云南高原城市发展对降雨的影响——以楚雄市为例     

李宏波  何萍 《山地学报》2011,29(5)

分析了楚雄市1965-2010年的降雨特点,采用同时期城区(楚雄站)与郊区(南华站、双柏站)雨量横向对比和城市化发展不同时期同一站雨量纵向对比的方法,研究了城市化对年降雨量、季节雨量和不同类型降雨发生次数等的影响.通过研究发现:城市化发展对城市年雨量、汛期雨量有不同程度的增加作用;受城市化发展的影响,降雨年内分配集中雨季的趋势更加明显;城市化发展使不同类型降雨发生次数有增加或减少,对大雨和暴雨有增加作用,小雨和中雨有所减少.城市化发展使城市大雨和暴雨增多,所以要加强城市洪涝、滑坡和泥石流灾害的防治工作.  相似文献   

基于遥感和GIS的黄土高原中阳县土壤侵蚀评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王晓慧  陈永富  陈尔学  雒艳兰 《山地学报》2011,29(4)

黄土高原地区是我国水土流失最严重的地区,定量评价土壤侵蚀量、土壤侵蚀强度及其空间分布特征,可以为水土流失防治措施的制定提供依据.基于遥感和GIS,应用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)对山西中阳县土壤侵蚀进行评价.结果表明,中阳县平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 874.25t/(km2·a),属于中度侵蚀地区,年平均土壤侵蚀量408.78×104 t.发生中度以上土壤侵蚀面积占总面积的29.95％,土壤侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的85.61％,这部分土地是土壤侵蚀防治的主要区域.黄土区发生轻度以上土壤侵蚀面积大,所占比例多,侵蚀程度严重.微度土壤侵蚀面积以有林地为主,轻度和中度土壤侵蚀面积主要是未成林造林地和灌木林地,发生强烈以上土壤侵蚀面积主要是疏林地、未利用地、灌木林地和农田,土地类型、植被覆盖与土壤侵蚀有着密切关系,林业生态工程建设对于中阳县控制水土流失和改善生态环境有着重要作用.  相似文献   

应对青藏高原东部的草地退化:政府和当地牧民有何差异(英文)     

阎建忠  吴莹莹  张镱锂 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(6):1112-1122

In the last decade, there has been increasing interest in climate change, pasture degradation and its driving forces, and innovations in nomadic pastoralism on the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known of indigenous strategies of adaptation to pasture degradation, which limits the effectiveness of adaptation strategies planned by local government. This paper analyzes nomads’ strategies of adaptation to pasture degradation on the basis of a field survey of three townships of Dalag County in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers. Pastures there have evidently degraded, with pastures in Wasai mainly in a state of slight or medium degradation and those in Manzhang and Jianshe in a state of medium or severe degradation. With the degradation of pasture, the grazing time is reduced, which affects the livelihoods of nomads. Although the Four-Package Project has commenced in this region, there is still severe fodder shortage in winter and spring. The traditional hay storage strategy does not work because of pasture degradation, and few nomads establish fenced and artificial pastures. Therefore, nomads have employed other strategies, such as renting pasture, providing supplementary feed, and diversifying their livelihoods. Local strategies taken by nomads can provide valuable insights into ecological restoration and livelihood improvement in the region and suggest changes to means promoted by local government. It is necessary to seek new means that combine the best aspects of nomadic pastoralism with modern stockbreeding technologies to help nomads adapt to pasture degeneration and improve their livelihoods.  相似文献   

Assessing adaptability of planted trees using leaf traits: A case study with Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the Loess Plateau, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tiantian Jin  Guohua Liu  Bojie Fu  Xiaohui Ding  Lei Yang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(3):290-303

Leaf trait patterns and their variations with climate are interpreted as an adaptive adjustment to environment.This study assessed the adaptability of planted black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) based on the analysis of leaf traits and the comparison of its leaf traits with inter-specific ones existing in the same area.We measured some water and N use related leaf traits: leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and N,P and K concentrations based on both leaf area (Narea,Parea and Karea) and leaf mass (Nmass,Pm...  相似文献   

