云南抚仙湖窑泥沟复合湿地的除氮效果   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

陈源高  李文朝  李荫玺  侯长定  吴献花  孔志明 《湖泊科学》2004,16(4):331-337

为了延缓抚仙湖局部湖湾水体富营养化趋势,在北岸建设了净化面积1hm2.的复合人工湿地.综合利用生物氧化塘、水平潜流湿地和表面流湿地治理技术,对入湖河道窑泥沟污水中氮的去除效果进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,湿地系统的除氮效果十分明显,水力负荷年平均为437mm／d,氮负荷年平均为3.315 g／(m2·d),湿地系统氮滞留量年平均为1.91g／(m2·d).其中,通过植物吸收同化作用除氮量为0.142g／(m2·d),占总氮滞留量的7.5％左右.湿地系统对污水中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐氮(NOX-)、氨氮(NH4+)、有机氮(TON)和总氮(TN)的去除率年平均分别为62.7％、53.8％、62.4％和57.5％.在湿地系统各功能区中,表面流人工湿地除氮效果最佳,氮去除率年平均为39.4％,硝化和反硝化作用均较强;生物净化塘除氮效果次之,氮去除率年平均为18.5％;潜流人工湿地氮去除率年平均为10.6％;沉淀池中氮去除率年平均只有3.6％.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖饶河段重金属污染水平与迁移特性   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

简敏菲  游海  倪才英 《湖泊科学》2006,18(2):127-133

鄱阳湖饶河入湖段是鄱阳湖重金属污染最严重的水域之一,为了研究其污染现状,本文于2005年3月平水期对鄱阳湖饶河段的水体、底泥、土壤及水生植物的重金属污染水平及迁移特性进行了调查与分析．结果表明,饶河段水体中的重金属除Pb的含量超出地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类标准外,其它各项监测指标均能达到地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准．饶河段底泥及河滩土壤的重金属含量平均值与国家土壤环境质量相比,Zn、Cd的平均值超出了三级标准,而Cu、Pb的含量指标均符合三级标准;通过地质积累指数评价结果表明,饶河段重金属底泥除Zn污染为中度污染以外,其他各种重金属污染为轻度污染或偏中度污染,且饶河段底泥中Cu、Zn、Ph三种重金属元素之间呈极显著正相关．饶河段水生植物对Cu、 Zn、Ph都有不同程度的富集;根据富集系数评价表明,植物对Cu的平均富集能力相对较强些,其次是Pb和Zn,多数水生植物表现出对Cd具有一定的抗性．  相似文献   

人工湿地复合基质深度净水除磷实验   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李爱权  李文朝  潘继征  熊飞 《湖泊科学》2006,18(2):134-138

通过垂直上升流人工湿地模拟柱实验,研究了泥炭、蛭石、砾石以不同体积比(柱1比例1:1:3,柱2比例1:1:2, 柱3比例1:1:1,柱4全为砾石)组成的复合基质对人工湿地出水的深度除磷效果．结果表明,填充复合基质的柱1-3对总磷和正磷酸盐的处理效果较好,去除率分别达到了77％和90％以上,明显优于填充单一基质砾石的柱4(27％和 21％);蛭石、泥炭价格远高于砾石,从经济、有效的原则出发,用蛭石、泥炭、砾石以1:1:3的体积比例混合作为复合填料比较合理;该复合基质适合于水质深度净化,在进水总磷浓度不超过0．1 mg／L的情况下,除磷效果相当稳定,可以保证 0．02mg／L以下的出水浓度(地表Ⅲ类水质标准),并达到80％左右的去除率;遇到高浓度磷污染负荷冲击时,磷去除率会降低;该复合基质的除磷机制主要为吸附净化,单独使用易吸附饱和,而与人工湿地中与湿地植物的吸收净化衔接起来,就能形成稳定持久的除磷效果．  相似文献   

Spatial-temporal variability of snow cover over the Amur River Basin inferred from MODIS daily snow products in recent decades     

