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101.
Small bounded plots were used to investigate dissolved nutrient losses in overland flow in eucalyptus and pine forests in northern Portugal following understorey fires. Losses of NON, POCa2+, Mg2+ and K+ were measured over 19 months during the first 2–3 years after fire. Solute losses in overland flow increased after fire in eucalyptus and pine terrain due to the mineralization of litter and vegetation and increased overland flow. The data suggest that (i) elevated losses persist for at least 2 and 3 years at the pine and eucalyptus sites respectively and (ii) soluble losses of POK+ in a post‐fire cycle may exceed those adsorbed to eroded material. Losses of POalthough relatively small, are potentially the most detrimental to soil fertility and forest productivity because of the limited opportunity for P replenishment and correspondingly high P losses adsorbed to eroded sediment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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无人机遥感影像林地单株立木信息提取 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对无人机遥感技术在提取单株立木信息的限制性问题,提出一种新的自动单株立木信息提取方法。对原始无人机影像进行光谱信息增强处理以突出局部细节特征;通过引入DBI指数自动化确定K-means聚类方法的最优聚类数目,进而对影像像素进行标记;通过利用高斯马尔可夫随机场模型进一步对影像进行分割;使用数学形态学算子等方法对分割结果进行后处理得到单株立木树冠信息,通过图像几何矩原理计算得到单株立木位置以作为其识别的依据。结果表明,应用该提取方法,油松林区和樟子松林区单株立木识别总体精度分别为89.52%和95.65%、单木树冠提取精度分别为81.90%和95.65%,均具有较好地适用性。该方法不需要大量的人工干预和先验知识的输入,大大提高提取方法的自动化程度。 相似文献
105.
章古台固沙造林技术与效益评价 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
章古台从1955年开始引种樟子松进行育苗造林试验,至60年代初期引种造林成功后,又于70年代后期在内蒙古敖汉旗扩大引种造林,获得成功。近年樟子松人工林出现了生长减缓现象,主要是由于造林选地不适和经营不善所引起的。樟子松扩大引种造林的技术关键是采取乔灌草型,等宽隔带式造林模式,降水量不低于300~350mm,土壤含水率不低于2.0%~2.5%。土壤类型为生草风沙土、栗钙土型风沙土和黑土型风沙土,pH值为6.8~8.3。造林时间比正常拖后至4月8日~20日之间,2a生苗造林深度以25~35cm为宜,苗木根长以25cm左右为佳,苗木运输前应沾泥浆进行包装。植苗时放在苗木罐中以防根系风干,剔除不合格苗木,造林时铲除干土层或干草皮。对松树幼株进行埋土越冬处理。 相似文献
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A modelling approach is presented for simulating and predicting future changes in streamwater Gran alkalinity throughout a large, heterogeneous river system. The methodology is based on integrating End Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA), the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC) and spatial data describing the catchment characteristics stored on a Geographical Information System (GIS). These are integrated within a Functional Unit Network (FUN) to predict the changes in Gran alkalinity resulting from possible future changes in atmospheric deposition and land use (low intensity afforestation) in the River Dee catchment, NE Scotland. Model results indicate that declining sulphate and constant nitrogen deposition, combined with low intensity Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) afforestation are unlikely to contribute significantly to streamwater acidification. 相似文献
108.
Drought is the major limiting factor for tree-ring growth of high-altitude Canary Island pines on Tenerife 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Stig Jonsson Björn Gunnarson & Constantino Criado 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2002,84(1):51-71
This is a detailed study of 50 wood cores sampled from 25 Canary Island pines ( Pinus canariensis ) growing in a subtropical climate close to the tree limit (at Lomo de Retamar, 2000–2100 m a.s.l.) on the southern, leeward side of Tenerife.
The Canary Island pines form tree-rings and, similarly to temperate pines, earlywood is formed during spring. But many pines fail to form tree-rings every year and one purpose for this paper has been to find a way to overcome this problem. Another purpose has been to see what correlations, if any, exist between the ring widths and meteorological data. Meteorological data have been collected since 1916 at the nearby Izaña meteorological observatory. It was also important to find the limiting factor for growth of Canary Island pines close to the tree limit.
Through cross-dating, missing rings were found to be typical for younger parts of older trees; in the same years younger trees instead had low growth. Some trees lacked more than 20 rings in a century. This study shows that it is possible to compensate for missing rings, at least when the number of missing rings is less than 10%.