Conifer stomata analysis in paleoecological studies on the Loess Plateau: An example from Tianchi Lake, Liupan Mountains     

K. ZhangY. Zhao  X.L. Guo 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(11):1209-1213

The identification of fossil conifer stomata was conducted from a lake sedimentary sequence on the Liupan Mountains, southwestern Loess Plateau, in order to reconstruct detailed forest history and assess the potential of using stomata as a supplement to pollen analysis to determine the local presence of conifers over the last 3200 years. The pollen has already been analyzed in our previous study. Reference conifer stomata were prepared for the fossil stomata identification and demonstrate that the conifer stomata could be identified to at least genus level. Our stomata and pollen results reveal three clear stages of the forest recession during the late Holocene: mixed conifer-deciduous forest, steppe-forest and steppe. Combined stomata and pollen results confirm the local presence of conifer trees (Abies and Pinus) in the vicinity of the Tianchi Lake. Abundant Abies trees existed during 3200-2200 cal yr BP. Then it decreased and finally demised at ca.210 cal yr BP. Pinus trees have been continuously present with very low abundance throughout the late Holocene. Application of comprehensive studies comprising both stomata and pollen analyses allowed a detailed determination of the stages of conifer trees presence in the vicinity of the Tianchi Lake. Our study suggests that the analysis of fossil stomata is a valuable methodological tool for the provision of unambiguous evidence of the past local presence of the coniferous taxa in this region.  相似文献   

近30a来长江源区沙漠化时空演变过程及成因分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

胡光印  董治宝  逯军峰  颜长珍  魏振海 《干旱区地理》2011,34(2):300-308

通过遥感与地理信息系统技术对1975-2005年长江源区沙漠化发展状况进行了监测,监测结果显示:长江源区有大面积的沙漠化土地分布,在这30 a问,沙漠化土地面积明显增加,尤其是极重度沙漠化土地的增加最为明显.长江源区不同程度的沙漠化土地总面积从1975年的31 118.3 km2增加到2005年的33 923.25 k...  相似文献   

Diurnal surface temperature difference index derived from ground-based meteorological measurements for assessment of moisture availability     

A.A. Mohamed  R. KimuraM. Shinoda  M. Moriyama 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(2):156-163

Droughts have become widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, including in China, where they have affected farmland resources on the Loess Plateau. Given this background, we proposed a new index, the Normalized Day-Night Surface Temperature Index (NTDI), to estimate moisture availability (m_a), defined as the ratio of actual to reference evapotranspiration. The NTDI is defined as the ratio of the difference between the maximum daytime surface temperature and the minimum nighttime surface temperature, to the difference between the maximum and minimum surface temperatures estimated from meteorological data by applying energy balance equations.To calculate the index, we used data of 20 clear-sky meteorological observations made during the 2005 growing season at a natural grassland station in the Liudaogou River basin on the Loess Plateau. The NTDI showed a significant inverse exponential correlation with m_a (R² = 0.97, p < 0.001), whereas the numerator of the index (the maximum daytime surface temperature minus the minimum nighttime surface temperature) was only weakly correlated with m_a (R² = 0.24, p = 0.03). This result indicates that normalization relative to the index denominator (maximum surface temperature − minimum surface temperature) dramatically improved the accuracy of the estimate.  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘贵德坳陷源岩时代及勘探潜力     

马新民  张跃中  张弘强  周苏平  李永奎  张红欣 《地质学报》2013,87(1):133-138

青藏高原东北缘贵德坳陷发育一套烃源岩,长期以来,其时代归属不统一,其生烃能力认识不清,制约了该坳陷油气资源勘探的进程.本文通过野外踏勘、露头剖面实测和样品分析及连续电磁剖面(CEMP)测量结果得出以下认识:①根据沉积特征及孢粉组合,结合区域地质资料,确定了该套地层形成时代为早白垩世,沉积环境为浅湖—半深湖;②借助野外实测剖面及连续电磁剖面(CEMP)资料,确定了该套烃源岩的发育规模;③通过对剖面样品的有机质丰度、热演化程度等实验分析,对该套烃源岩的油气勘探潜力进行了综合评价,认为该套烃源岩分布范围广,厚度大,有机质丰度高,热演化程度适中,可以作为贵德坳陷的有效烃源岩,提升了贵德坳陷油气勘探潜力;④利用野外调查结果及连续电磁剖面(CEMP)资料对贵德坳陷生储盖组合进行综合分析,并指出了有利的勘探方向.  相似文献   

