建立罗非鱼保鲜期实验方程及其应用性探讨     

杨鸣玉 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(1)

根据实验数据和采用王怡评定罗非鱼感官的评分标准，建立０℃、８℃和１５℃三个温度水平的罗非鱼保鲜期实验方程；同时．实验表明：在温度０℃～５℃下无论采用感官检定或ＴＶＢ－Ｎ，或细菌总数和Ｋ值的指标检定其鲜度，所得的结果均相同。因此．在实际应用时，以０℃温度水平下的实验方程其可靠性较大。  相似文献   

Secular change in lifetime of granitic crust and the continental growth: A new view from detrital zircon ages of sandstones     

Hikaru Sawada  Yukio Isozaki  Shuhei Sakata  Takafumi Hirata  Shigenori Maruyama 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(4):1099-1115

U-Pb ages of detrital zircons were newly dated for 4 Archean sandstones from the Pilbara craton in Australia, Wyoming craton in North America, and Kaapvaal craton in Africa. By using the present results with previously published data, we compiled the age spectra of detrital zircons for 2.9, 2.6, 2.3,1.0, and0.6 Ga sandstones and modern river sands in order to document the secular change in age structure of continental crusts through time. The results demonstrated the following episodes in the history of continental crust:(1) low growth rate of the continents due to the short cycle in production/destruction of granitic crust during the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic(2.9-23 Ga),(2) net increase in volume of the continents during Paleo-to Mesoproterozoic(2.3-1.0 Ga), and(3) net decrease in volume of the continents during the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic(after 1.0 Ga). In the Archean and Paleoproterozoic, the embryonic continents were smaller than the modern continents, probably owing to the relatively rapid production and destruction of continental crust. This is indeed reflected in the heterogeneous crustal age structure of modern continents that usually have relatively small amount of Archean crusts with respect to the post-Archean ones. During the Mesoproterozoic, plural continents amalgamated into larger ones comparable to modern continental blocks in size. Relatively older crusts were preserved in continental interiors, whereas younger crusts were accreted along continental peripheries.In addition to continental arc magmatism, the direct accretion of intra-oceanic island arc around continental peripheries also became important for net continental growth. Since 1.0 Ga, total volume of continents has decreased, and this appears consistent with on-going phenomena along modern active arc-trench system with dominant tectonic erosion and/or arc subduction. Subduction of a huge amount of granitic crusts into the mantle through time is suggested, and this requires re-consideration of the mantle composition and heterogeneity.  相似文献   

南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律——四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

郭旭升 《地质学报》2014,88(7):1209-1218

继JY1井龙马溪组页岩测试获得高产工业气流,实现南方海相页岩气的战略突破之后,近期焦石坝地区多口开发井获得高产天然气流,展现出四川盆地海相页岩气勘探的良好前景。通过对四川盆地及周缘多口井的岩性、有机地球化学、岩石矿物含量、物性、储集类型、微观孔隙结构特征、裂缝发育程度、含气量和气井产量、压力等钻探成果及分析测试资料进行深入解剖研究,探索并提出了复杂构造区海相页岩气"二元富集"规律,即:深水陆棚优质泥页岩发育是页岩气"成烃控储"的基础;良好的保存条件是页岩气"成藏控产"的关键。本文对中国南方海相页岩气的高效勘探开发具有重要的借鉴、指导意义。  相似文献   

Winter oceanographic observations in some New Zealand fiords     

B. R. Stanton 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):299-314

The winter oceanography of four New Zealand fiords is discussed using data obtained from July 1983, and comparisons are made with data collected on previous summers. Surface waters were more saline in winter than in summer and were everywhere cooler than the underlying water. Deep water renewal in the fiord basins was re‐examined using all available data. For Milford Sound and the other deep silled fiords renewal appears to be related to the arrival of dense water at sill depth offshore by an as yet unknown advective or meteorologically forced process. In the more isolated Long Sound, Preservation Inlet, deep water renewal requires the subtle interplay of tidal flows and mixing processes over the shallow double sill. Complete renewal of Long Sound bottom water appears to be a slow process.  相似文献   

Neoichnology of Chalk cobbles from north Norfolk,England: implications for taphonomy and palaeoecology     