Correlation studies showed that the growth of the tree rings was mainly due to the precipitation factor, particularly the annual precipitation one year before the ring formation, but also due to temperature. Strangely enough, multiple linear regression gave the highest correlation coefficient (0.50) for a combination of annual precipitation one year earlier and temperature four years earlier. 相似文献
The Canary Island pines form tree-rings and, similarly to temperate pines, earlywood is formed during spring. But many pines fail to form tree-rings every year and one purpose for this paper has been to find a way to overcome this problem. Another purpose has been to see what correlations, if any, exist between the ring widths and meteorological data. Meteorological data have been collected since 1916 at the nearby Izaña meteorological observatory. It was also important to find the limiting factor for growth of Canary Island pines close to the tree limit.
Through cross-dating, missing rings were found to be typical for younger parts of older trees; in the same years younger trees instead had low growth. Some trees lacked more than 20 rings in a century. This study shows that it is possible to compensate for missing rings, at least when the number of missing rings is less than 10%.
Correlation studies showed that the growth of the tree rings was mainly due to the precipitation factor, particularly the annual precipitation one year before the ring formation, but also due to temperature. Strangely enough, multiple linear regression gave the highest correlation coefficient (0.50) for a combination of annual precipitation one year earlier and temperature four years earlier. 相似文献
109.
ZHOU YuMei HAN ShiJie ZHANG HaiSen XIN LiHua & ZHENG JunQiang Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,(4)
The long-term effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on needle dark respiration of two coniferous spe- cies—Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestriformis on the Changbai Mountain was investigated using open-top chambers. P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis were exposed to 700, 500 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and ambient CO2 (approx. 350 μmol·mol-1) for four growing seasons. Needle dark respiration was meas- ured during the second, third and fourth growing seasons’ exposure to elevated CO2. The results showed that needle dark respiration rate increased for P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis grown at elevated CO2 concentrations during the second growing season, could be attributed to the change of carbohydrate and/or nitrogen content of needles. Needle dark respiration of P. koraiensis was stimu- lated and that of P. sylvestriformis was inhibited by elevated CO2 concentrations during the third growing season. Different response of the two tree species to elevated CO2 mainly resulted from the difference in the growth rate. Elevated CO2 concentrations inhibited needle dark respiration of both P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis during the fourth growing season. There was consistent trend be- tween the short-term effect and the long-term effect of elevated CO2 on needle dark respiration in P. sylvestriformis during the third growing season by changing measurement CO2 concentrations. How- ever, the short-term effect was different from the long-term effect for P. koraiensis. Response of dark respiration of P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 concentrations was related to the treatment time of CO2 and the stage of growth and development of plant. The change of dark respiration for the two tree species was determined by the direct effect of CO2 and long-term acclimation. The prediction of the long-term response of needle dark respiration to elevated CO2 concentration based on the short-term response is in dispute. 相似文献
110.
The long-term effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on needle dark respiration of two coniferous species-Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestriformis on the Changbai Mountain was investigated using open-top chambers. P. Koraiensis and P. Sylvestriformis were exposed to 700,500μmol·mol-1 CO2 and ambient CO2(approx.350 μmol·mol-1)for four growing seasons. Needle dark respiration was measurd during the second, third and fourth growing seasons' exposure to elevated CO2.The results showed that needle dark respiration rate increased for P. Koraiensis and P. Sylvestriformis grown at elevated CO2 concentrations during the second growing season, could be attributed to the change of carbohydrate and/or nitrogen content of needles. Needle dark respiration of P. Koraiensis was stimulated and that of P. Sylvestriformis was inhibited by elevated CO2 concentrations during the third growing season. Different response of the two tree species to elevated CO2 mainly resulted from the difference in the growth rate. Elevated CO2 concentrations inhibited needle dark respiration of both P. Koraiensis and P. Sylvestriformis during the fourth growing season. There was consistent trend between the short-term effect and the long-term effect of elevated CO2 on needle dark respiration in P. Sylvestriformis during the third growing season by changing measurement CO2 concentrations. However, the short-term effect was different from the long-term effect for P. Koraiensis. Response of dark respiration of P. Koraiensis and P. Sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 concentrations was related to the treatment time of CO2 and the stage of growth and development of plant. The change of dark respiration for the two tree species was determined by the direct effect of CO2 and long-term acclimation. The prediction of the long-term response of needle dark respiration to elevated CO2 concentration based on the short-term response is in dispute. 相似文献