根际环境锌镉镍的形态变化与植物有效性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

孙丽娜李玉双  李昕馨孙铁珩 《岩矿测试》2007,26(4):257-263

以抚顺西露天采场60平盘5种修复植物根际与非根际土为研究对象，运用顺序提取实验和数理统计分析方法研究了根际与非根际土中Zn、Cd、Ni的形态分布与植物有效性。结果表明，Zn、Ni在根际与非根际土中主要以硫化物态存在；而Cd在非根际土中以硫化物态为主，在根际土中以可交换态和松、紧有机态为主。与Ni相比，非根际土中Zn的紧有机态、氧化物态和Cd的紧有机态、氧化物态、可交换态比例明显偏大；与非根际土相比，根际土中Zn的铁锰氧化物态和硫化物态含量增加，碳酸盐态含量降低，松有机态、紧有机态和可交换态Zn在不同植物根际变化不同。Cd的硫化物态降低，可交换态、松有机态、碳酸盐态、氧化物态和紧有机态含量在不同植物根际变化不同。Ni的紧有机态显著增加，可交换态、碳酸盐态和硫化物态明显降低，松有机态在不同植物根际变化不同；根际Cd的碳酸盐态增加和氧化物态降低有利于植物Cd的吸收；碳酸盐态Zn的减少可促进植物Zn的增高。  相似文献   

Tracing suspended sediment and particulate phosphorus sources in catchments   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

D.E. Walling  A.L. Collins  R.W. Stroud 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,350(3-4):274-289

Information on suspended sediment and particulate P (PP) sources is an important requirement in many catchment-based diffuse source pollution studies, in order to assist with model validation and to provide information to support the development of effective sediment and phosphorus control strategies. Such information is, however, frequently unavailable or difficult to assemble. In the study reported, source fingerprinting procedures were successfully used to assemble this information for seven sub-catchments in the Hampshire Avon catchment and five sub-catchments in the Middle Herefordshire Wye catchment. The results provide important new information on the relative importance of the contributions from surface and channel/subsurface sources to the suspended sediment and PP fluxes from the catchments. In the Wye sub-catchments channel/subsurface sources contributed 40–55% of the overall suspended sediment flux and 21–43% of the PP flux from the catchments. Equivalent values for the Avon were 1–41% and 1–54%, respectively. Combination of the information on the relative importance of surface and channel/subsurface sources with measured suspended sediment fluxes has provided the first estimates of the specific fluxes of sediment and PP attributable to channel/subsurface sources for UK catchments. The former are as high as 15–20 t km⁻² year⁻¹ in some of the Wye sub-catchments, whereas the latter exceeded 0.1 kgP ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in the same sub-catchments. The results emphasize the need to take account of potential contributions from channel/subsurface sources when using measured suspended sediment and PP flux data to validate predictions derived from models incorporating only surface contributions.  相似文献   

Fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) transport and processing in littoral interstices – use of fluorescent markers     

Günter Gunkel  Camilla Beulker  Anja Hoffmann  Jan Kosmol 《Limnologica》2009,39(3):185-199

A fluorescent labelling method is presented as a new tool for the investigation of organic particle transport and biogenic carbon cycling processes in sandy littoral interstices at Lake Tegel, Berlin, Germany. Passive particle transport through the pore system was studied by in situ exposition of 2.4 μm monodisperse polymeric resin microparticles stained with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). Uptake of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Chlorella vulgaris and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) by the interstitial fauna was investigated in laboratory and field experiments. The major portion (>85%) of the FITC-labelled particles added to sediment cores was recovered from the topmost centimetre of sediment during the study period of 14 days. Uptake of FITC-labelled FPOM was observed in several benthic groups, e.g. chironomids, microcrustaceans, oligochaetes and tardigrads, whereas C. vulgaris was ingested by oligochaetes only. There is evidence to suggest that both are suitable materials for investigating the fragmentation and ingestion of organic material by herbivorous and detritivorous fauna. Field experiments with inert microparticles and FITC-labelled FPOM (<1 mm) prepared from dried alder leaves were carried out in plexiglass tubes as in situ whole core technique. Within the investigation period of two weeks, the transport of FPOM was restricted to the topmost 2–3 cm of sediment in conjunction with a distinct fragmentation to finer size classes with respect to increasing sediment depth. Vertical FPOM transport was hindered by a high interstitial concentration of natural POM and an intensive settlement of the interstices by algae (mainly epispammic algae, 65–96% of algae cell number) and extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPS), which formed a dense three-dimensional structure.  相似文献   

长江宜昌段水系沉积物镉高值带成因   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

夏锦霞  李方林  杨东 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(2):305

应用贡献因子和富集因子等方法对长江宜昌段水系沉积物Cd的来源进行研究,结果表明：研究区内地层对宜昌段水系沉积物Cd的贡献由大到小依次为：震旦系>二叠系>泥盆系>志留系;前震旦系、寒武系、奥陶系、三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系地层则对长江宜昌段Cd高值带的形成有一定的削弱作用。利用贡献因子、富集因子和MapGIS空间分析综合研究表明,震旦系和二叠系含矿富Cd地层的风化产物是长江宜昌段Cd高值带的主要自然来源。区内锌矿、煤矿和磷矿开采过程中的尾砂、废水的堆积和排放是长江宜昌段Cd高值带的重要人为污染源。  相似文献   

