济阳坳陷古近纪的古气候区分析     

王冠民  林国松 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(5):505-509

古气候分区是古湖泊学研究的一个重要方面,对古湖泊生产力和有机质的保存有重要影响.本文尝试利用孢粉、沉积地球化学、沉积学等手段,根据不同气候带冷热干湿组合和碳酸盐矿物δ18O与古气候干湿对应关系,结合古风向,来恢复济阳坳陷古近纪的古气候分区.分析结果表明济阳坳陷在沙河街组沉积时孢粉组合表现出温暖与湿润、寒冷与干燥同步,碳酸盐矿物δ18O增高与古气候干旱同步的规律,东营组孢粉组合则表现为寒冷与湿润同步,碳酸盐矿物δ18O增高与古气候湿润同步的规律.这些特征揭示出,在沙河街组沉积时期,济阳坳陷主要处于东亚季风气候区;在东营组沉积期,济阳坳陷则更多地处于西风带的控制下.此外,古近系碳酸盐礁滩、碎屑浅滩的沉积规律也表明,济阳坳陷在沙四上-沙一段沉积时期盛行东亚季风.湖相优质烃源岩主要发育于季风气候带中由干冷向暖湿过渡的时期.  相似文献   

Non-linear connections between dune activity and climate in the High Plains, Kansas and Oklahoma, USA     

Corey M. Werner  Joseph A. Mason 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(1):267-277

Discrete dune fields are found throughout much of the Great Plains of North America, and the timing of past dune activity is often used as a proxy for paleoclimate because of the intuitive link between dune activity and a more arid climate. This research suggests that feedbacks in the soil-geomorphic system create a relationship between dune activity and climate that varies both spatially and temporally. Older eolian landforms are more resistant to activation because of the long-term accumulation of finer soil particles in a Bt horizon which retain moisture and anchor the deposit even during more arid times. Conversely, younger deposits lack these fines and are more easily reactivated. This spatially variable relationship is supported by soil stratigraphy, particle size analysis, and optical age control. Additionally, the water retention of the Bt horizons is quantifiably greater than that of the soils found in the younger dunes of the area. This complication in the relationship between eolian activity and climate is important because it suggests that caution is needed when using past dune activity as the lone proxy for paleoclimate.  相似文献   

湖泊沉积物Rb/Sr比值在古气候/古环境研究中的应用与展望   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

曾艳  陈敬安  朱正杰  李键 《地球科学进展》2011,26(8):805-810

Rb和Sr在赋存矿物和表生地球化学行为等方面存在显著差异,因而各种记录体中的Rb/Sr比值被广泛应用于古气候/古环境研究。湖泊沉积物中的Rb、Sr主要包括2部分来源：一是流域物理侵蚀直接带来的陆源碎屑组分,在沉积物中多以残渣态（碎屑矿物）形式存在;二是流域化学风化带来的溶解态物质,在湖泊水体中通过物理吸附、化学沉淀和生...  相似文献   

Holocene paleoclimatic variation in the Schirmacher Oasis,East Antarctica: A mineral magnetic approach     

《Polar Science》2014,8(4):357-369

An analysis of remanent magnetism and radiocarbon ages in the dry lacustrine/sediment fills of the Schirmacher Oasis (SO) in East Antarctica was conducted to reconstruct past climatic condition. The statistically run mineral magnetic data on paleontological statistics software package (multivariate cluster analysis) placed on accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon chronology of the three sediment sections, trace 6 phases of climatic fluctuation between 13 and 3 ka, (Phases 1, 3 and 5 represent cold periods while Phases 2, 4, and 6 represent warm periods). One short warm period (Phase 2, ca. 12.5 ka) occurred in the late Pleistocene, and two marked warm periods (Phase 4, 11–8.7 ka; Phase 6, 4.4–3 ka) occurred in the Holocene. High magnetic susceptibility (χ), saturation isothermal remanent magnetism (SIRM), and soft isothermal remanent magnetism (soft IRM) values correspond to colder periods and low values reflect comparatively warmer lacustrine phases. Holocene Optima (Phase 4) and Mid Holocene Hypsithermal (Phase 6) are distinguished by decreased values of concentrations dependent parameters. Remanence is preserved in the low-coercive minerals. Heavy metals in the sediments include, Fe, Rb, Zn, Mo, Co, Pb, Mn, Cu, and As in order of decreasing abundance.  相似文献   

