships of number concentration to volume-mean radius and spectral standard deviation depend on the competition between the compensation of small droplets due to nucleation-condensation and the loss of small droplets due to collision-coalescence. Generally, positive correlations are found for diferent visibility or autoconversion threshold ranges in most cases, although negative correlations sometimes appear with lower visibility or larger autoconversion threshold. Therefore, the compensation of small droplets is generally stronger than the loss, which is likely related to the sufcient fog condensation nuclei in this polluted area.  相似文献   

Salt tectonics vs. inversion tectonics: The anticlines of the western Maestrazgo revisited (eastern Iberian Chain,Spain)     

Carlos L. Liesa  Antonio M. Casas-Sainz  Marcos Aurell  José L. Simón  Ana R. Soria 《Basin Research》2023,35(1):295-335

Many works in the last decades underline the role of evaporites, not just as a conditioning factor but as the engine for subsidence and eventually basin inversion. The western Mediterranean alpine ranges are being investigated in this regard because of the presence of discontinuous units of Permian to Triassic evaporites, deposited in the western Tethys basins. This work presents a thorough analysis of two particular structures (Cañada Vellida and Miravete anticlines) in the intraplate Maestrazgo basin (eastern Iberian Chain, Spain) in which evidence to support their reinterpretation as salt-driven structures have been recently reported. Our analysis includes (i) a comprehensive stratigraphic and structural study of the folds along their entire trace, (ii) the compilation of thickness and distribution of evaporite–bearing and supraevaporite units, paying special attention to changes in the thickness of units in relation to anticlines, and (iii) the study of fault patterns, sometimes in relation to the mechanical stratigraphy. All three aspects are also documented and discussed on a regional scale. The new data and interpretations reported here reinforce the extensional origin of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous basins, and the role of regional extensional tectonics as the responsible for the development of first-order syn-sedimentary normal fault zones driving the formation and evolution of sub-basins. These basins were subsequently inverted and deformed, including the formation of complex, box-geometry anticlines that, in their turn, controlled deposition in Cenozoic basins. The review of the arguments that support the alternative of salt tectonics for the origin of such anticlines has allowed us to delve into the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the inverted extensional basins and to propose a specific model for the development of these faulted anticlines. The role of salt levels and other interlayered detachments in the structuring of sedimentary basins and their inversion is also pondered. The observations in the eastern Iberian Chain reported here have implications to assess ongoing reinterpretations in terms of salt tectonics in other alpine basins and ranges of the western Mediterranean.  相似文献   

宁夏区域震源参数特征研究     

张锦玲  朱新运  马起杨  金春华 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(8):808-812

利用宁夏区域数字地震台网记录的发生于宁夏区域2008～2014年210个ML2.0～4.9地震波资料,采用Brune模式,将台站获取的速度记录进行几何扩散校正、介质衰减校正及仪器校正,对速度谱在频率域积分得到震源位移谱,使用遗传算法计算拐角频率及零频极限,进而计算震源半径、地震矩等小震震源参数,并系统分析各参数特征及其相互关系。结果显示,地震矩范围为1011～1015 N·m,震源破裂半径为60～766 m,拐角频率为1.6～22.2 Hz,地震应力降范围为0.01～7.63 MPa,视应力范围为0.01～3.11 MPa,地震矩、拐角频率、矩震级及里氏震级等震源参数之间表现出一定的对数线性或半对数线性关系。  相似文献   

沉水植物苦草根系功能性状对基质类型和种植密度的响应及其与个体表现关系     

陈俊格  陈矿  王和云  易春龙  高健  文冬华  张润龙 《湖泊科学》2024,36(1):247-260

根系功能性状体现了植物细根的生长状况及其对外部环境的适应性,然而根系功能性状响应环境变化的时间稳定性如何仍不清楚。苦草(Vallisneria natans)是水体沉水植被修复的先锋种类,细根在其种群重建初期起着重要作用。该研究设计了草垫、草垫+沙子、草垫+黄泥及草垫+底泥4种生长基质和100株/m²以及200株/m²两种种植密度并将其两两组合,以模拟自然生境不同的基质和密度情况,并在不同时期对苦草功能性状指标进行取样测定,通过重复测量二元方差分析研究基质和密度对根系功能指标的影响,并通过线性拟合模型探讨个体水平的生长表现(生物量分配、营养吸收、个体定植)与具体的根系功能性状之间的关系对环境变化的响应。结果表明:所有测量指标均受到基质条件的显著影响,部分根系功能性状指标如根冠比(RSR)、根干重、比根长(SRL)、根比表面积(SRA)、根组织密度(RTD)、根系锚定力和根体积受密度的影响显著。苦草生物量的分配主要受基质条件的影响,对营养的吸收、运输及根系固着能力受基质和密度的共同影响。线性拟合模型表明SRA、RTD、根直径、根表面积以及根体积在个体水平上能一定程度地预测RSR对环境变化的响应,且RTD的预测效果最好;根冠比、SRA、生根数、总根长、根表面积以及根体积在个体水平上能一定程度地预测SRL对环境变化的响应,其中生根数的预测效果最好;SRA、根直径、根表面积以及根体积在个体水平上能一定程度地预测根系锚定力对环境变化的响应,并且SRA的预测效果最好。但是基质和密度在不同时期对苦草根系功能性状的影响方向会发生改变,当用根系功能性状预测植物个体表现时,需要考虑种群重建所处的时期。  相似文献   

