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51.
Ian Stirling 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):375-377
At Kaikoura the greatest number of seals were ashore during mid afternoon, especially when this coincided with low tide. This is the best time of the day to count them. 相似文献
52.
Stephen H. Eagar 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):195-202
Eucypris pratensis sp. nov. is described from Wellington. It is considered conspecific with the one previous record of the genus from North Island, New Zealand. 相似文献
53.
I. D. Marsden 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):359-370
Paphies donacina (Spengler, 1793) populations were surveyed at 11 low tide sites on surf beaches along Pegasus Bay, Canterbury, New Zealand, during summer 1998. Random sampling was not feasible. At the non‐random sites chosen the average number of tuatua per 5 m of shoreline ranged between 0.1 and 62. Total wet weight biomass m‐2 was highest at the southern sites in the Bay. There were site‐related differences in length frequency distributions of tuatua populations. Northern populations included a wide length range and southern populations were dominated by larger bivalves. Average shell length increased significantly with distance south, being close to 40 mm at Waikuku and 80 mm at Taylors Mistake. The shell length: width and weight relationships were similar for tuatua collected over the whole geographic range. Average dry weight condition index varied significantly between sites (ANOVA F= 23.3, d.f. = 10, 329) depending on the length distribution of the contributing population. Where populations included a wide length range the condition index was positively correlated with shell length but in populations dominated by larger bivalves there was either no relationship or a negative relationship with shell length. Juvenile tuatua were found at average densities between 81 and 1200 m‐2 at all sites except Taylors Mistake. The mean length of recruits ranged from 2.2 to 3.1 mm and shell length was independent of both juvenile and adult density. These results are discussed in relation to the environmental and other factors thought to influence population structure and recruitment of tuatua in Pegasus Bay. 相似文献
54.
Katie Ayers Lesley L. Rhodes John Tyrrell Melissa Gladstone Chris Scholin 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(6):1225-1231
The sandwich hybridisation assay (SHA) is a DNA probe‐based method for rapid identification and enumeration of toxic micro‐algae which uses species specific oligonucleotide probes targeted at ribosomal RNA. It is suited to fragile micro‐algal cells which commonly collapse during the fixation stage of sample collection, compromising identification by traditional microscopy. The assay has been available for research for several years, but was validated and accepted for international accreditation for commercial laboratory use in New Zealand in May 2004 (International Accreditation New Zealand: ISO 17025). During the validation of the raphidophyte assay, some discrepancies were noted between SHA cell concentration estimates and traditional light microscope cell counts. Higher SHA estimates were recorded when blooms had collapsed but rRNA was still present in sea water. Conversely, higher traditional cell counts occurred when sample delivery was delayed more than 48 h, presumably owing to degradation of rRNA in the live cultures used for the SHA. SHA cell concentration estimates of the toxic diatom bloom‐former Pseudo‐nitzschia australis were also compared with whole cell format DNA probe counts and traditional microscope counts; SHA counts were comparable for the three methods tested. 相似文献
55.
G. J. Macchi M. Pájaro O.C. Wöhler M. J. Acevedo R. L. Centurión D. G. Urteaga 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):993-1000
The reproductive biology of southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) inhabiting waters of the southwest Atlantic Ocean (52°‐53°S and 57°‐62°W) was studied through histological analysis of the ovaries. During 2003, the spawning peak occurred at the beginning of September south of the Malvinas Islands. Batch fecundity of this species ranged from 35 000 (41 cm total length, TL) to 245 000 (62 cm TL) oocytes and relative batch fecundity was 122 ± 43 (Mean ± SD, n = 24) oocytes per gram somatic weight. The average proportion of mature females with stage‐0 post‐ovulatory follicles was 0.25 for September 2003, which indicated a spawning frequency of 4 days during the peak of the season. Large females produced more egg batches than small spawners during the same period, but no significant relationship was found between oocyte dry weight and female size of southern blue whiting. 相似文献
56.