Paleoclimate record in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer,Sinai Peninsula,Egypt     

Abdou Abouelmagd  Mohamed Sultan  Neil C. Sturchio  Farouk Soliman  Mohamed Rashed  Mohamed Ahmed  Alan E. Kehew  Adam Milewski  Kyle Chouinard 《Quaternary Research》2014

Sixteen groundwater samples collected from production wells tapping Lower Cretaceous Nubian Sandstone and fractured basement aquifers in Sinai were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions, dissolved noble gas concentrations (recharge temperatures), tritium activities, and ¹⁴C abundances. Results define two groups of samples: Group I has older ages, lower recharge temperatures, and depleted isotopic compositions (adjusted ¹⁴C model age: 24,000–31,000 yr BP; δ¹⁸O: − 9.59‰ to − 6.53‰; δ²H: − 72.9‰ to − 42.9‰; < 1 TU; and recharge T: 17.5–22.0°C) compared to Group II (adjusted ¹⁴C model age: 700–4700 yr BP; δ¹⁸O: − 5.89‰ to − 4.84‰; δ²H: − 34.5‰ to − 24.1‰; < 1 to 2.78 TU; and recharge T: 20.6–26.2°C). Group II samples have isotopic compositions similar to those of average modern rainfall, with larger d-excess values than Group I waters, and locally measurable tritium activity (up to 2.8 TU). These observations are consistent with (1) the Nubian Aquifer being largely recharged prior to and/or during the Last Glacial Maximum (represented by Group I), possibly through the intensification of paleowesterlies; and (2) continued sporadic recharge during the relatively dry and warmer interglacial period (represented by Group II) under conditions similar to those of the present.  相似文献   

Carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of late Pleistocene mammal teeth from dolines of Ajoie (Northwestern Switzerland)     

Laureline Scherler  Thomas Tütken  Damien Becker 《Quaternary Research》2014

Fossils of megaherbivores from eight late Pleistocene ¹⁴C- and OSL-dated doline infillings of Ajoie (NW Switzerland) were discovered along the Transjurane highway in the Swiss Jura. Carbon and oxygen analyses of enamel were performed on forty-six teeth of large mammals (Equus germanicus, Mammuthus primigenius, Coelodonta antiquitatis, and Bison priscus), coming from one doline in Boncourt (~ 80 ka, marine oxygen isotope stage MIS5a) and seven in Courtedoux (51–27 ka, late MIS3), in order to reconstruct the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions of the region. Similar enamel δ¹³C values for both periods, ranging from − 14.5 to − 9.2‰, indicate that the megaherbivores lived in a C₃ plant-dominated environment. Enamel δ¹⁸O_PO4 values range from 10.9 to 16.3‰ with a mean of 13.5 ± 1.0‰ (n = 46). Mean air temperatures (MATs) were inferred using species-specific δ¹⁸O_PO4–δ¹⁸O_H2O-calibrations for modern mammals and a present-day precipitation δ¹⁸O_H2O-MAT relation for Switzerland. Similar average MATs of 6.6 ± 3.6°C for the deposits dated to ~ 80 ka and 6.5 ± 3.3°C for those dated to the interval 51–27 ka were estimated. This suggests that these mammals in the Ajoie area lived in mild periods of the late Pleistocene with MATs only about 2.5°C lower than modern-day temperatures.  相似文献   

Paleoclimate and growth rates of speleothems in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula over the last two glacial cycles     

Heather M. Stoll  Ana Moreno  Ana Mendez-Vicente  Saul Gonzalez-Lemos  Montserrat Jimenez-Sanchez  Maria Jose Dominguez-Cuesta  R. Lawrence Edwards  Hai Cheng  Xianfeng Wang 《Quaternary Research》2013