基于信息论方法分析我国典型地震动衰减关系          下载免费PDF全文

胡进军  孙健 《世界地震工程》2018,34(2):065-70

近年来我国强震数据逐渐增多,为了比较和分析我国的几个典型地震动衰减关系,采用一种信息论方法,基于实际地震动记录,计算选取的地震动衰减关系模型的对数似然函数值,通过对数似然函数值对模型进行排序,并给出相应的权重及排名,分析了不同衰减关系对地震动的预测能力。研究表明:针对于我国西部强震数据,基于强震动记录建立的衰减关系的预测结果更接近于实测地震动数据。研究结果可为地震动记录信息不完善或缺乏强震数据地区的地震动衰减关系选取提供参考。  相似文献   

CHOICE OF SAMPLING STRATEGY AND ESTIMATION METHOD FOR CALCULATING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT IN SMALL LOWLAND STREAMS     

B. KRONVANG  A. J. BRUHN 《水文研究》1996,10(11):1483-1501

As reliable estimates of stream nutrient transport are required for many purposes including trend analysis, mass balances and model development, the impact of sampling strategy and estimation method on the bias and precision of stream nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transport calculations was evaluated. The study was undertaken in two catchments in eastern Denmark. Selection of the most accurate sampling strategy and estimation method, i.e. with the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) was based on random (Monte Carlo) runs for generating replicate data sets from an essentially complete record of the concentration of total N (TN), total P (TP), particulate P (PP) and dissolved P (DP) during a two-year period (June 1987 to June 1989). The evaluation comprised 13 different estimation methods and seven discrete sampling strategies involving three categories (regular, stratified and strata sampling). The regular sampling strategies were more accurate (lower RMSE) during high-flow periods than stratified sampling. The greatest improvement in RMSE for TN, TP, PP and DP transport was obtained when increasing the sampling frequency from 12 each year (monthly) to 18 (monthly in summer and fortnightly in winter) and 26 each year (fortnightly). The increase in accuracy (RMSE) was less when increasing the sampling frequency to 52 (weekly) or 104 (biweekly). Nearly all the methods evaluated underestimated the annual transport of TP and PP, whereas TN and DP were both under- and overestimated. The best method of estimating N and P transport when utilizing discrete sampling was both site- and time-dependent. The overall best and most reproducible (stream to stream, year to year) method for estimating annual transport of TN, TP, PP and DP was a linear interpolation method. When this method was used to derive estimates of annual TN and TP transport based on fortnightly sampling, the RMSE was 1.4–5.4 and 20.2–38.5%, respectively, in the Gelbæk stream and 1.1–4.9 and 10.5–15.0%, respectively, in the Gjern Å stream. Subdividing the hydrograph into two strata (low-flow and high-flow periods) and sampling these strata separately for calculating TP transport was superior to discrete sampling for the smaller of the two catchments. A combination of regular sampling (monthly) and pooled high-flow sampling (eight events out of a total of 43) reduced the RMSE of the annual TP load to 10.4%.  相似文献   

THE EFFECTIVE STRESS PRINCIPLE: INCREMENTAL OR FINITE FORM?     

BERNHARD A. SCHREFLER  DARIUSZ GAWIN 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1996,20(11):785-814

Different expressions of the effective stress principle can be found in the literature, in particular some are written in finite form and others in incremental form. For the purpose of the paper we take for granted that stress–strain relationships exist or can be obtained for the effective stress coming from both formulations. We investigate the consequences of the choice of particular finite or differential forms when they are introduced in a weak form of the linear momentum balance equation of two- of three-phase porous media for its numerical solution. For partially saturated geomaterials the importance of the capillary pressure–saturation relationship is pointed out.  相似文献   

关系视角下台湾高山茶产业在大陆的嵌入过程及机理     

李锋  韦素琼  游小珺 《热带地理》2020,40(6):1026-1038

基于新经济地理学的嵌入性理论和关系经济地理学理论,以永福镇台资高山茶产业为例,采用实地调研和深度访谈法,通过构建关系视角下的产业嵌入性分析框架,分析台湾高山茶产业在大陆的嵌入过程及机理,结果显示：1）永福镇台资高山茶企业的嵌入是一个渐进的过程,可分为社会嵌入、网络嵌入和地域嵌入3个方面。2）行动者—制度、行动者网络—组织间网络、地方—全球三重关系交织于永福镇台资高山茶企业的嵌入过程中,并深刻地影响着企业的嵌入过程与结果。此外,研究还发现：地方政府及中介机构在促进企业发展和网络重组等方面发挥着重要作用。对此,建议地方政府重视本土配套企业的培育与成长,同时应进一步鼓励企业间的交流,促进网络融合,不断提升台资高山茶企业的“嵌入”程度。  相似文献   

Prediction of load-displacement performance of grouted anchors in weathered granites using FastICA-MARS as a novel model     

Hao Shen  Jinhui Li  Sixin Wang  Zewei Xie 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(1):415-423

With the rising needs of better prediction of the load-displacement performance of grouted anchors in an era of developing large-scale underground infrastructures,the existing methods in literature lack an accurate analytical model for the real-life projects or rigorous understanding of the parameters such as grouting pressures.This paper proposes Fast ICA-MARS as a novel data-driven approach for the prediction of the load-displacement performance of uplift-resisting grouted anchors.The hybrid and data-driven Fast ICA-MARS approach integrates the multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS)technique with the Fast ICA algorithm which is for Independent Component Analysis(ICA).A database of 4315 observations for 479 different anchors from 7 different projects is established.The database is then used to train,validate and compare the Fast ICA-MARS approach with the classical MARS approach.The developed Fast ICA-MARS model can provide more accurate predictions than MARS.Moreover,the developed Fast ICA-MARS model is easy to interpret since the evaluation of the parameter importance of the independent components can be conducted along with the considerations of the correlations with the original variables.It is noteworthy to point out that the grouting pressures play a central role in the proposed model,which is considered of paramount importance in engineering practices but has not been properly taken into account in any prior analytical or empirical predictive models for the load-displacement relationships.  相似文献