青藏高原东北部新近纪古流向与物源分布对隆升的响应     

杨永锋  张克信  徐亚东  宋博文  张楗钰  骆满生  季军良  陈奋宁  陈锐明 《地质学报》2013,87(6):797-813

通过对青藏高原东北部11个新近纪沉积盆地的沉积相演化、古流向和物源演变的详细对比研究,揭示了研究区新近纪4次沉积演变与构造隆升的响应.①中新世早期(23～19.5Ma):阿牙克库木湖、柴达木、德令哈和酒泉盆地的古流向和物源分析表明东昆仑和阿尔金已经抬升成剥蚀区.循化、贵德和临夏等盆地物源和古流向指示西秦岭和拉脊山也已成为隆起区.区域上整体地势差异不显著.②中新世早中期(17.5～15Ma):区域湖盆面积扩大,阿牙克库木湖、索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地的资料反映东昆仑、阿尔金和祁连山已经全面隆升,贵德循化、临夏盆地的古流向反映为盆地周缘型,指示西秦岭和拉脊山明显抬升,区域差异隆升造成盆地凹陷扩张进入湖泛期.③中新世中晚期(10～7Ma):阿牙克库木湖、索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地沉积物的粒径和沉积速率增大,与热年代学证据一致,揭示出阿尔金山和祁连山进一步快速隆升.贵德、循化和临夏盆地古流向和物源反映为显著的多源性,除西秦岭和拉脊山外,位于循化和临夏两盆地间的积石山也开始隆起.④上新世(5.3Ma以来):索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地古流向没有明显变化,沉积速率和粒径继续增大,阿尔金和祁连山加速隆升为高海拔地貌.贵德盆地主物源区是拉脊山.区域上,地势差异加强,湖盆被肢解后逐步萎缩消亡.  相似文献   

西藏南部吉隆盆地晚中新世-早更新世介形类群落研究     

陈奋宁  陈锐明  郭岐明  张克信  周修高  徐亚东  江尚松 《地质学报》2013,87(6):872-886

本文在西藏南部吉隆盆地新生代沉积中获得丰富的介形类化石,根据介形类动物群在地层剖面上的分布规律,建立了8个介形类群落,自下而上为:Leucocytherella trinoda-Ilyocypris群落;Ilyocypris pentanada-Leucocytherella hyalina群落;Candoniella zadaensis-Leucocytherella群落;Eucypris subgyrongensis-Candoniella zadaensis群落;Leucocytherella-Cadoniella zadaensis群落;Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella hyalina群落;Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella glabra群落和Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella trinoda群落。通过对介形类群落进行详细的特征分析,并结合磁性地层年代学数据,将吉隆盆地7.2～1.67Ma的古气候划分为5个期次:①7.2～6.7Ma为暖湿期;②6.7～5.8Ma为凉湿期;③5.8～3.6Ma为暖湿期;④3.6～2.6Ma为凉湿期;⑤2.6～1.67Ma为冷干期。将研究区的7.2Ma以来的气候演化特征与全球气候演变对比认为:吉隆盆地7.2～5.8Ma间的气候以暖湿为主,可能与来自印度的东南季风加强有关;5.8～3.6Ma间吉隆盆地古气候分析显示为相对暖湿期,可能与来自印度洋的东南季风再次加强有关;3.6Ma后,由于是受全球气候变冷、冬季风加强及青藏高原强烈隆升的影响,吉隆盆地气候向更寒冷干旱的环境转变。  相似文献