《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2017,128(4):558-563

The study of marine biota of the North Sea from the perspective of its relevance to palaeontology (Aktuopaläontologie) has enabled modern patterns and processes to be identified that can also be recognised in ancient communities. A collection of Chalk cobbles from the coast of north Norfolk, eastern England, preserves a limited ichnofauna: Gastrochaenolites ornatus Kelly and Bromley; Gastrochaenolites isp.; and Caulostrepsis isp. All cobbles show evidence of physical modification (corrasion) since they were bored; no Gastrochaenolites is complete and no clast has Caulostrepsis on all sides, therefore clasts have been corraded subsequent to boring. Only one producing organism in Gastrochaenolites, probably Barnea sp., is preserved in situ. Gastrochaenolites borings were infested by a range of encrusting organisms after the demise (and removal of shells) of the boring bivalves: thread-like algae; agglutinated worm tubes; cheilostome bryozoan Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll); and serpulids Hydroides norvegica Gunnerus and Pomatoceras triqueter (Linnaeus). Such a suite of encrusting organisms would be impossible to see in a fossil boring filled with lithified sedimentary rock unless it was released by dissolution of the substrate. Such cobbles, corraded since they were infested by borers, leave only portions of traces for identification, commonly only to ichnogenus.  相似文献   

微生物降解蒙脱石层间吸附有机质的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于炳松  董海良  韩彭彦 《岩石学报》2012,28(3):949-960

近年来,国内外学者意识到,有机质在蒙脱石结构层间的吸附是有机质保存的重要机理之一,然而,目前关于微生物能否降解蒙脱石层间吸附有机质以及降解的程度等尚没有任何实验数据的支撑。本文试图通过人工合成含有层间吸附有机质的蒙脱石,利用海洋和湖泊沉积物中常见的降解有机质的微生物对其进行降解实验,据此探讨有机质的蒙脱石层间吸附在沉积物埋藏过程中对有机质保存的贡献。有机质选择半胱氨酸和甲苯,前者是生物生长所需的一种重要氨基酸,后者大量存在于土壤和沉积物中,多种细菌可以在有碳氢化合物的环境下将其降解。实验菌种选择恶臭假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas putida)和腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella putrefaciens CN32)2种细菌,它们均为海洋和湖泊沉积物中的主导微生物,前者有较强的有机质降解能力,后者为铁的还原菌,厌氧代谢过程中能将蒙脱石结构中的Fe(III)还原为Fe(II)。通过上述不同菌种对蒙脱石层间吸附不同性质有机质的降解实验,结果显示,微生物对蒙脱石层间吸附的有机质的降解方式主要有分泌有机酸直接降解和破坏层间结构释放有机物从而进行降解。代表菌种假单胞菌和希瓦氏菌对半胱氨酸绿脱石及甲苯绿脱石的作用表明,微生物通过分泌有机酸的形式对蒙脱石层间吸附的有机质降解作用很有限,该结构在恒定的有氧和无氧条件下对保存有机质有利;希瓦氏菌在严格无氧条件下通过还原Fe(III)进行代谢,实验表明,无氧条件下,希瓦氏菌可以一定程度破坏矿物结构,释放并消耗有机物,因此,铁还原微生物对蒙脱石层间吸附有机质的保存有一定的影响,但由于微生物对矿物晶体结构的破坏能力有限,故其对层间吸附有机质降解的能力也有限;不同有机物对生物降解过程也有影响,这些影响取决于有机质的特性及有机质与细菌之间的相互作用。绿脱石层间吸附的半胱氨酸对生物生长有利,从而可能促进生物还原Fe(III)作用。相反,甲苯却很明显的抑制了Fe(III)的还原。由此可见,有机质的蒙脱石层间吸附是有机质保存的重要方式之一。  相似文献   

构造变形过程中盖层封闭性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

周雁  李双建  范明 《地质科学》2011,46(1):226-232

研究了埋藏-成岩-抬升变形过程中盖层封闭性的演化特点,开展了构造变形过程中盖层破裂实验.认为泥岩在高演化阶段封闭性变差并不具有普遍性,在深埋条件下和构造稳定区,高演化泥岩仍可具有良好的封闭性;构造抬升是盖层封闭性发生破坏的主要因素;力学实验表明,膏盐岩盖层在极小的埋深(1 000 m左右)下就有很强的塑性,其极限强度很...  相似文献   