XiaoLin Lu  WanChang Zhang  ShuHang Wang  Bo Zhang  QuanFu Niu  JinPing Liu  Hao Chen  HuiRan Gao 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(6):418-429

MODIS snow products MOD10A1\MYD10A1 provided us a unique chance to investigate snow cover as well as its spatial-temporal variability in response to global changes from regional and global perspectives. By means of MODIS snow products MOD10A1\MYD10A1 derived from an extensive area of the Amur River Basin, mainly located in the Northeast part of China, some part in far east area of the former USSR and a minor part in Republic of Mongolia, the reproduced snow datasets after removal of cloud effects covering the whole watershed of the Amur River Basin were generated by using 6 different cloud-effect-removing algorithms. The accuracy of the reproduced snow products was evaluated with the time series of snow depth data observed from 2002 to 2010 within the Chinese part of the basin, and the results suggested that the accuracies for the reproduced monthly mean snow depth datasets derived from 6 different cloud-effect-removing algorithms varied from 82% to 96%, the snow classification accuracies (the harmonic mean of Recall and Precision) was higher than 80%, close to the accuracy of the original snow product under clear sky conditions when snow cover was stably accumulated. By using the reproduced snow product dataset with the best validated cloud-effect-removing algorithm newly proposed, spatial-temporal variability of snow coverage fraction (SCF), the date when snow cover started to accumulate (SCS) as well as the date when being melted off (SCM) in the Amur River Basin from 2002 to 2016 were investigated. The results indicated that the SCF characterized the significant spatial heterogeneity tended to be higher towards East and North but lower toward West and South over the Amur River Basin. The inter-annual variations of SCF showed an insignificant increase in general with slight fluctuations in majority part of the basin. Both SCS and SCM tended to be slightly linear varied and the inter-annual differences were obvious. In addition, a clear decreasing trend in snow cover is observed in the region. Trend analysis (at 10% significance level) showed that 71% of areas between 2,000 and 2,380 m a.s.l. experienced a reduction in duration and coverage of annual snow cover. Moreover, a severe snow cover reduction during recent years with sharp fluctuations was investigated. Overall spatial-temporal variability of Both SCS and SCM tended to coincide with that of SCF over the basin in general.  相似文献   

盐湖氯化镁制备炼钢用镁钙造渣剂的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

祁米香  段东平  崔杰  郭效瑛  郑红  杨占寿  王舒娅  李波  邹兴武 《盐湖研究》2020,28(2):95-100

本文探讨了盐湖副产氯化镁应用于炼钢冶金造渣的可行性。以盐湖水氯镁石和石灰为原料,通过化学合成制备了氧化镁,再将氧化镁与石灰、粘结剂混配成型制备炼钢用镁钙造渣剂,考察了粘结剂硼酸的不同用量时造渣剂形成的球团强度和抗压强度及微观结构变化;同时研究了不同煅烧温度、煅烧时间、氧化镁掺杂量的情况下,造渣剂的活性及杂质脱除率。实验结果表明,利用该方法制备的镁钙造渣剂应用于钢铁冶金造渣过程,可有效地脱除碳、磷、硫、硅等杂质成分,提高转炉冶炼的冶金效果的同时实现了盐湖资源再利用,具有较好的推广应用前景。  相似文献   

Estimating mineral content of indigenous browse species using laboratory spectroscopy and sentinel-2 imagery     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

Trees provide low-cost organic inputs, with the potential to improve livelihoods for rural communities. Understanding foliar nutrients of tree species is crucial for integration of trees into agroecosystems. The study explored nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentrations of nine browse species collected from the bushveld region of South Africa using wet analysis and laboratory spectroscopy in the region 400–2500 nm, along with partial least squares (PLS) regression. We further explore the relationship between canopy reflectance of Sentinel-2 image and foliar N, P, K & Ca. Laboratory spectroscopy was significant for N estimation, while satellite imagery also revealed useful information about the estimation of nitrogen at landscape level. Nitrogen was highly correlated with spectral reflectance (R² = 0.72, p < 0.05) for winter and (R² = 0.88, p < 0.05) for summer, whilst prediction of phosphorus potassium and calcium were considered not accurate enough to be of practical use. Modelling the relationship using Sentinel-2 data showed lower correlations for nitrogen (R² = 0.44, p < 0.05) and the other nutrients when compared to the dried samples. The findings indicate that there is potential to assess and monitor resource quality of indigenous trees using nitrogen as key indicator. This multi-level remote sensing approach has promise for providing rapid plant nutrient analyses at different scales.  相似文献   