Speleothem growth requires humid climates sufficiently warm to stimulate soil CO₂ production by plants. We compile 283 U/Th dates on 21 stalagmites from six cave systems in the NW coast of Spain to evaluate if there are patterns in stalagmite growth that are evidence of climatic forcing. In the oldest stalagmites, from marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 7–5, growth persists through the glacial period. Hiatuses and major reductions in growth rate occur during extreme minima in summer insolation. Stalagmites active during the last interglaciation cease growth at the MIS 5–4 boundary (74 ka), when regional sea-surface temperature cooled significantly. During MIS 3, only two stalagmites grew; rates were highest between 50 and 60 ka during the maximum in summer insolation. One stalagmite grew briefly at 41 ka, 36.5 and 28.6 ka, all during warm phases of the Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles. A pronounced Holocene optimum in stalagmite growth occurs from 9 to 6 ka. The cessation of most growth by 4.1 ka, coincident with broad increases in aridity over the Mediterranean and areas influenced by the North African Monsoon, suggest that regions such as NW Spain, with dominant Atlantic moisture sources, also experienced increased aridity at this time.  相似文献   

OSL dating of glacier extent during the Last Glacial and the Kanas Lake basin formation in Kanas River valley, Altai Mountains, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiangke Xu  Jianqiang Yang  Guocheng Dong  Liqiang Wang  Lee Miller 《Geomorphology》2009,112(3-4):306-317

The Kanas River originates on the southern slope of Youyi Peak, the largest center of modern glaciers in Altai Mountains, China. Three sets of moraines and associated glacial sediments are well preserved near the Kanas Lake outlet, recording a complex history and landscape evolution during the Last Glacial. Dating the moraines allows the temporal and spatial glacier shift and climate during the Last Glacial to be determined, and then constrains when and how the Kanas Lake basin was formed. Dating of the glacial tills was undertaken by utilizing the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) method. Results date four samples from the three sets of moraines to 28.0, 34.4, 38.1, and 49.9 ka and one sample from outwash sediment to 6.8 ka. The Kanas Lake basin is a downfaulted basin and was eroded by glacier before 28.0 ka, and the glacial moraines blocked the glacier-melt water after the glacier retreat, which made the present-day Kanas Lake eventually form at least before 6.8 ka BP. In Altai Mountains, the glacier advance was more extensive in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 than MIS 2, probably because the mid-latitude westerlies shifted northward and/or intensified during the MIS 3, resulting in a more positive glacier mass balance. Nevertheless, the Siberian High dominated the Altai Mountains in MIS 2, resulting in a relative decrease in precipitation.  相似文献   

太白山最近1000年的孢粉记录与古气候重建尝试   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

童国榜  吴锡浩  童琳  肖华国 《地质力学学报》1998,4(4):58-63

秦岭太白山佛爷池最近1000年的孢粉记录及据此所重建古气候参数的时间序列,揭示了历史时期小冰期和中世纪温暖期的气候特征。小冰期的起止时间为1420-1920aAD。其1月与7月平均温度反映本区夏季风与冬季风的变化有很大的不一致性。小冰期开始时,冬季风突然增强,夏季风显示不稳定波动,并相对变弱,而降水一度增多。小冰期的结束是以冬季风逐渐减弱为先导,而夏季风呈突然增强势态,降水偏少。在中世纪温暖期中,1200-1340aAD发生快速气候波动,出现暖夏、冷冬等特征气候,成为历史上少见的灾害性气候时段。   相似文献   

Uplift and active tectonics of southern Albania inferred from incision of alluvial terraces   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Carcaillet  J.L. Mugnier  R. Koi  F. Jouanne 《Quaternary Research》2009,71(3):465-476

In Albania, the Osum and Vjoje rivers cross the active graben system and the active frontal thrust system of the Albanides. The effects of climatic and geodynamic forcing on the development of these two rivers were investigated by the means of field mapping, topographic surveying and absolute exposure-age dating. We established the chronology of terraces abandonment from the compilation of new dating (¹⁴C and in situ produced ¹⁰Be) and previously published data. We identified nine fluvial terraces units developed since Marine Isotope Stage 6 up to historic times. From this reconstituted history, we quantified the vertical uplift on a time scale shorter than the glacial climatic cycle. Regional bulging produces an overall increase of the incision rate from the west to the east that reaches a maximum value of 2.8 m/ka in the hinterland. Local pulses of incision are generated by activation of normal faults. The most active faults have a SW–NE trend and a vertical slip rate ranging from 1.8 to 2.2 m/ka. This study outlines the geodynamic control in the development of rivers flowing through the Albanides on the scale of 10³–10⁵ka.  相似文献