AMS dating of insect chitin – A discussion of new dates,problems and potential     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Results from AMS dating applied to insect chitin from a variety of contexts and different preservation conditions and retrieval methods are presented. Secure contexts, which include other dated organic material from different geographic locations ranging from Egypt to Greenland and different chronological periods, from Lateglacial to Medieval, have been used. In addition, insect species with different dietary requirements have been selected for dating purposes in order to provide an understanding as to whether diet plays a role in the chitin dating results. Dates from each context/site are discussed separately in the context of their stratigraphy and/or archaeology. Our research concentrates on the results from pre-treatment methods which require small quantities of chitin as these could be applied in a variety of Quaternary and archaeological contexts. The dates from carbonised and desiccated remains where no chemicals had been involved in storage fell within the range of dates from other organics or the archaeology. Although some of the dates from waterlogged contexts were successful, problems were encountered and these have been linked with long term storage in various alcohols of uncertain provenance. Whilst short term immersion in paraffin (kerosene) and alcohols during processing probably has no impact, it is recommended that chitinous material for dating be stored in acidified distilled water. Our results demonstrate the potential of chitin as a dating medium and provide a basis for its wider application.  相似文献   

The preservation of high-pressure rocks during exhumation: metagranites and metapelites     

Alexander Proyer 《Lithos》2003,70(3-4):183-194

Metagranites in the NKFMASH system require external hydration during prograde high-pressure metamorphism in order to equilibrate to ambient HP conditions by producing more siliceous muscovite. Any lack of external fluid or the disappearance of biotite stops re-equilibration and thus prevents recording of high-pressure conditions. The same hydration reactions cause dehydration during exhumation. Orthogneiss from shear zones or adjacent to metapelites and metabasites will take up external fluid during subduction and record the highest P–T conditions, but will also be the first to dehydrate upon exhumation, now hydrating other lithologies and probably refuelling shearzones.

The (de)hydration behavior of Ca-bearing metagranitoids is similar to that in the Ca-free system. However, the anorthite component of plagioclase decomposes with increasing pressure to form either (clino)zoisite or a grossular-rich garnet. Both reactions are fluid-consuming. If H₂O is supplied from an external source, the garnet-bearing assemblage can record P–T conditions up to very high pressures, but dehydrates again during heating and/or decompression to form a more Fe-rich garnet and Al-rich mica(s). The garnet compositions observed in natural HP-metagranites are mostly too Fe-rich to be formed in the presence of an H₂O-rich fluid.

N(C)KFMASH metapelites generally have a more complex mineralogy and succession of mineral assemblages along a P–T path. The H₂O contained in hydrous silicates like chlorite and chloritoid is only partly released, but partly transferred to other minerals like paragonite, glaucophane or phengite during subduction and further dehydration during exhumation is common. The mineral assemblage preserved by the rock may then record P–T conditions way below those of the actual pressure and temperature peak of the path. Contouring of the P–T pseudosection of a specific metapelite composition with mode isopleths for H₂O shows which P–T conditions along a given path are the ones most likely recorded by the rock.  相似文献   

冀中坳陷东北部石炭系—二叠系煤成气保存条件评价     

赵威  丁文龙  钱铮  蓝宝锋  赵金利  刘建军  姚佳利  李瑞娜 《海相油气地质》2015,(2)

从盖层质量、地层水条件、异常地层压力和构造作用等四个方面,对冀中坳陷东北部石炭系—二叠系煤系地层分别进行了煤成气保存条件的单因素成图评价分析。综合各项指标,建立了煤成气保存条件综合评价体系,划分出"好"、"较好"和"较差"三个评价等级。认为研究区保存条件好的区域主要有武清凹陷中南部、里坦凹陷西南部、文安斜坡北部的信安地区和西部的苏桥以南地区,较好的区域主要有饶阳凹陷北部和里坦凹陷的大部分地区。  相似文献