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11.
John Shroder 《GeoJournal》2007,70(2-3):91-107
Afghanistan has long been backward and underdeveloped where centuries of desertification, deforestation, overgrazing and environmental
degradation have combined with successive invasions, violence, and terrorism to reduce the population to abject poverty. In
the post 9/11 world, development of Afghanistan is seen as the only hope to revive the failed nation and reduce its threat
to the external world. New assessments of natural resources offer many solutions to old problems of development and the potential
economic functionality through renewal of the collapsed state. Oil, gas, copper, iron, gemstones, and a number of other resources,
combined with a renewed transportation grid, offer a viable solution that is now underway to possibly produce a somewhat more
promising future, providing that corruption, renewed violence, and environmental despoliation can be kept to a minimum. 相似文献
12.
The paper describes the results of an experimental study on the behaviour of a submerged rock berm in liquefied backfill soil. The soil is liquefied by waves, and the rock berm is subject to the orbital motion of the liquefied soil. The soil used in the experiments was silt with d50=0.075 mm. Various berm materials were used, stones of size 0.74-2.5 cm, plastic balls of size 3.6 cm, brass of size 2.5 cm and steel of size 1.0 cm. The experiments show that rock berms that are stable under very large waves can be unstable when they are exposed to the motion of liquefied soil. The limited data obtained in the study were plotted as a function of the mobility number versus the Keulegan-Carpenter number for the range of the Reynolds number of the tests. The critical mobility number corresponding to the incipient motion of the berm stones is determined. Recommendations are made as to how the present findings can be implemented in practice. 相似文献
13.
In this paper, a numerical sensitivity analysis of the site effect on dynamic response of pipelines embedded in some idealised soil deposits resting on a halfspace covering a wide range of soil profiles encountered in practice and subjected to vertically propagating shear waves, is presented. The power spectrum of the lateral differential displacement between two distant points due to the site effect is formulated analytically by using an analytical amplification function of a viscoelastic inhomogenous soil profile overlying either a compliant halfspace or a bedrock, represented by a more realistic continuous model. Also, Kanai-Tajimi spectrum parameters are estimated and expressed analytically from the soil profile model. Finally, results in the form of stochastic response spectrum of pipelines, for different key soil and pipeline parameters, are given and discussed. 相似文献
14.
With the development of marine energy in full swing, an increasing number of pipelines are being installed in deep-sea areas, which inevitably pass through extremely complex topographic conditions, to form natural sections of suspension over submarine canyons. The seabed is easily eroded and shaped by active deep-sea bottom currents and watercourses, resulting in different span heights for pipelines originally laid on the seabed. In particularly, deep-sea geological hazards frequently occur, and submarine landslides seriously threaten the safe operation of the pipelines. To address these problems, an improved numerical analysis method combined with low-temperature rheological models of landslides and the optimization design method of the geometric model, is developed to simulate the landslides’ impacts on pipelines. Based on these, the effect of the span heights on the pipelines’ impact forces induced by deep-sea landslides is systematically investigated, and three modes of the forces on pipelines under the impact of landslides and related mechanism are proposed. Further, the span height ratio is put forward, and four formulas for evaluating the forces on pipeline are established. Through the analysis of calculation results, the lift force coefficient even increases nearly 20 times considering different span heights. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design and protection of deep-sea pipelines. 相似文献
15.
采用增量信息文件记录燃气管道的变化信息,将燃气管道及其附属设施数据分为当前数据和历史数据,存储于Oracle数据库中。采用ArcSDE空间数据库引擎和ArcEngine二次开发工具,设计了基于事务机制的更新处理策略,有效地保证了更新过程中数据的完整性和一致性。用C#程序设计语言开发了包括增量信息文件读取,燃气管网数据增量更新、历史数据归档、日志记录等功能的管道燃气数据增量更新自动化处理系统。该系统在海南民生管道燃气有限公司正式应用。本文为管道燃气数据增量更新与历史数据查询提供了一套及时、高效的应用模式。 相似文献