富镉锌矿成矿流体地球化学研究:以贵州都匀牛角塘富镉锌矿为例   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

叶霖  刘铁庚  邵树勋 《地球化学》2000,29(6):597-603

通过对贵州都匀牛角塘富镉锌矿包裹体的研究,发现有一定数量的有机包裹体。该矿床与密西西比河谷型（ＭＶＴ）矿床相似,均属于Ｎａ＾＋－Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｋ＾＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋－Ｃｌ＾－体系,同时,两者在成矿流体温度、盐度和密度方面也有一定差别。该矿床成矿流体组分与油田卤水相似,仅Ｃａ＾２＋和Ｍｇ＾２＋含量偏高,这可能与晚阶段的碳酸盐有关。笔者认为,成矿流体可能与麻江古油藏的油田卤水有关,正是由于油田卤水携带了Ｃｄ  相似文献   

镉对石莼光合作用和呼吸作用及叶绿素含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵素达  付成秋  朱松龄 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(3):519-523

实验表明 ,用含不同浓度镉 (0、5、10、15、2 0、2 5、30× 10 -6)的海水培养石莼 1～ 8d,石莼的光合作用、呼吸作用、叶绿素含量受到了明显的影响。 5× 10 -6的镉培养 3d,光合速率和叶绿素含量明显下降 ;培养时间越长 ,下降幅度越大。低浓度的镉 (5～ 10× 10 -6)对呼吸有促进作用 ,出现了“伤呼吸”;高浓度的镉 (>10× 10 -6)对呼吸有明显抑制作用 ,培养 5d后石莼开始死亡。  相似文献   

台湾海峡1997年夏季和1998年冬季两航次颗粒有机碳研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

刘占飞  彭兴跃  徐立  洪华生 《台湾海峡》2000,19(1):95-101

1997～1998年台湾海峡两个航次的数据表明,颗粒有机碳(POC)的平均含量为0．120±0．009mg/dm3,表层POC浓度在夏季和冬季分别存在几个高值区。POC在随深度变化的剖面分布图中,最大值出现在10m层,底层水明显受再悬浮影响,这一剖面的变化规律普遍存在于整个海区及不同季节。夏季POC的深度变化幅度要显著大于冬季,这与垂直混合作用有关。POC与Chl－a相关性较差,暗示以Chl－a估算浮游植物的不确定性及POC产生及来源的复杂性。  相似文献   

From Soil Pollution to “Cadmium Rice” to Public Health Impacts: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Influencing Factors and Possible Responses     

Jennifer HOLDAWAY  WANG Wuyi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(1):1-12

This article discusses the causes of the contamination of rice with cadmium in China and considers what we know about the severity of the problem. It argues that it is misleading to extrapolate simply from levels of cadmium in soil to health risks, because the uptake of cadmium by crops and the health impacts of the metal are affected by multiple factors. These include not only background levels of cadmium and pollution from mining and industry, but also soil quality, climatic conditions and the type and variety of crops grown. Social and cultural factors, including dietary habits, other exposure sources, nutritional quality and general health status will also affect the intake of cadmium and the severity of health impacts. For these reasons we argue that interdisciplinary analysis is crucial to a better understanding of patterns of risk to health from cadmium pollution, and to the design of effective responsive measures.  相似文献   

江西九江-彭泽沿长江南岸一带镉来源分析     

邓必荣  杨志勇  张旭 《华北地质》2008,31(4)

对九江-彭泽沿长江南岸一带不同成土母质Cd的分布特征在垂向、横向剖面上的研究发现,长江干流冲积成因的砂砾泥质土壤、二叠纪燧石结核(含碳)灰岩质土壤、寒武纪泥页岩质土壤、震旦纪砂岩质土壤,与其它成土母质形成的的残坡积土壤Cd含量差异较大。上述四者Cd平均含量均大于0.3×10-6,是本区Cd高值异常主要赋存地质体。同时元素相关性研究表明,Cd与Zn、Cu、As密切相关,自然源是本地区Cd异常普遍存在的根本原因,而人为源却有可能是高值Cd异常沿长江干流大中城市分布的重要影响因素。  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中锗和镉的干扰及校正   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

李刚  曹小燕 《岩矿测试》2008,27(3):197-200

采用HF-HClO₄-HNO₃分解样品,8 mol/L HNO₃提取剂,外标法校准,电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地球化学样品中锗和镉。选择¹⁰³Rh为内标,确定了最佳仪器参数,研究了Zn、Zr、Sn、Ce、Nd、Sm对Ge和Cd的干扰,试验选择质量数⁷⁴Ge和¹¹⁴Cd作为测定同位素,采用数学公式校正法校正了来自Nd和Sm的二次电离离子对Ge的干扰、Sn对Cd的同质异位素干扰。方法检出限（10s）分别为Ge 30 ng/L、Cd 15 ng/L,精密度（RSD,n=15）为Ge 1.35%、Cd 1.47%。对多种国家一级标准物质进行分析验证,结果与标准值相符。方法适用于地质样品中微量锗和镉的测定。  相似文献