泡沫酸解堵技术在华港104-P2井中的应用     

孙党英 《海洋地质译丛》2009,(3):47-52

华港104-P2水平井在钻井及完井过程中受到的污染严重,采取一系列增产措施后,效果不理想。针对上述问题,对该井堵塞原因及前期增产措施进行了总结分析。为了达到向油层不同部位渗透的酸液量基本相等的目的,在分析了泡沫酸解堵机理及室内实验的基础上,提出了酸液拌空气注入的施工方案。通过现场应用,取得了较好的效果,为水平井解堵提供了有效方法。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in the dissolved,acid-soluble and residual phases in surface waters of the Changjiang Estuary     

Zhong-Liang Wang  Cong-Qiang Liu 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(3):407-416

The concentrations of rare earth elements in the dissolved, acid-soluble and residual phases in surface waters of the Changjiang Estuary were determined using ICP-MS. The main purposes of the study are to understand the estuarine geochemistry of rare earth elements and to explore water-particle interactions in the Changjiang estuarine mixing zone. The results show that there are two distinct processes operating on dissolved rare earth elements in the estuary: large scale removal at low salinities due to salt-induced coagulation and remarkable release at mid to high salinities. These processes result in modification of the effective river water flux and the systematical fractionation of the dissolved rare earth elements toward the East China Sea. The increase in concentration of dissolved rare earth elements in the mid to high salinity waters of the Changjiang Estuary suggests a sediment source in the mixing zone of the estuary, which is located over a shallow, broad shelf where there is extensive physical contact between bottom sediment and estuarine waters. Acid-soluble rare earth elements, the concentrations of which also dropped sharply in the low salinity region, appear to be controlled by salt-induced coagulation process and intense deposition of suspended particulate matter in the low salinity region. In the mid to high salinities, all acid-soluble rare earth element concentrations increase slightly with increasing salinity, suggesting that resuspension of sediments occurred. In contrast, the residual rare earth element concentrations are relatively constant with salinity variation in the Changjiang estuarine surface waters.  相似文献   

叶片生化组分浓度对单叶光谱影响研究——以2100nm吸收特征的碳氮比反演为例   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

施润和  牛铮  庄大方 《遥感学报》2005,9(1):1-7

运用连续统去除法和波深归一化方法对构成植物叶片碳氮比的基本因素——总碳和总氮浓度进行深入研究,对其组成物质的浓度差异在2030—2220nm区间内光谱响应的物理机制进行深入分析。在对多组典型叶片的对比分析后发现,经连续统去除后的相对反射率光谱中可以明显观察到碳、氮浓度差异造成的影响,而其影响与纤维素、木质素和蛋白质在此范围的吸收特征密切相关。其中,以纤维素和木质素为代表的碳浓度的影响主要体现在2030—2050nm区间,而以蛋白质为代表的氮浓度的影响则体现在2054nm和2172nm附近存在的斜率突变上。另外利用波深归一化方法再次证明了氮浓度对2054nm和2172nm处光谱特征的影响,进一步证实蛋白质双峰特征在光谱上的响应,并通过相关分析和回归分析验证了相对反射率光谱与碳氮比之间的定量关系。  相似文献   

发展云南磷化工的战略构想     

黄仲权 《地质找矿论丛》2000,15(4):373-376

磷是云南的优势矿产,资源潜力大,富矿比例高,发展前景好,产业有基础,应进行宏观调控,促进磷矿运输、调整产品结构,发展深加工,提高经济效益。  相似文献