Hydrological alterations in watersheds have changed the flows of freshwater to many nearshore marine environments. The ensuing alterations to the salinity environment of coastal waters may have implications for species distribution. This study describes the response of two common bivalves to a modified salinity environment imposed by freshwater inputs from a hydroelectric power station in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand. Populations of Austrovenus stutchburyi and Paphies australis inhabiting river deltas near the outflow of the power station in inner Doubtful Sound were more than an order of magnitude smaller in abundance than populations in neighbouring Bradshaw Sound where the salinity regime is unaltered. In addition, there was a lack of small size classes of both species in inner Doubtful Sound, suggesting that these populations are unsustainable over the long term (10–20 years). Laboratory experiments demonstrated that sustained exposure (>30 days) to low salinity (<10) significantly decreased bivalve survivorship; however, both species survived periods of exposure to freshwater up to at least 20 days in duration if followed by a period of return to normal seawater salinity. Examination of the extant salinity regime in light of these results indicates the current salinity environment in Doubtful Sound restricts bivalves to deeper waters (5–6 m depth). The observed discrepancy in the total biomass of these active suspension feeders between altered and control sites has potential implications for the flux of organic matter in the food webs of Fiordland's shallow soft sediment communities. 相似文献
57.
半干旱区湿地芦苇种群生态特征动态变化研究——以莫莫格湿地为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究自然状态下半干旱地区湿地芦苇（Phragmites australis）种群生态特征的季节性动态变化以及水分变化对芦苇种群生态特征的影响,基于2007年5～10月莫莫格国家级自然保护区湿地芦苇种群特征以及地表淹水情况的监测资料,分析了该区芦苇种群的盖度、高度、密度和地上生物量等生态特征的季节变化。在此基础上,进一步分析了水位变化对芦苇种群生态特征的影响。结果表明：芦苇种群的生态特征具有明显的季节性变化规律,芦苇种群的盖度随着季节的变化逐渐增高,最高值出现在9月;芦苇种群的高度则随着季节变化逐渐升高;芦苇种群的密度随着季节的变化先升高,然后下降,9月中旬以后又略有回升;芦苇种群的地上生物量随着季节的变化呈现波动状态,但单株芦苇地上生物量则随着季节变化逐渐增加,其峰值出现在9月,随后受自身生长规律的影响,地上部分生物量减少。部分淹水状态下,芦苇种群高度、密度以及地上部分生物量的相对增长速率均与淹水深度变化速率显著正相关（n=5,P〈0．05）;而盖度主要受芦苇自身生长规律的影响,与地表淹水深度变化速率关系不明显。 相似文献
58.
盐碱化湿地芦苇群落围封和过牧条件下土壤和植被变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了完善松嫩平原西部盐碱化湿地植被对围栏封育和过牧适应的策略,对比研究了围栏与过牧条件下盐碱化湿地芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落植株表型特征和土壤基本理化特性的差异.结果表明,与围栏封育措施相比,过牧条件下的芦苇植株株高、叶长和节间距等极显著减小(n=20,p<0.01),根冠比极显著提高(n=3,p<0.01),植株发生小型化.过牧条件下的植被生物量明显下降,植被覆盖度减小,导致土壤水分过度蒸发散失,土壤盐碱成分向土壤表层积聚,导致芦苇群落在退化过程中出现大量的斑块化裸地,而围栏封育下芦苇群落的生长状况则接近自然状态. 相似文献
59.
闽江口潮汐盐沼湿地土壤碳氮磷的空间变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以闽江口区最大的鳝鱼滩潮汐盐沼湿地为研究对象,选择远、近潮沟区2个不同潮水水淹地段设置样线,采集3种优势植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)、咸草(Cyperus malac-censisvar.bervifolius)和藨草(Scirpus triqueter)下18个土壤剖面分层样品,分析土壤中DOC、TN和TP等含量和储量的空间分布规律及土壤物理特征对其的影响。结果表明:远、近潮沟区3种植物下土壤表层(0~10 cm)TN浓度范围为0.24~1.91g kg-1,TP为0.21~1.34 g kg-1,DOC为13.68~93.73 mg kg-1,无论是近潮沟区还是远潮沟区,芦苇和咸草下土壤DOC、TN和TP含量十分接近,且均大于藨草下土壤DOC、TN含量,藨草下土壤TN和TP含量和储量在近潮沟区均明显大于远潮沟区,而芦苇和咸草下土壤TN和TP含量在远、近潮沟区差距不大;土壤DOC、TN和TP含量与土壤粒径、容重和含水量呈显著相关,盐度对土壤中NH4+-N和NO3--N含量影响显著,与NH4+-N为正相关关系,与NO3--N为负相关关系。 相似文献
60.